Narrative discourse in Persian-speaking patients with mild Alzheimer's disease.

Despite the significance of discourse impairments, they have not been thoroughly investigated in Persian-speaking patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to perform a multi-level analysis of narrative discourse in Persian-speaking patients with mild AD and to compare them with healthy elderly. METHODS: the study included 14 older adults with mild AD and a matched group of 14 healthy elderly. Using a storytelling task based on serial pictures, both macro- and micro-linguistic aspects of narrative discourse were assessed. Cohesion ratio and coherence were investigated as macrolinguistic dimensions of discourse. The studied microlinguistic features included syntactic complexity and verbal errors (mostly involving phonological and semantic paraphasias and mazes). Severity of AD was determined using the Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR). RESULTS: there were significant differences between the groups regarding cohesion ratio (0.9 ± 0.34 vs. 1.29 ± 0.45, p = 0.02) and coherence scores (2.43 ± 0.41 vs. 3.02 ± 0.81, p = 0.03). Verbal errors and syntactic complexity did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSION: Persian-speaking patients with mild AD show macrolinguistic impairments in producing discourses based on picture description. Therefore, intervention protocols should focus on the ability to organize information on a specific subject and also to connect sentences produced using appropriate cohesive ties.

Apesar da significância das deficiências discursivas, elas não foram completamente investigadas em pacientes de fala persa com doença de Alzheimer (DA). OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma análise multinível do discurso narrativo em pacientes de língua persa com DA leve e compará-los com idosos saudáveis. MÉTODOS: o estudo incluiu 14 idosos com DA leve e um grupo pareado de 14 idosos saudáveis. Usando uma tarefa narrativa baseada em imagens seriais, os aspectos macro e microlinguísticos do discurso narrativo foram avaliados. Coesão e coesão foram investigadas como dimensões macrolinguísticas do discurso. As características microlinguísticas estudadas incluíram complexidade sintática e erros verbais (incluindo principalmente parafasias e labirintos fonológicos e semânticos). A gravidade da DA foi avaliada por meio do Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR). RESULTADOS: houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao coeficiente de correlação (0,9 ± 0,34 vs. 1,29 ± 0,45, p = 0,02) e escores de coerência (2,43 ± 0,41 vs. 3,02 ± 0,81, p = 0,03). Erros verbais e complexidade sintática não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes de língua persa com DA leve apresentam comprometimento macrolinguístico em produzir discursos baseados na descrição de figuras. Portanto, os protocolos de intervenção devem enfocar sua capacidade de organizar informações sobre um assunto específico e também conectar suas sentenças produzidas por laços coesos apropriados.

Narrative discourse in Persian-speaking patients with mild Alzheimer's disease / Discurso narrativo em pacientes de fala persa com doença de Alzheimer leve

ABSTRACT. Despite the significance of discourse impairments, they have not been thoroughly investigated in Persian-speaking patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: the aim of this study was to perform a multi-level analysis of narrative discourse in Persian-speaking patients with mild AD and to compare them with healthy elderly. Methods: the study included 14 older adults with mild AD and a matched group of 14 healthy elderly. Using a storytelling task based on serial pictures, both macro- and micro-linguistic aspects of narrative discourse were assessed. Cohesion ratio and coherence were investigated as macrolinguistic dimensions of discourse. The studied microlinguistic features included syntactic complexity and verbal errors (mostly involving phonological and semantic paraphasias and mazes). Severity of AD was determined using the Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR). Results: there were significant differences between the groups regarding cohesion ratio (0.9 ± 0.34 vs. 1.29 ± 0.45, p = 0.02) and coherence scores (2.43 ± 0.41 vs. 3.02 ± 0.81, p = 0.03). Verbal errors and syntactic complexity did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: Persian-speaking patients with mild AD show macrolinguistic impairments in producing discourses based on picture description. Therefore, intervention protocols should focus on the ability to organize information on a specific subject and also to connect sentences produced using appropriate cohesive ties.

