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Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a crucial connective tissue that links the femur to the tibia, playing a vital role in stabilizing the knee by resisting forward and rotational movements. ACL tears can occur due to both contact and non-contact sports injuries. Diagnosis and assessment typically involve the Lachman test and magnetic resonance imaging. Initial treatment focuses on reducing swelling, followed by physical therapy or surgery to restore long-term knee functionality. Objective This study aimed to assess the injury prevalence and awareness of ACL and the engagement of preventing training programs among Bahraini athletes across diverse sports. Methods A cross-sectional survey was utilized to evaluate injury prevalence and awareness of ACL and engagement in preventing training among 161 Bahraini athletes from different sports. Data were collected through a detailed questionnaire addressing demographics, sports involvement, ACL injury history, and preventive training. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests to compare knowledge across sports types. A chi-square test was performed to examine correlations between injury history and training. Results The results showed that athletes in full-contact sports exhibited significantly higher ACL injury awareness compared to those in semi-contact and non-contact sports. Furthermore, a higher percentage of athletes in semi-contact and non-contact sports reported a history of ACL injuries when compared to those in full-contact sports. However, there was no significant difference in the engagement of preventive exercise training across different sports categories. Conclusion A notable gap in ACL injury awareness exists among Bahraini athletes, varying significantly across sport types. The data highlight the need for customized educational programs catering to different sports.
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[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19623.].
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[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19551.].
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Purpose of Review: Several studies have found that medical students have a significant prevalence of sleep issues, such as poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and inadequate sleep duration. The purpose of this review is to carefully evaluate the current research on sleep problems among medical students and, as a result, estimate the prevalence of these disturbances. The EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science and retrieved article reference lists were rigorously searched and rated for quality. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to compute estimates. Recent Findings: The current meta-analysis revealed an alarming estimated pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality (K = 95, N = 54894) of 55.64% [95%CI 51.45%; 59.74%]. A total of 33.32% [95%CI 26.52%; 40.91%] of the students (K = 28, N = 10122) experienced excessive sleepiness during the day. The average sleep duration for medical students (K = 35, N = 18052) is only 6.5 h per night [95%CI 6.24; 6.64], which suggests that at least 30% of them get less sleep than the recommended 7-9 h per night. Summary: Sleep issues are common among medical students, making them a genuine problem. Future research should focus on prevention and intervention initiatives aimed at these groups. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5.
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Methamphetamine is the second most commonly abused drug worldwide. It is a sympathomimetic agent that works by inhibiting the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Methamphetamine use is associated with early mortality, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of increased mortality. We discuss the case of a 41-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a sudden abdominal pain of eight hours' duration. The pain was located in the epigastric area with radiation to the back. Upon examination, the patient appeared agitated and diaphoretic. His pupils were dilated bilaterally. His vital signs included tachycardia (120 bpm), tachypnea (24 bpm), hypertension (150/90 mmHg), and normal temperature (36.9 â). Abdominal examination revealed a soft and lax abdomen with no tenderness. His bowel sounds were normal. Given the physical signs, a toxicology screen was conducted and was positive for methamphetamine use. The patient reported that he used recreational drugs occasionally and admitted that the abdominal pain developed a few hours following methamphetamine use. The patient was treated with fluid resuscitation, analgesic, antihypertension medications, and anticoagulant therapy. The patient had significant improvement in his condition within 48 hours with complete resolution of the abdominal pain. Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection is a very rare clinical condition. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing the cardiovascular adverse effects that may develop after methamphetamine use.
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Pediatric convulsive seizure is common and represents a source of major concern and anxiety for the parents. Seizures can have a broad spectrum of etiologies in children, including metabolic, traumatic, developmental, and infectious causes. Depending on the clinical presentation, laboratory testing and neuroimaging may be indicated in the workup of the first unprovoked afebrile seizure. We present a case of a six-year-old boy who was brought to the emergency department by his mother after an episode of convulsion. She reported that he had jerky repetitive movements of all extremities that lasted around two minutes with spontaneous termination. The child did not have a febrile illness. The mother reported no history of similar episodes. Upon examination, the child appeared alert and conscious. No dysmorphic features were evident. Initial laboratory investigations were within the normal limits. The child underwent magnetic resonance imaging for the brain, which demonstrated a large well-defined extra-axial cystic lesion occupying most of the left hemisphere that is connected to the ventricular system. The lesion had no grey-matter lining and it strictly followed the cerebrospinal fluid in all sequences. Such finding represented the diagnosis of a giant left porencephalic cyst. Porencephaly is an extremely rare neurological anomaly that may present with pediatric seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard modality for the diagnosis of porencephaly. The case demonstrated that porencephaly can have a massive size in a patient with normal psychoneurological development.