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Background: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induces uncontrolled cell proliferation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats triggers MAPK activation and pro-inflammatory mechanisms by increasing cytokine secretion, similar to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in suppressing the expression of inflammatory markers in the kidney and may contribute to reducing cellular proliferation. This study evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with paricalcitol on ADRN in renal inflammation mechanisms. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an osmotic minipump containing activated vitamin D (paricalcitol, Zemplar, 6 ng/day) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%). Two days after implantation, ADR (Fauldoxo, 3.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) was injected. The rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, n = 6; paricalcitol, n = 6; ADR, n = 7 and, ADR + paricalcitol, n = 7. Results: VDR activation was demonstrated by increased CYP24A1 in renal tissue. Paricalcitol prevented macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli, cortex, and outer medulla, prevented secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1ß, increased arginase I and decreased arginase II tissue expressions, effects associated with attenuation of MAPK pathways, increased zonula occludens-1, and reduced cell proliferation associated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Paricalcitol treatment decreased the stromal cell-derived factor 1α/chemokine C-X-C receptor type 4/ß-catenin pathway. Conclusions: Paricalcitol plays a renoprotective role by modulating renal inflammation and cell proliferation. These results highlight potential targets for treating CKD.
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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the effect of age of obesity onset, sex, and their interaction on abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) morphology (degree of adipocyte hyperplasia or hypertrophy). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we isolated adipocytes via collagenase digestion from abdominal and femoral SAT biopsies taken from male and female adults with childhood-onset obesity (CO; n = 8 males, n = 16 females) or adult-onset obesity (AO; n = 8 males, n = 13 females). Regional body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and a single-slice abdominal computed tomography scan. Mean adipocyte size was measured in abdominal and femoral SAT and was used to quantify morphology in android and gynoid subcutaneous fat, respectively. RESULTS: Abdominal SAT morphology was more hyperplastic in females with CO than females with AO (p = 0.004) but did not differ between males with CO and males with AO (p = 0.996). Conversely, femoral SAT morphology was more hypertrophic in males and females with CO than those with AO. CONCLUSIONS: Age of obesity onset appears to affect SAT morphology differently in the abdominal and femoral regions of male and female adults. Our findings challenge the notion that SAT is uniformly hyperplastic in CO and hypertrophic in AO.
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Absorciometría de Fotón , Adipocitos , Fémur , Obesidad , Grasa Subcutánea , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Fémur/patología , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Grasa Subcutánea/patología , Obesidad/patología , Adipocitos/patología , Edad de Inicio , Factores Sexuales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Composición Corporal , Adulto Joven , Hiperplasia , Hipertrofia , Adolescente , Niño , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
Kempnyia (Plecoptera: Perlidae) is an endemic genus of Brazilian stoneflies that has 36 valid species and is distributed primarily in the Atlantic Forest and the mountainous areas of Central Brazil, particularly in Goiás and Tocantins states. Despite being the Brazilian genus with the most DNA sequences available on GenBank, integrative studies on the genus began only recently, in 2014. In this context, herein we studied the morphology and molecular data of Kempnyia specimens deposited in the Aquatic Biology Laboratory (UNESP, Assis) and the Entomology Museum of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFVB, Viçosa) collections. For the integrative approach adopted, in addition to studying the specimens morphologically, we used sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene combined with the following species delimitation methods: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), both primary (ABGDp) and recursive (ABGDr) partitions; Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP); Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) and the Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP). As a result, we provided 28 new COI sequences of 21 species and support the description of four new species, namely, K. guarani sp. nov., K. tupiniquim sp. nov., K. una sp. nov., and K. zwickii sp. nov., consequently increasing the known diversity of the genus to 40 species. We also discuss the morphological variations observed in other species of the genus and provide several new geographic records. Therefore, our study brings new insights into the values of intra- and interspecific molecular divergence within Kempnyia, serving as a basis for new studies.
