A 9-year-old boy with a nonmalignant forehead tumor - a rare case of pediatric Pott's puffy tumor.

BACKGROUND: Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare and potentially deadly complication of frontal sinusitis consisting of subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with fever and soft tissue swelling of the forehead. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted an abscess in the subcutaneous tissue frontally and an epidural empyema, while a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan revealed bone erosion as a sign of osteomyelitis. The patient was treated accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: This rare condition is essential to keep in mind as it needs a multidisciplinary approach and relevant imaging to start proper treatment and thus decrease the risk of intracranial complications.

[Idiopathic precocious puberty is common in girls].

Precocious puberty (PP) in girls is common and mostly idiopathic due to precocious activation of the gonadotropic axis. In this review, we find it important to distinguish the normal variant of slightly early puberty from rapidly progressive cases. Abnormal harmony of puberty more likely warrants a pathological condition. In girls aged about eight years with confirmed idiopathic PP, observation for 3-6 months is reasonable in order to identify clinically progressive cases, who will benefit from intervention with an gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

[Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a 15-month-old child treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation]. / Pulmonalt interstitielt emfysem hos en 15 måneder gammel dreng behandlet med højfrekvent oscillerende ventilation.

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is a known complication of mechanical ventilation of preterm infants. PIE is associated with high mortality and treatment is controversial as both surgery and conservative treatment are possibilities. We present a case with a 15-month-old previously healthy child, hospitalized with severe respiratory distress. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed localized PIE. He was successfully treated.

[Aicardi syndrome as cause of severe epilepsy and mental retardation]. / Aicardis syndrom som årsag til svær terapirefraktær epilepsi og udviklingshæmning.

Aicardi syndrome is a very rare disease. It is characterised by a triad of callosal agenesis, infantile spasms and chorioretinal lacunae. Other congenital defects of the eyes, ribs and vertebrae and other malformations also occur frequently. Mental retardation and usually intractable seizures are constant features. Treatment is only symptomatic and the outcome is very severe in most cases. This case report describes a newly diagnosed patient with Aicardi syndrome. To our knowledge it is the second case diagnosed in Denmark.

[Moyamoya]. / Moyamoya.

The disease moyamoya is rare in Europe, but it is seen more frequently in Japan and other Asian countries. Moyamoya is characterized by progressing occlusion of the cerebral arteries and secondary development of pathological collateral vessels induced by ischaemia. This case report describes a newly diagnosed patient with moyamoya, who was referred to a paediatric clinic because of headache and involuntary movements and sounds. Due to the rare occurrence of moyamoya, the purpose of this case report is to draw attention to its diagnosis with a view to achieving an early diagnosis of the disease.

[Foetal akinesia-hypokinesia deformation sequence]. / Føtal akinesi-hypokinesi-deformationssekvens.

Foetal akinesia-hypokinesia deformation sequence (FADS) involves arthrogryposis, facial deformations, pulmonary hypoplasia, intrauterine growth retardation, polyhydramnios and short umbilical cord. FADS is caused by lack of foetal movements, most often due to neuromuscular diseases. FADS is associated with a high mortality rate, and the infants usually die due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound is possible when the condition is pronounced, or by genetic investigation, on suspicion of a specific underlying disease with known genetics.