[Perception of dating violence among adolescents. Transversal study.] / Percepción de violencia en el noviazgo entre los adolescentes. Estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVE: The violence produced in the context of dating is known as dating violence. Currently, it is a widespread problem in adolescence and there is a great lack of knowledge about the beliefs/attitudes that help perpetuate this phenomenon. This study aimed to assess how adolescents perceive dating violence. Additionally, to estimate the observed frequency of exposure of adolescents to different dating violence items, assessing the differences according to sex and educational level. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2022 among high school students coming from Spain (Galician Region) The data was collected by means of an anonymous online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data obtained was conducted. The observed frequency of adolescents' exposure to different items of dating violence and identification of violence was estimated. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportions according to sex and educational level. RESULTS: 410 students were included. 99% of the women perceived that it is not normal to control their partner's clothing compared to 88% of the men; in relation to the control of friendships these percentages were 87.6% and 73.1% and with respect to criticism of the partner 54.7% vs 67.9%, respectively in women and men. 46.8% of the students admitted knowing of cases in which they sent several messages a day to find out what their partner was doing. 21.7% referred to be aware of cases who felt fear of the partner. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of dating violence by women is higher. The largest differences between men and women are in the items of the control domain.

OBJETIVO: La violencia en la pareja que se produce en adolescentes se conoce con el nombre de violencia en el noviazgo. Actualmente, es un problema generalizado en la adolescencia y existe un gran desconocimiento al respecto de las creencias/actitudes que están ayudando a perpetuar este fenómeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de los adolescentes sobre esta violencia y estimar la frecuencia observada de exposición a diferentes ítems de violencia en el noviazgo, valorando las diferencias según sexo y nivel educativo. METODOS: Se realizó en 2022 un estudio transversal en cuatro centros educativos públicos de Galicia (España) que impartían Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. El muestreo de los centros fue de conveniencia. Se invitó a los estudiantes a contestar un cuestionario anónimo. Se estimó la frecuencia observada de exposición del estudiantado a diferentes ítems de violencia en el noviazgo y de identificación de la violencia. Para comparar las proporciones en función del sexo y del nivel educativo se empleó la prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 410 estudiantes. El 99% de las mujeres percibieron que no es normal controlar la vestimenta de la pareja frente al 88% de los hombres; en relación con el control de las amistades, estos porcentajes fueron del 87,6% y el 73,1%, en mujeres y hombres, respectivamente. Con respecto a las críticas a la pareja, estos porcentajes fueron del 54,7% frente al 67,9%, respectivamente en mujeres y hombres. El 46,8% del estudiantado admitió conocer casos que enviaban varios mensajes al día para saber qué estaba haciendo la pareja. El 21,7% refirió conocer casos que sentían miedo de su pareja. CONCLUSIONES: La percepción de violencia en el noviazgo es mayor por parte de las mujeres. Las mayores diferencias entre hombres y mujeres se observan en los ítems del dominio control.

Response Preparation Affects Cognitive Motor Control.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated how the ability to control whether or not to inhibit an action is affected by the response preparation. BACKGROUND: The ability to control actions is a central skill to properly behave in complex environments. Increased levels of response preparation are associated with reduced response times, but how they directly affect the ability to control actions is not well explored. We investigated how the response preparation affects the ability to control the generation of actions in the context of a stop selective task. METHOD: Participants performed a visuo-motor stop selective task. RESULTS: We found that an increased level of response preparation reduced the ability to control actions. In the condition with high preparation, we observed shorter response times and increased probability of wrong responses to a request to stop, compared to a condition with a lower level of preparation. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that high response preparation hinders action control. APPLICATION: Understanding the cognitive factors that affect the ability to properly control actions is crucial to develop devices that can be exploited in different contexts such as the aviation, industrial, and military. We demonstrated that subjects' response preparation is a key factor influencing their ability to flexibly control their reaction to different stimuli. This study offers a suitable paradigm that can be used to investigate which system features in a controlled task promote an optimal balance between response speed and error rate.