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Filogenia , Animales , Brasil , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Teorema de Bayes , Insectos/clasificación , Insectos/genética , Insectos/anatomía & histología , Neoptera/genética , Neoptera/clasificación , Neoptera/anatomía & histología , Especificidad de la Especie , FemeninoRESUMEN
Fate mapping and genetic manipulation of renin cells have relied on either noninducible Cre lines that can introduce the developmental effects of gene deletion or bacterial artificial chromosome transgene-based inducible models that may be prone to spurious and/or ectopic gene expression. To circumvent these problems, we generated an inducible mouse model in which CreERT2 is under the control of the endogenous Akr1b7 gene, an independent marker of renin cells that is expressed in a few extrarenal tissues. We confirmed the proper expression of Cre using Akr1b7CreERT2/+;R26RmTmG/+ mice in which Akr1b7+/renin+ cells become green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ upon tamoxifen administration. In embryos and neonates, GFP was found in juxtaglomerular cells, along the arterioles, and in the mesangium, and in adults, GFP was present mainly in juxtaglomerular cells. In mice treated with captopril and a low-salt diet to induce recruitment of renin cells, GFP extended along the afferent arterioles and in the mesangium. We generated Akr1b7CreERT2/+;Ren1cFl/-;R26RmTmG/+ mice to conditionally delete renin in adult mice and found a marked reduction in kidney renin mRNA and protein and mean arterial pressure in mutant animals. When subjected to a homeostatic threat, mutant mice were unable to recruit renin+ cells. Most importantly, these mice developed concentric vascular hypertrophy ruling out potential developmental effects on the vasculature due to the lack of renin. We conclude that Akr1b7CreERT2 mice constitute an excellent model for the fate mapping of renin cells and for the spatial and temporal control of gene expression in renin cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fate mapping and genetic manipulation are important tools to study the identity of renin cells. Here, we report on a novel Cre mouse model, Akr1b7CreERT2, for the spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression in renin cells. Cre is properly expressed in renin cells during development and in the adult under basal conditions and under physiological stress. Moreover, renin can be efficiently deleted in the adult, leading to the development of concentric vascular hypertrophy.
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Ratones Transgénicos , Renina , Animales , Renina/metabolismo , Renina/genética , Ratones , Aparato Yuxtaglomerular/metabolismo , Aldehído Reductasa/genética , Aldehído Reductasa/metabolismo , Captopril/farmacología , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Integrasas/genética , Integrasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Among gender-expansive individuals and transgender men, body appreciation can play a protective role against minority stressors and is associated with gender euphoria. The Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) is a leading measure of body appreciation that has been mainly validated in cisgender and mixed-gender samples; however, it has not been validated among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Therefore, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the BAS-2 among adult Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Participants (158 gender-expansive individuals and 138 transgender men) were recruited through social media in Brazil. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the original 10-item, unidimensional solution. Multigroup CFA showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the BAS-2 between gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. Moreover, the BAS-2 demonstrated significant negative associations, ranging from small to large, with self-objectification, drive for muscularity, and appearance-ideal internalization. We also found good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the measure. Taken together, our results support the psychometric properties of the BAS-2 among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men. The present work offers a valuable contribution towards better understanding facets of positive body image across gender-expansive and transgender populations.
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Imagen Corporal , Psicometría , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Brasil , Adulto , Femenino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto Joven , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Análisis Factorial , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Identidad de Género , Adolescente , Autoimagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insatisfacción Corporal/psicologíaRESUMEN
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, including mortality. Diagnosis depends on adopted consensus definition and cutoff values; thus, prevalence rates are generally heterogeneous. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the global prevalence of sarcopenia and its traits across the wide spectrum of CKD. A systematic search was conducted using databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, for observational studies reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia. We considered sarcopenia according to the consensus definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project, and the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS). Subgroup analyses by CKD stages, consensus, and gender were performed. Pooled prevalence was obtained from random-effect models. A total of 140 studies (42 041 patients) across 25 countries were included in this systematic review and meta-analyses. Global prevalence of sarcopenia was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.9-28.3) and did not differ among stages (P = 0.33). Prevalence varied according to the consensus definition from 11% to 30%, with no significant difference (P = 0.42). Prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 21.0% (95% CI: 11.7-32.0), with higher rates for patients on dialysis (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.6-37.1) compared to non-dialysis (3.0%, 95% CI: 0-11.1; P < 0.01). Sarcopenic obesity was observed in 10.8% (95% CI: 3.5-21.2). Regarding sarcopenia traits, low muscle strength was found in 43.4% (95%CI: 35.0-51.9), low muscle mass in 29.1% (95% CI: 23.9-34.5), and low physical performance in 38.6 (95% CI: 30.9-46.6) for overall CKD. Prevalence was only higher in patients on dialysis (50.0%, 95% CI: 41.7-57.4) compared to non-dialysis (19.6%, 95% CI: 12.8-27.3; P < 0.01) for low muscle strength. We found a high global prevalence of sarcopenia in the wide spectrum of CKD. Low muscle strength, the primary sarcopenia trait, was found in almost half of the overall population with CKD. Patients on dialysis were more prevalent to low muscle strength and severe sarcopenia. Nephrology professionals should be aware of regularly assessing sarcopenia and its traits in patients with CKD, especially those on dialysis.