RESUMO. Apesar da significância das deficiências discursivas, elas não foram completamente investigadas em pacientes de fala persa com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma análise multinível do discurso narrativo em pacientes de língua persa com DA leve e compará-los com idosos saudáveis. Métodos: o estudo incluiu 14 idosos com DA leve e um grupo pareado de 14 idosos saudáveis. Usando uma tarefa narrativa baseada em imagens seriais, os aspectos macro e microlinguísticos do discurso narrativo foram avaliados. Coesão e coesão foram investigadas como dimensões macrolinguísticas do discurso. As características microlinguísticas estudadas incluíram complexidade sintática e erros verbais (incluindo principalmente parafasias e labirintos fonológicos e semânticos). A gravidade da DA foi avaliada por meio do Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR). Resultados: houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto ao coeficiente de correlação (0,9 ± 0,34 vs. 1,29 ± 0,45, p = 0,02) e escores de coerência (2,43 ± 0,41 vs. 3,02 ± 0,81, p = 0,03). Erros verbais e complexidade sintática não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. Conclusão: pacientes de língua persa com DA leve apresentam comprometimento macrolinguístico em produzir discursos baseados na descrição de figuras. Portanto, os protocolos de intervenção devem enfocar sua capacidade de organizar informações sobre um assunto específico e também conectar suas sentenças produzidas por laços coesos apropriados.

Psychometric Properties of Voice Activity Participation Profile-Persian Version (VAPPP).

OBJECTIVES: Individuals with voice disorders may experience limits in activity and restricted participation in daily activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Voice Activity Participation Profile-Persian Version (VAPPP), a questionnaire which specifically investigates activity limitation and participation restriction in Persian-speaking individuals with voice disorders. METHOD: We completed a translation procedure according to World Health Organization guidelines, prior to administering the questionnaire to 208 participants (156 patients with dysphonia and 52 controls), each of whom completed the questionnaire. We examined various psychometric properties including item analysis, factor analysis, internal consistency, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and test-retest reliability were investigated for this questionnaire. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 27 items on the VAPPP were distributed across four factors and that the first question, which assesses self-perceived dysphonia severity, was grouped separately. All the four subscales and total VAPPP have high internal consistency and test-retest reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Job effects (α = 0.85; ICC = 0.96), daily communication effects (α = 0.96; ICC = 0.83), social communication effects (α = 0.91; ICC = 0.93), emotional effects (α = 0.94; ICC = 0.76), and total score (α = 0.97; ICC = 0.88) are presented. VAPPP scores in patients with dysphonia were significantly different from those of the healthy control group (P < 0.001). The VAPPP total score has a high correlation to the Voice Handicap Index (r = 0.86; P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: The VAPPP is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the quality of life of patients with dysphonia in Iran.

Relationship between Voice Complaints and Subjective and Objective Measures of Vocal Function in Iranian Female Teachers.

OBJECTIVES: Teachers are at high risk of developing voice problems because of the excessive vocal demands necessitated by their profession. Teachers' self-assessment of vocal complaints, combined with subjective and objective measures of voice, may enable better therapeutic decision-making. This investigation compared audio-perceptual assessment and acoustic variables in teachers with and without voice complaints. METHODS: Ninety-nine teachers completed this cross-sectional study and were assigned to one of two groups: those "with voice complaint (VC)" and those "without voice complaint (W-VC)." Voice samples were collected during reading, counting, and vowel prolongation tasks. Teachers were also asked to document any voice symptoms they experienced. Voice samples were analyzed using Dr. Speech program (4th version; Tiger Ltd., USA), and labeled "normal" or "abnormal" according to the "grade" dimension "G" from GRBAS scale. RESULTS: Twenty-one teachers were assigned to the VC group based on self-assessment data. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to self-reported voice symptoms of hoarseness, breathiness, pitch breaks, and vocal fatigue (P < 0.05). Fourteen participants in the VC group and 40 from the W-VC group were determined to demonstrate "abnormal" vocal quality on perceptual assessment. Only harmonic-to-noise ratio was significantly higher for the W-VC group (ES = 0.55). CONCLUSION: Teachers with and without voice complaints differed in the incidence, but not type of voice symptoms. Teachers' voice complaints did not correspond to perceptual and acoustic measures. This suggests a potential unmet need for teachers to receive further education on voice disorders.