Myofibroma of mandibular alveolus: A case report.

Phenotypic heterogeneity has been a complex phenomenon lately, fetching attention in tumour pathology. Myofibroblastic differentiation is one such example and, besides, functional heterogeneity contributes to the biological behaviour of the tumours. Myofibroma is a distinctive neoplasm of myofibroblasts with a low incidence rate in the oral cavity. A case of myofibroma in mandibular alveolus in an adult patient is reported here for its rarity and diagnostic dilemma.

Trigeminal neuralgia induced by odontogenic keratocyst associated with impacted supernumerary teeth: A rare case report.

Odontogenic keratocyst(OKC)is a cyst oftooth origin with an aggressive behavior including a high recurrence rate, it has been rechristened to keratocystic odontogenic tumor(KCOT) as it be the reflects its neoplastic nature. We report a case of KCOT in association with an impacted supernumerary tooth along with Trigeminal Neuralgia, that subsided by itself after removal of the cyst.

Comparison of 'sutureless' Transconjunctival and Subciliary Approach for Treatment of Infraorbital Rim Fractures: a Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare subciliary incision and 'sutureless' transconjunctival incision in the treatment of infraorbital rim fractures. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this prospective study, 40 patients with fractures of the infraorbital rim were selected and divided into 2 groups using random sampling technique. Group A patients were treated using 'sutureless' transconjunctival technique and group B patients were treated using subciliary approach. The following parameters were compared a) time taken, intraoperative ease of access, exposure achieved; b) clinical outcome and postoperative complications; c) Aesthetic outcome at intervals of 15 days, 1 month and 3 months. RESULTS: Total time taken for completion of surgery was lesser in group A patients. The presence of subconjunctival ecchymosis (at 1 month interval) and neurological deficit was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05) in the 'subciliary' group of patients. The transconjunctival approach showed better esthetic results and fewer post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: The subciliary approach gives good exposure of the infra-orbital rim and is better suited to reduce extensively displaced fractures of the infra-orbital rim. The transconjunctival approach is comparatively faster, gives better esthetic results and fewer post-operative complications but is technique sensitive and requires an additional lateral canthotomy in cases where more exposure is needed.

Hemifacial hypertrophy: Exploring new avenues of treatment modalities.

Congenital hemihyperplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterized by unilateral overgrowth of one or more body parts resulting in marked asymmetry. We are reporting here, a case of true hemifacial hypertrophy in a young female adult highlighting the clinical features and possible treatment options.

Ocular Injuries Associated with Midface Fractures: A 5 Year Survey.

AIM: The aim of this study is retrospective analysis of ocular injuries after maxillofacial trauma reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at V.S. Dental College and Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of ocular injuries following facial trauma from 2008 to 2013. RESULTS: Road traffic incident was the most common etiology (55.46 %). Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was the most common fracture associated with ocular injuries (67.22 %). Out of 119 patients, 5 had severe visual impairment and (0.84 %) had blindness. CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial trauma particularly that associated with Lefort II, Lefort III and Zygomatico maxillary complex fracture may lead to opthalmic injuries and even blindness. A thorough opthalmic examination should be carried out for every patient with maxillofacial trauma and suspected cases should be placed under closed observation so that immediate and active treatment can be taken if necessary.

Hereditary sensory and autosomal peripheral neuropathy-type IV: case series and review of literature.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) IV is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by a decrease in the number of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers of peripheral nerves which causes diminished or absent pain sensation leading to increase in self-mutilative habits. A retrospective study of eight cases ranging from age group of 4 to 17 years for oral and digital signs and symptoms is presented. All the patients showed congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis. Oral self-mutilations, such as autoextraction of teeth and severe bite injuries (with resultant scarring) of the finger tips and oral soft tissues (tongue, lip, and buccal mucosa) were found in most patients. Our study suggests that early diagnosis and specific treatment plan are important for prevention of characteristic of the oral as well as digital trauma associated with this disorder.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Rhizotomy in Treatment of Trigeminal neuralgia: A Prospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) often called as "Tic douloureux" is a syndrome characterized by paroxysmal facial pain, is one of the most painful and debilitating craniofacial pain disorders. The controversy regarding the etiology and treatment of TN still exists. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy (PRR) for TN, after failure of pharmacological management. METHOD: A nonrandomized, non comparative, descriptive, in vivo study of 15 patients with TN of maxillary and mandibular divisions of trigeminal nerve and patients with pain refractory to pharmacological management were done. It was performed as an O.P.D procedure. A routine follow up was done in all cases for 1 year. RESULTS: In a total of 15 patients, 8 female and 7 male patients were enrolled for the study. Early pain relief (immediately, postoperatively to 6 month) classified as excellent or good (successful), occurred in 12 of 15 patients (80 %). Fair or poor pain relief (unsuccessful) occurred in three patients (20 %).There was no mortalities and no major morbidity. SUMMARY: It was found that surgical treatment with PRR is a safe and effective way to manage patients with TN in whom pharmacologic therapy is either ineffective or not tolerated, with low side effects which are well tolerated.

"Transport distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of mandibular defects": our experience.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular defects usually involve a combination of osseous and soft tissue deficiency and are among the most challenging problems in maxillofacial surgery, many options are available for mandibular reconstruction. One of the options discussed in literature recently being distraction osteogenesis. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aims and objectives of the study were to evaluate clinically the technique of distraction osteogenesis to reconstruct mandibular defects, using indigenous transport distractors, and to evaluate the efficacy of Indigenous transport distraction osteogenesis device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, experimental study was designed to examine the use of transport distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of defects of the mandible. Four patients with defects of the mandible were subjected to distraction osteogenesis with indigenously manufactured distraction device. The regenerate was assessed clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: The results showed that the regenerate was clinically as hard as the adjacent unaffected mandible and radiologic evidence of bone regeneration was observed. The major advantage being regeneration of hard tissue and soft tissue components without the morbidity of donor site, so that functional rehabilitation of the patient is possible. CONCLUSION: Thus from our study it is shown that transport distraction osteogenesis using indigenous distractors is a reliable yet affordable option for reconstruction of mandibular defects.

Ankylosis of temporomandibular joint in children.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis or hypomobility involves fusion of the mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. It is a major clinical problem that affects many patients suffering from facial trauma, infection, or systemic disease. The treatment of TMJ ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of technical difficulties and a high incidence of recurrence. CASE REPORT: This report describes a case of a 4-year-old boy with inability to open mouth, diagnosed with unilateral right bony TMJ ankylosis. The surgical approach consisted of gap arthroplasty followed by vigorous physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: A detailed history, clinical and functional examination, radiographic examination facilitating correct diagnosis followed by immediate surgical intervention, and physiotherapy can help us to restore physical, psychological, and emotional health of the child patient.