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Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To link the items from shoulder-specific Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains and categories, and to determine if the items fit into the ICF framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Brazilian versions of the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) were linked to the ICF by two researchers independently. Agreement between raters was determined by calculating the Kappa Index. RESULTS: Fifty-eight items from the PROMs were linked to eight domains and 27 categories of ICF. The PROMs covered components of body functions, activities, and participation. Components of body structure and environmental factors were not covered by any of the PROMs. âThere was substantial agreement between raters when linking the OSS (Kappa index = 0.66), SPADI (Kappa index = 0.92), SST (Kappa index = 0.72) and WORC (Kappa index = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: WORC and SST were the PROMs that covered the highest number of ICF domains (seven and six, respectively). However, SST is short and may be less time consuming in a clinical assessment. Clinicians can benefit from this study to decide which shoulder-specific PROM may be more adequate according to the clinical demand.Implications For RehabilitationWestern Ontario Rotator Cuff Index was the shoulder-specific Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) that best showed a broader view of functionality through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains that can influence shoulder pain and disability.Simple Shoulder Test seems to be the most recommended shoulder-specific PROM considering the number of domains covered by the ICF and the clinical evaluation time consumption.Shoulder Pain and Disability Index fails to provide a broader view of functioning through other ICF domains that may influence shoulder pain and disability.
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Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud , Hombro , Humanos , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Dolor de Hombro/diagnóstico , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Actividades CotidianasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adding Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) to an aquatic therapy protocol on pain, fibromyalgia (FMS) impact, quality of life and sleep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five women were randomly allocated into two groups: aquatic exercises (AEG, n = 36) and aquatic exercises + PNE (PNG, n = 39). The primary outcome was pain, and the secondary outcomes were FMS impact, quality of life, sleep and pain sensitivity (pressure pain thresholds - PPTs). Participants performed 45-min sessions of aquatic exercises, twice a week, for 12 weeks. PNG also received 4 PNE sessions during this period. Participants were assessed four times: initial (before treatment), after 6 weeks (intermediate) and 12 weeks (final) of treatment and after 12 weeks after the end of treatment (follow-up). RESULTS: Both groups improved pain after treatment, with no difference between them (p > 0.05, partial Æ2 0.10). FMS impact and PPTs improved after treatment with no difference between groups, and sleep did not change. Quality of life improved several domains for both groups, with slightly better results for the PNG, with low effect sizes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present results show that the addition of PNE to an aquatic exercise intervention did not provide larger effects than aquatic exercises alone for people with FMS concerning pain intensity, but provided benefit for health-related quality of life for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03073642, version 2, April 1st, 2019). PERSPECTIVE: The addition of 4 Pain Neuroscience Education sessions to an aquatic exercises protocol did not add benefits for women with fibromyalgia syndrome on pain, fibromyalgia impact, and sleep, but improved quality of life and pain sensitivity.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAquatic exercises are commonly prescribed, but patient education is crucial for the treatment.The addition of Pain Neuroscience Education to an aquatic exercises protocol did not add benefits for women with fibromyalgia syndrome.The positive changes on quality of life and pain sensitivity that this combination led to had small effect sizes and did not achieve minimal important clinical difference.
