Incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients in Ludhiana, India.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients and to evaluate the completeness of case ascertainment in Ludhiana. METHODS: This population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Ludhiana, Punjab, Northwest India. All first-ever stroke patients (≥18 years) were included between March 2010 and March 2013 using WHO Stepwise Approach Surveillance methodology from the city. Stroke patient data were obtained from hospitals, scan centers, and general practitioners, and details of deaths from the Municipal Corporation. RESULTS: Out of 7,199 stroke patients recruited, 3,441 were included in final analysis. The mean age was 59 ± 15 years. The annual incidence rate was 140/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 133-147) and age-adjusted incidence rate was 130/100,000 (95% CI 123-137). The annual incidence rate for stroke in the young (18-49 years) was 46/100,000 (95% CI 41-51). The case fatality at 28 days was 22%. Patients above 60 years of age (p = 0.03) and patients who were managed in public hospitals had poor survival (p = 0.01). Hot spots for cumulative incidence were seen in central and southern parts of the city, and hot spots for poor outcome were seen in the outskirts of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates are similar to other studies from India. Stroke patient survival is poor in public hospitals. The finding of spatial analysis is of public health significance for stroke prevention and strengthening of stroke services.

Establishment of population-based stroke registry in Ludhiana city, northwest India: feasibility and methodology.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) initiated the Task Force Project to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a population-based stroke registry in Ludhiana city, Punjab, Northwest India. METHODS: All first-ever, stroke patients over 18 years from the city of Ludhiana were included in the study from March 26th 2010 to March 25th 2011. Stroke information was collected based on the WHO STEPS approach from the participating hospitals, scan centres and doctors. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was administered by telephonic interview at 28 days after stroke. The information on stroke deaths was obtained from the Municipal Corporation (MC) office. RESULTS: A total of 905 first-ever stroke patients were documented. After excluding duplicate cases and patients from outside the city, 493 patients were included. The practical issues identified in data collection from these centres were reluctance to take informed consent, lack of willingness to share the data, difficulty to identify key persons from each centre, retrieving medical records from public hospitals and poor documentation of deaths in MC office. CONCLUSION: Population-based stroke registry was feasible in an urban population with the above methodology. The issues related to feasibility were identified and necessary changes were made for the main phase of the registry.