A cross-sectional study of resilience and well-being among nursing students in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Promoting resilience and embracing healthy coping strategies can effectively assist nursing students in managing stress and enhancing their welfare. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their well-being and resilience, pivotal for both academic accomplishments and future career longevity, remains incomplete. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was adopted for this study. Participants comprised students enrolled in pre-registration nursing programs at both undergraduate and graduate levels. The World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were utilized to assess psychological well-being and resilience, respectively. Results: The study involved 175 university nursing students selected through convenience sampling. On the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the average score was 25.5, with undergraduate and graduate students scoring an average of 25.4 and 26.3, respectively. Nevertheless, the two groups had no statistically significant difference (p = 0.526). Regarding perceived well-being, the average World Health Organization-5 score was 16.1, with no noticeable distinction between undergraduates and postgraduates (p = 0.858). Notably, bivariate analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between self-reported resilience and perceived well-being (rp = 0.281, p = 0.001). Moreover, senior students exhibited significantly higher scores on the perceived well-being scale than junior students (17.0 vs 15.1, p = 0.010). Multivariable regression analysis also identified that self-reported resilience represents a consistent means of predicting perceived well-being (regression coefficient B = 0.22, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The outcomes indicate that university-based nursing students who exhibit higher levels of resilience have more positive perceptions of their well-being. Moreover, postgraduate students exhibit more significant resilience levels than undergraduate students.

Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Saudi Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic-language Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among Saudi caregivers of patients with chronic diseases. Using a cross-sectional design, 94 Saudi caregivers (37 male and 57 female) in the medical city participated in the study. A comparative assessment was conducted on 4 models proposed in the existing PHQ-9 literature to gauge their compatibility through confirmatory factor analyses. This study evaluates convergent validity through a correlation analysis, examining the relationship between the PHQ-9 and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Among the various models we examined, the single-factor structure of the PHQ-9 displayed the best fit with the data we gathered. Notably, the Cronbach alpha coefficient for the PHQ-9 registered at .81, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Factor loadings spanned a range from .39 to .76. The convergent validity of the PHQ-9 and DASS-21 was deemed satisfactory. It is established that the PHQ-9 serves as an effective tool for depression screening among Saudi caregivers in Saudi Arabia. Its strengths lie in its demonstrated validity, dependability, brevity, and convenience of administration, positioning it as a valuable resource for preventative measures and performance assessment within mental health settings.

Correlation Between Symptoms of Depression and Obesity in Caregivers of Patients With Chronic Illness: A Gender Difference Analysis.

This study involved gender-stratified analysis and total-sample analysis to assess the extent to which symptoms of depression correlate with the body mass index (BMI) of a population of 112 people responsible for caring for others diagnosed with a chronic illness. The majority of the participants (caregivers) of this study were female (57.1%). All participants were recruited from an urban medical city hospital. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was employed to assess the extent to which caregivers exhibited symptoms of depression, and BMI was calculated by the researcher using the subject's height and weight. Regressions were executed on the entire dataset spanning male and female participants to generate insights into demographic factors, after which the PHQ-9 was administered. After taking into account the possible confounding factors, the findings of the regression showed that there was a significant correlation between the BMI and PHQ-9 scores (ß = .25, P = .042). The correlation between BMI and PHQ-9 persisted among females (ß = .37, P = .023). Furthermore, there is a noteworthy correlation among the participants who were morbidly obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). The correlation between BMI and PHQ-9 caregivers of patients with chronic illness remained after taking demographic factors into account. These findings could be utilized to enhance the outcomes for caregivers of patients with chronic illness. They may be particularly pertinent for caregivers who are experiencing depression or are overweight.