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Fibromialgia , Humanos , Femenino , Fibromialgia/terapia , Terapia Acuática , Calidad de Vida , Dolor , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Adults who have had obesity from childhood are at greater risk of obesity-related comorbidities compared to those who only develop obesity in adulthood. The main way of mitigating these risks in obesity is with weight loss, which has been shown to positively affect the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition of adults. However, it is unclear whether the response of these outcomes to weight loss may be influenced by age of obesity onset. The objective of our study was to investigate how age of obesity onset mitigates the responsiveness of CRF, muscle strength and body composition to modest weight loss. Measurements were conducted at baseline and 12 weeks. In total, 37 participants (childhood-onset = 19, adult-onset = 18) lost 3.7% ± 0.4% through aerobic exercise and diet. The YMCA cycle ergometer test (YMCA) and the 20-m shuttle run test (20MSR) were used to estimate CRF (mL kg-1 min-1 ) and a handgrip dynamometer was used to estimate muscle strength. Total body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Overall, CRF and body composition improved (time effect: p < 0.05) after 12 weeks. There was no group-by-time interaction for YMCA, 20MSR, muscle strength and body composition variables. Therefore, the present study suggests that individuals with childhood-onset obesity and adult-onset obesity can improve their CRF and body composition similarly after mild weight loss.
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Capacidad Cardiovascular , Obesidad Infantil , Adulto , Humanos , Niño , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Aptitud Física/fisiología , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
Objetivo: o estudo visou um relato de experiências entre os autores sobre a tutoria do módulo três durante o curso EAD no ano de 2022. Método: Este curso com atividades síncronas e assíncronas, para professores da educação básica e estudantes de graduação, foi realizado em outubro e novembro, do ano de 2022 e culminou na construção de uma cartilha com mapas mentais, temas e estratégias trabalhados durante o curso comomateriais pedagógicos para o ensino fundamental II. Resultados:A cartilha intitulada: as consequências do consumo de álcool ao sistema nervoso, teve como parceria professores de duas escolas básicas. Esta apresenta informações anatomofisiológicas a respeito do funcionamento do sistema nervoso e o álcool. A temática explica como o funcionamento do sistema nervoso pode ser afetado pelo uso de bebidas alcoólicas; compreensão das alterações causadas ao funcionamento do sistema nervoso pela ingestão de álcool e instrumentalização dos professores com mais um recurso pedagógico. Conclusão:Dessa forma, foi possível a promoção da sensibilização dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos negativos do uso de bebidas alcoólicas. Assim como, prevenção nos jovens quanto ao seuuso indiscriminado, colaborando com a popularização da ciência.
Objective:the study aimed to report experiences between the authors regarding the tutoring of module three during the EAD course in the year 2022. Method:This course with synchronous and asynchronous activities, for basic education teachers and undergraduate students, was carried out in October and November, 2022 and culminated in the construction of a booklet with mental maps, themes and strategies workedon during the course as teaching materials for elementary school II. Results:The booklet entitled: the consequences of alcohol consumption on the nervous system, was partnered with teachers from two basic schools. This presents anatomophysiological information regarding the functioning of the nervous system and alcohol. The theme explains how the functioning of the nervous system can be affected by the use of alcoholic beverages; understanding the changes caused to the functioning of the nervous system byalcohol intake and providing teachers with yet another pedagogical resource. Conclusion:In this way, it was possible to promote student awareness regarding the negative aspects of the use of alcoholic beverages. As well as prevention among young people regarding its indiscriminate use, collaborating with the popularization of science.
Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo relatar experiencias entre los autores respecto a la tutoría del módulo tres durante el curso EAD en el año 2022. Método: Este curso con actividades sincrónicas y asincrónicas, para docentes de educación básica y estudiantes de pregrado, se realizó en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2022 y culminó con la construcción de una cartilla con mapas mentales, temáticas y estrategias trabajadas durante el curso como material didáctico para la escuela primaria II. Resultados:El cuadernillo titulado: las consecuencias del consumo de alcohol en el sistema nervioso, fue elaborado en colaboración con docentes de dos escuelas básicas. Presenta información anatomofisiológica sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso y el alcohol. El tema explica cómo el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso puede verse afectado por el uso de bebidas alcohólicas; comprender los cambios que provoca en el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso la ingesta de alcohol y dotar a los docentes de un recurso pedagógico más. Conclusión: De esta manera, fue posible sensibilizar a los estudiantes sobre los aspectos negativos del consumo de alcohol. Así como la prevención entre los jóvenes sobre su uso indiscriminado, contribuyendo a la popularización de la ciencia.
