Determinants of Intention to Uptake COVID-19 Vaccination Among Saudi Adults: Application of the Health Belief Model.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has had a profound effect on global health. Due to its potential impact on the efficacy of pandemic control measures, vaccine hesitancy (VH) in relation to COVID-19 has emerged as a significant concern. The attainment of herd immunity is contingent on the rate of COVID-19 vaccine adoption. Despite this, there have been reports of reluctance toward the COVID-19 vaccine. This study seeks to investigate the effect of constructs that influence adults' intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting Saudi Arabian adults as participants. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the proposed HBM model was evaluated. A total of 505 individuals replied to the survey. Results: The suggested HBM model explained 68% of the variation in intention to get COVID-19 immunization. I found all HBM variables namely perceived susceptibility, greater levels of perceived behavioral control, severity, benefits, and barriers to be significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Among demographic variables, only married status had a significant relationship with the intention to obtain COVID-19 immunization. Discussion: The findings of this study indicate that the HBM can be utilized effectively to obtain insight into the factors that influence COVID-19 prevention measure adherence. Understanding and recognizing individuals' perceived health beliefs and practices is essential for the development of effective COVID-19 intervention strategies.

Predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake: Comparing the health belief model and theory of planned behavior.

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the global health landscape, underscoring the crucial role that vaccinations play in achieving herd immunity and reducing the effects of pandemics. Given the importance of this issue, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that influence individuals' decisions to seek vaccination. This study aimed to compare the prediction level of the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a combined model in explaining the intention of adults to receive COVID-19 immunization. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults (n = 505) in Saudi Arabia. The survey contained variables related to the HBM and TPB. The prediction level of the two models as well as a combined model were evaluated utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among the recruited 505 participants, 88% fell within the 18 to 30 age range, and 54.5% were male. The proposed HBM model accounted for 68% of the variation in intention, whereas the TPB model explained 78.2% of the variation in COVID-19 vaccination intention. The combined model showed greater explanatory power (82%). The variables of susceptibility (ß = 0.20, p < .001), severity (ß = 0.49, p < .001), advantages (ß = 0.63, p < .001), and obstacles (ß = - 0.24, p < .001), perceptions of behavioral control (ß = 1.58, p < .001) and attitudes (ß = 0.44, p < .001) were found to significantly predict increased vaccination intentions in the combined model. However, the subjective norm construct did not significantly predict vaccination intentions (ß = 0.06, p = .34). The TPB has greater explanatory power than the HBM in predicting the intention to obtain COVID-19 vaccination. However, the combined model showed a greater prediction level. Understanding and identifying people's perceived health beliefs and practices is critical for developing successful COVID-19 intervention methods.

Examining health sciences students' intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccination using the theory of planned behavior.

To examine the association between the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs and Health Sciences students' intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia by recruiting Health Sciences students as participants. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the proposed TPB model was evaluated. The sample of 505 individuals consisted of more males (n = 275; 54.5%) than females and was relatively young (88% were between the ages of 18 and 30). The suggested TPB model explained 78.2% of the variation in intention to get COVID-19 immunization. We found that greater levels of perceived behavioral control (ß = 1.58, p < .001) and attitude (ß = .44, p < .001) strongly predicted increased vaccination intentions. The subjective norm construct was not a significant predictor of vaccination intentions (ß = 0.06, p = .34). The findings of this study indicate that the TPB can be utilized effectively to obtain insight into the factors associated with COVID-19 adherence and help in the development of effective COVID-19 intervention strategies.