Asunto(s)
Ajo , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Sodio/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Color , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Odorantes , GustoRESUMEN
The word association (WA) technique was used to investigate the perception of two groups of consumers (72 celiac and 78 non-celiac individuals; 150 in total) to pizza dough (thick or thin) and the raw material used at the manufacture (cassava flour or rice flour). Different perceptions of the four stimuli were detected by Chi-square test (X2=314.393, p<0.0001) for both groups. Seven categories were used for both groups: food/composition, health, doubt/uncertainty, novelty, negative feelings, positive feelings, and sensory aspects. The stimulus 'pizza dough made with cassava flour' was associated with the category "food/composition" and the stimuli 'pizza made with rice flour', 'pizza made with cassava flour' and 'thin dough' were associated with "positive feelings". The stimulus 'thick dough' was related only to the category "negative feelings". WA indicated that gluten-free pizza should have thin dough and us cassava flour or rice flour as the raw material.
Asunto(s)
Pan , Enfermedad Celíaca , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Dieta Sin Gluten , Manihot , Oryza , Adolescente , Adulto , Dieta Sin Gluten/psicología , Emociones , Femenino , Harina , Glútenes , Humanos , Masculino , Manihot/química , Procesos Mentales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oryza/química , Triticum/química , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study evaluated the haematological changes in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with 1 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of Enterococcus sp. in the swim bladder. The experiment consisted of four treatments in triplicates: non-injected fish (NI); fish injected with 1 mL of sterile saline solution 0.65% (SAL); fish injected with 1 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus diluted in 1 mL sterile saline. Twenty-four hours after injection, the fish were anesthetized and the blood collected. The haematological tests included red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hematocrit, number of total thrombocytes, and differential counting of WBC. Fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus showed a higher number of thrombocytes than the other treatments. White blood cell and lymphocyte numbers increased significantly in fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus when compared to non-injected control. There was significant increase in the number of neutrophils in saline injected fish and reduced number of monocytes after injections with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus. Hematocrit increased in fish injected with 1 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus.
Asunto(s)
Cíclidos , Enterococcus , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Cíclidos/sangre , Cíclidos/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/sangre , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
This study evaluated the haematological changes in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of Enterococcus sp. in the swim bladder. The experiment consisted of four treatments in triplicates: non-injected fish (NI); fish injected with 1 mL of sterile saline solution 0.65 percent (SAL); fish injected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus diluted in 1 mL sterile saline. Twenty-four hours after injection, the fish were anesthetized and the blood collected. The haematological tests included red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hematocrit, number of total thrombocytes, and differential counting of WBC. Fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus showed a higher number of thrombocytes than the other treatments. White blood cell and lymphocyte numbers increased significantly in fish injected with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus when compared to non-injected control. There was significant increase in the number of neutrophils in saline injected fish and reduced number of monocytes after injections with 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus. Hematocrit increased in fish injected with 1 x 10³ and 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL of Enterococcus.
Este estudo avaliou alterações hematológicas em tilápia do Nilo infectada experimentalmente com 1 x 10³ e 1 x 10(6) unidades formadoras de colônia (CFU)/mL de Enterococcus sp. na bexiga natatória. O experimento consistiu de quatro tratamentos com três repetições cada: peixes não injetados (NI); peixes injetados com 1 mL de solução salina a 0,65 por cento esterilizada (SAL); peixes injetados com 1 x 10³ e 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL de Enterococcus diluída em 1 mL de solução salina esterilizada. Vinte e quatro horas após as injeções, os peixes foram anestesiados com benzocaína e o sangue coletado. Os testes hematológicos incluíram as contagens totais de eritrócitos (RBC), de leucócitos (WBC) e de trombócitos, o percentual do hematócrito e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Peixes injetados com 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL de Enterococcus mostraram maior número de trombócitos no sangue do que os dos outros tratamentos. O número de leucócitos totais e o número de linfócitos foram significativamente mais altos após injeção de 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL de Enterococcus, quando comparados ao controle não injetado. Houve aumento no número de neutrófilos nos injetados com salina e redução no número de monócitos nos injetados com 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL de Enterococcus. O hematócrito aumentou nos animais injetados com 1 x 10³ e 1 x 10(6) CFU/mL de Enterococcus.