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Educación Primaria y Secundaria , Enseñanza , Etanol , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Sistema NerviosoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic spinal pain (CSP) is a major public health problem worldwide, frequently related to sleep problems. Central sensitization (CS) may worsen the clinical picture of CSP patients with insomnia. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported and objectively measured clinical outcomes between insomniac CSP patients with comorbid insomnia with and without symptoms of CS. METHODS: A case-control study on baseline self-reported sleep, functioning, and psychological distress through online questionnaires. Objective sleep and physical activity parameters and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed through polysomnography, actigraphy, and digital algometry, respectively. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine possible differences in the outcome measures between the groups. RESULTS: Data from 123 participants were included and revealed no statistically significant group for objective sleep and physical activity parameters. The CS group, however, presented with worse self-reported sleep (quality sleep, insomnia severity, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep), increased mental and physical fatigue, and higher psychological distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms), and reported lower PPTs. CONCLUSIONS: symptoms of CS may influence perceived sleep and affect functional health and well-being perception but do not seem to affect objective sleep and physical activity.
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Stoneflies (Plecoptera) are aquatic insects widely used in ecological and monitoring studies as indicators of environmental quality due to their high sensitivity to pollution. Among Brazilian Plecoptera, Perlidae is the most diverse family, with four genera (Anacroneuria Klapálek 1909, Enderleina Jewett 1960, Kempnyia Klapálek 1914, and Macrogynoplax Enderlein 1909) and about 150 species. Herein, based on data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and morphological characters, we studied specimens of Enderleina and Macrogynoplax, mainly from the Brazilian Savanna. Our alignment with a total length of 608 base pairs included 23 COI sequences, of which 10 are new and 13 were obtained from GenBank. The sequences and congruence of the obtained species clusters were analyzed using neighbor joining. As a result, we describe a new species of Enderleina, the first of this genus in the Brazilian Savanna, and update the geographic distribution of some Macrogynoplax species. A new record was included for Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984 in São Paulo state and the first record of M. yupanqui Stark 1996 in Brazil was also included. First records were made for Macrogynoplax matogrossensis Bispo and Neves 2005 and a Macrogynoplax specimen in Goiás and Bahia states, respectively. Consequently, we expanded the distribution of the genus in the Brazilian Savanna and Atlantic Forest. In addition, we provide observations on the morphological differences found among these species, discuss about the distribution of the genera, present molecular data discussing their contributions to the knowledge of the genus, and comment on the recommendations for future research considering a scenario of integrative approaches. Lastly, we present a key to identify the adult males of Enderleina.
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Insectos , Neoptera , Masculino , Animales , Brasil , Bosques , Contaminación AmbientalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the dorsal fixation technique with a cannulated compression screw (CCS) for transverse scaphoid neck fractures. METHODS: A case series study was carried out with patients treated with a CSS between April 2014 and May 2021. The main outcome was the healing of the fracture, verified by radiographic evaluation that used images of the wrist in anteroposterior, lateral, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and oblique views, obtained in the postoperative period. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients aged between 15 and 65 years were analyzed, of which 43 (83%) were male. Of the 52 patients, 19 (36.53%) had a right-hand injury and 33 (63.46%) had a left-hand injury. Results were excellent in 47 patients (90.38%); good in 4 patients (7.69%), with reduced mobility compared to contralateral and poor in 1 patient (1.92%), with failure of consolidation and breakage of the synthesis material. In 51 cases (99%) there was bone consolidation at the end of six months. CONCLUSION: Osteosynthesis with a cannulated compression screw is a safe, effective and promising method for the treatment of scaphoid neck fractures. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica de fixação dorsal com parafuso canulado de compressão (CCS) para fraturas transversas do colo do escafoide. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de série de casos com pacientes tratados com CSS entre abril de 2014 e maio de 2021. O desfecho principal foi a consolidação da fratura, verificada por meio da avaliação radiográfica das imagens do punho em anteroposterior, perfil, desvio radial, desvio ulnar e oblíquo obtidas no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 52 pacientes com idade entre 15 e 65 anos, sendo 43 (83%) do sexo masculino. Dos 52 pacientes, 19 (36,53%) tinham lesão na mão direita e 33(63,46%) na mão esquerda. Os resultados foram excelentes em 47 dos pacientes (90,38%); bons em quatro (7,69%), com mobilidade reduzida comparada ao membro contralateral; e ruim em um (1,92%), com falha da consolidação e quebra do material de síntese. Em 51 casos (99%) houve consolidação óssea ao final de seis meses. Conclusão: A osteossíntese com parafuso canulado de compressão é um método seguro, eficaz e promissor para o tratamento das fraturas no colo do escafoide. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
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BACKGROUND: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS: We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.
