Sustainability in maritime transport: Selecting ballast water treatment for a bulk carrier.

The study provides a comprehensive assessment of ballast water treatment systems (BWTS) selection regarding crucial parameters such as energy efficiency, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions. The focus of the study is investigating the environmental impacts of BWTS and how these impacts can be considered in decision-making processes. In this context, it comprehensively analyzes the importance of decision-making parameters and the environmental consequences of BWTS applications. The potential impacts of the system on the sustainability of the maritime industry are highlighted. In this context, seven different BWTSs for a bulk carrier of 83,000 deadweight tonnes are evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Preference Ranking Technique by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). According to the analysis, Operational Expenditure (0.314508), Capital Expenditure (0.249515), and Capacity (0.159952) are the most critical factors. Among the seven systems analysed, product G (0.8561137) emerges as the most suitable option. The analysis represents 3% of total emissions (456.5 tonnes CO2) and highlights the impact of BWTS on CO2 emissions. The results underline the need for innovative approaches aimed at ensuring the long-term sustainability of the maritime industry.

Photophysicochemical behaviour and antimicrobial properties of monocarboxy Mg (II) and Al (III) phthalocyanine-magnetite conjugates.

Asymmetric Mg (II) or Al (III) phthalocyanine (containing a COOH group and 3-pyridylsulfanyl units) was conjugated via an amide bond to amino functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (AIMN) to form MgPc-AIMN or AlPc-AIMN conjugate, and characterized. The photophysicochemical behaviour of the phthalocyanine-AIMN conjugates was investigated and compared to the asymmetric Pcs and to the simple mixture of Pc with AIMNs without a chemical bond, (MPc-AIMN (mixed)). The directed covalent linkage of AIMNs to the asymmetrical metallopthalocyanines afforded improvements in the singlet oxygen (ФΔ) and triplet state quantum yield (ФT) as well as singlet oxygen lifetimes for the MPcs-AIMN-linked conjugates compared to MPc-AIMN (mixed) and MPcs alone. The asymmetric phthalocyanines and their conjugates showed effective antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria under illumination.

Synthesis and photophysical properties of peripherally and non-peripherally mercaptopyridine substituted metal free, Mg(II) and Al(III) phthalocyanines.

The syntheses and photophysical properties of metallophthalocyanines containing Mg(2+) and Al(3+) as central metal ions and their unmetallated derivative (complexes 3-8) tetra- substituted at the non-peripheral (α) and peripheral (ß) positions with 2-mercaptopyridine are reported. The trends in triplet and fluorescence quantum yields are described for these compounds. The complexes exhibited relatively high triplet quantum yields (Φ(T)) ranging from 0.33 to 0.54 and fluorescence quantum yields (Φ(F)) ranging from 0.02 to 0.29. Triplet state lifetimes of the complexes were long ranging from 120 to 460 µs, indicating a potential use of these complexes as photosensitizers.