Predictors of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Nursing Professionals in a Medical City in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout levels in a population of nurses employed at medical city in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A self-report survey was employed to gather data from 300 nurses at the selected medical city in Riyadh. The survey incorporated a demographic inquiry along with the utilization of the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5). The ProQOL scale is one of the most widely used measures of CS, CF, and burnout. The ProQOL scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences (ie CS, CF, and burnout). This survey was disseminated through email channels, and it garnered participation from 177 nurses, culminating in a response rate of 59%. Results: The study's findings reveal that nurses displayed average mean levels of CS, CF, and burnout. Interestingly, the participants aged 18-56 reported higher levels of burnout, particularly those in the age groups of 18-25, 26-35, and 36-56. Moreover, those with under 10 years' experience exhibited higher degrees of burnout and less CS compared to their more experienced counterparts. Additionally, nurses with professional qualifications demonstrated better scores on CS, CF, and burnout compared to those without such qualifications. Conclusion: The experience of CF and CS among nurses appears to be influenced by multiple variables, such as length of experience, age, and professional qualifications. Nurses in certain age groups and with less experience are more prone to experiencing burnout, while having professional qualifications seems to protect against adverse outcomes to some extent.

Compassion fatigue prevalence and risk factors among Saudi psychiatric nurses: A cross-sectional study.

In recent times, compassion fatigue is increasingly being recognized as a damaging outcome associated with the stress experienced by psychiatric nurses. In addition to affecting their job performance work-related stress undermines nurses' physical and emotional well-being. However, there is a lack of research on compassion fatigue that specifically focuses on psychiatric nurses working in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with compassion fatigue among Saudi psychiatric nurses. The study participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Arabic form of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, t-tests, the Levene test, and multiple linear regression, were employed to assess variables related to compassion fatigue. The survey spanned 158 psychiatric nurses from the Mental Health Complex located in Riyadh City. The mean scores for compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress were 39.72 ± 6.881, 24.29 ± 5.386, and 26.94 ± 6.973, respectively. The analysis revealed that variables such as age range (36-55 years) and an associated degree or lower explained 5.2% of the variance in compassion satisfaction. Age range (18-25 years), exercise frequency, and years of nursing experience collectively accounted for 8.4% of the variables contributing to burnout. The age range (25 to 35 years) and working night shifts also explained 5% of the variance in secondary traumatic stress. The findings indicated that compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress among the population of psychiatric nurses working in Saudi Arabia were at a moderate level. A higher frequency of healthy lifestyle practices, such as regular exercise, and being in an older age range, were positively associated with compassion satisfaction and negatively associated with burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

The Correlation Between Night Shift Work Schedules, Sleep Quality, and Depression Symptoms.

Purpose: Poor sleep and depressive symptoms are two negative effects of night shift work on physical and mental health. This study evaluated the correlation between sleep quality and depression symptoms among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, we assessed depressive symptoms and sleep quality observed among nurses who worked night shifts and compared the outcomes with those who worked exclusively day shifts in hospital settings. Patients and Methods: A total of 191 participants (55.5% men, 44.5% women) participated. The response rate was 63.6%. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess depression score and sleep quality, respectively. Results: Nurses who worked night shifts had substantially higher PSQI ratings (p<0.05) than those who worked day shifts. In addition, there was a clear relationship between the HADS and PSQI scores. According to the binary logistic regression, longer working hours and inadequate sleep were both independently linked to depressive symptoms among nurses. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality brought on by night shifts may explain why Saudi nurses who work night shifts experience higher rates of depression than those who work day shifts only.

Diet quality as a mediator in the relationship between perceived stress and depression among family caregivers of patients with chronic illness in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation between caregivers' perceived stress and depression and the mediating role of diet in this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed from January to August 2022 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Utilizing the Stress Scale, the Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, researchers assessed levels of perceived stress, diet quality, and depression. A bootstrap approach and the SPSS PROCESS macro were used to assess the importance of the mediation effect. The target population was family caregivers of patients with chronic illness at Medical City in Saudi Arabia. Researchers surveyed a convenience sample of 127 patients, with 119 providing complete data for a response rate of 93.7%. A significant correlation was found between depression and perceived stress (ß = 0.438, p < 0.001). Diet quality mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress (ß = 0.187, p = 0.018). The importance of the indirect effect of perceived stress through diet quality was supported by the nonparametric bootstrapping method (95% bootstrap CI = 0.010, 0.080). The indirect effect of diet quality explained 15.8% of the overall variation in depression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to clarify the mediating effects of diet quality on the relationship between perceived stress and depression.