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Fiebre Chikungunya , Virus Chikungunya , Animales , Humanos , Virus Chikungunya/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , Viaje , Filogenia , Mosquitos Vectores , Brotes de Enfermedades , GenotipoRESUMEN
Kefir is a fermented beverage made of a symbiotic microbial community that stands out for health benefits. Although its microbial profile is still little explored, its effects on modulation of gut microbiota and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) seems to act by improving brain health. This work aimed to analyze the microbiota profile of milk kefir and its effect on metabolism, oxidative stress, and in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a murine model. The experimental design was carried out using C57BL-6 mice (n = 20) subdivided into groups that received 0.1 mL water or 0.1 mL (10% w/v) kefir. The kefir proceeded to maturation for 48 h, and then it was orally administered, via gavage, to the animals for 4 weeks. Physicochemical, microbiological, antioxidant analyzes, and microbial profiling of milk kefir beverage were performed as well as growth parameters, food intake, serum markers, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, SCFAs, and metabarcoding were analyzed in the mice. Milk kefir had 76.64 ± 0.42% of free radical scavenging and the microbiota composed primarily by the genus Comamonas. Moreover, kefir increased catalase and superoxide dismutase (colon), and SCFAs in feces (butyrate), and in the brain (butyrate and propionate). Kefir reduced triglycerides, uric acid, and affected the microbiome of animals increasing fecal butyrate-producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium). Our results on the brain and fecal SCFAs and the antioxidant effect found were associated with the change in the gut microbiota caused by kefir, which indicates that kefir positively influences the gut-microbiota-brain axis and contributes to the preservation of gut and brain health. KEY POINTS: ⢠Milk kefir modulates fecal microbiota and SCFA production in brain and colon. ⢠Kefir treatment increases the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. ⢠Milk kefir increases antioxidant enzymes and influences the metabolism of mice.
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Kéfir , Microbiota , Ratones , Animales , Kéfir/microbiología , Leche/metabolismo , Antioxidantes , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Heces/microbiología , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Butiratos , Encéfalo/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality in diabetic patients worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency (VitDD) is one of the main consequences of different chronic kidney disease (CKD) types and is associated with rapid progression to ESRD. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that lead to this process are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize a model of diabetic nephropathy progression in VitDD and the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) role in these processes. METHODS: Wistar Hannover rats received a diet with or without VitD before type 1 diabetes (T1D) induction. After this procedure, the rats were accompanied for 12 and 24 weeks after T1D induction and the renal function, structure, cell transdifferentiating markers and zinc finger e-box binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/ZEB2) contribution to kidney damage were evaluated during the DKD progression. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in glomerular tuft, mesangial and interstitial relative areas and renal function impairment in VitD-deficient diabetic rats compared to diabetic rats that received a VitD-containing diet. These alterations can be associated with increased expression of EMT markers, ZEB1 gene expression, ZEB2 protein expression and TGF-ß1 urinary excretion. Decreased miR-200b expression, an important post-transcriptional regulator of ZEB1 and ZEB2 was also observed. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that VitD deficiency contributes to the rapid development and progression of DKD in diabetic rats induced by increase ZEB1/ZEB2 expressions and miR-200b downregulation.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Fallo Renal Crónico , MicroARNs , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Animales , Ratas , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Ratas Wistar , Vitamina D , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , VitaminasRESUMEN
Novel hybrid core-shell structures, in which up-converting (UC) NaYF4:Yb,Tm core converts near-infrared (NIR) to visible (Vis) light via multiphoton up-conversion processes, while anatase TiO2-acetylacetonate (TiO2-Acac) shell ensures absorption of the Vis light through direct injection of excited electrons from the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital (HOMO) of Acac into the TiO2 conduction band (CB), were successfully synthesized by a two-step wet chemical route. Synthesized NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2-Acac powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence emission measurement. Tetracycline, as a model drug, was used to investigate the photocatalytic efficiencies of the core-shell structures under irradiation of reduced power Vis and NIR spectra. It was shown that the removal of tetracycline is accompanied by the formation of intermediates, which formed immediately after bringing the drug into contact with the novel hybrid core-shell structures. As a result, ~80% of tetracycline is removed from the solution after 6 h.
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Antibacterianos , Tetraciclina , CatálisisRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated the influence of mixture design on the chemical profile of Eugenia unifloraleaves, evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the toxic and hemolytic potential, with the focus on the improvement of the polyphenol's extraction for incorporation of the extract in semi-solid forms with antifungal action. The chemical analysis was evaluated by UV-Vis and HPLC. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities were monitored. The flavonoid content ranged from 2.63-7.98 %w/w and tannins from 5.42-18.29 %w/w. The extract consisted of gallic acid (0.09-1.29%; w/w), ellagic acid (0.09-0.37%; w/w), and myricitrin (0.18-1.20%; w/w). The most successful solvent system with the highest level of active extract was water: ethanol: propylene glycol. The extracts showed fungicidal properties (3.9 µg/mL), high antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.50 µg/mL), and low toxicity. These solvent mixtures can improve the in vitro bioactivities when compared to pure solvents and this result demonstrates the importance of mixture designs as useful tools for creating high-quality herbal products and elucidate the potential of E. uniflora glycolic extracts as active herbal pharmaceutical ingredients in topical delivery systems.
En este estudio investigamos la influencia del diseño de mezclas en el perfil químico de hojas de Eugenia uniflora, evaluando las actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas, el potencial tóxico y hemolítico, con el foco en la mejora de la extracción de polifenoles para la incorporación del extracto en formas semi-sólidas con acción antifúngica. El análisis químico se evaluó mediante UV-Vis y HPLC. Se monitorizaron las actividades antimicrobianas, antioxidantes y hemolíticas. El contenido de flavonoides osciló entre 2,63 y 7,98% p/p and taninos de 5,42-18,29% p/p. El extracto consistió en ácido gálico (0.09-1.29%; p/p), ácido elágico (0.09-0.37%; p/p) y miricitrina (0.18-1.20%; p/p). El sistema de disolventes más exitoso con el nivel más alto de extracto activo fue agua: etanol: propilenglicol. Los extractos mostraron propiedades fungicidas (3.9 µg/mL), alta actividad antioxidante (IC50: 9.50 µg/mL) y baja toxicidad. Estas mezclas de disolventes pueden mejorar las bioactividades in vitro en comparación con los disolventes puros y este resultado demuestra la importancia de los diseños de mezclas como herramientas útiles para crear productos a base de hierbas de alta calidad y dilucidar el potencial de los extractos glicólicos de E. uniflora como ingredientes farmacéuticos a base de hierbas en sistemas de entrega activos.
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Extractos Vegetales/química , Eugenia/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoquímicos , AntiinfecciososRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Kidney failure patients receiving haemodialysis experience protein-energy wasting, muscle mass loss and physical function impairment. Intradialytic exercise interventions seem to modify these features, but they are often not implemented as a clinical routine. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of implementing a supervised intradialytic resistance training programme as a clinical routine for patients receiving short daily haemodialysis. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen patients in a supervised intradialytic resistance training programme for 8 months. MEASUREMENTS: It consisted of a warm-up, lower- and upper-limb resistance exercises and a cool-down. Patients performed the resistance training during the first half of haemodialysis, twice a week, supervised by exercise physiologists and physiotherapists. The feasibility was assessed by the total and partial adherences, the reasons for refusing or for not exercising and the intradialytic complications. RESULTS: From a total of 953 potential exercise sessions, 759 were performed, with a 79.6% adherence rate. In the first 9 weeks, the adherence rate was 86.6% and the lowest rate was in the 19-27 weeks (73.5%). The main intradialytic complication during exercise sessions was hypotension (n = 31; 4.1%). The highest number of complications was reported during the first 9 weeks (n = 27; 9.1%). The main reasons for refusing or for not performing the intradialytic exercise sessions were clinical complications previous to exercise time (n = 63; 32.5%) and self-reported indisposition (n = 62; 32.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The intradialytic resistance training programme, supervised by exercise physiologists and physiotherapists, had very low complications, achieved a high long-term adherence rate and showed to be feasible as a clinical routine for patients receiving short daily haemodialysis.