[The evaluation of the efficiency of therapeutic and preventive measures in children aged 10-12 years with different degrees of caries intensity and the level of enamel resistance]. / Otsenka effektivnosti lechebno-profilakticheskikh meropriyatii u detei 10­12 let s raznoi stepen'yu intensivnosti kariesa i urovnem rezistentnosti emali.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures for children aged 10-12 years with varying degrees of caries intensity and enamel resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 308 children. We used the WHO technique (DMFT) for examining children, a hardware method for detecting foci of enamel demineralization, which were recorded using the ICDAS II system. The level of enamel resistance was determined using the enamel resistance test. Three groups of children were formed depending on the intensity of caries: group 1 - DMFT = 0 (100 people); group 2 - DMFT =1-2 (104 people); group 3 - DMFT ≥3 (104 people). Each of the groups was divided into 4 subgroups depending on the use of therapeutic and prophylactic agents. RESULTS: After carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures for 12 months, it was possible to reduce the number of foci of enamel demineralization by 23.26% and avoid the formation of new carious cavities. CONCLUSION: The planning of therapeutic and preventive measures should be personalized depending on the degree of intensity of caries and the level of resistance of tooth enamel.

[Implementation of the prevention program in the school dentistry system in the context of healthcare modernization]. / Realizatsiya programmy profilaktiki v sisteme shkol'noi stomatologii v usloviyakh modernizatsii zdravookhraneniya.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to develop and implement a program for the prevention of dental diseases for school-age children based on an individual approach to treatment and preventive measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1848 children aged from 6 to 17 were examined. The main observation group consisted of children from school No. 1694 in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow (935 children), the comparison group with no prevention program consisted of children from school No 1206 (913 children) of the same Moscow district. The effectiveness of the prevention program was assessed in key age groups of children 6, 12 and 15 years old. The prevention program included the study of dental morbidity, assessment of the level of oral hygiene of children, parents and teachers, conducting sanitary and educational work, teaching children hygiene and monitoring its implementation, developing and implementing the individual plan of therapeutic and preventive measures for children of all age groups. RESULTS: As a result of the prevention program, the number of healthy children without caries increased. The introduction of a prevention program showed its effectiveness, the reduction of caries growth among 12-years-old children who participated in the prevention program over 5 years was 37%, and the number of healthy children increased by 15%. CONCLUSION: Carrying out a prevention program at school has shown that coordinated actions of parents, teachers and dentists lead to an improvement in the condition of hard tissues of the permanent teeth of schoolchildren, a decrease in the risk of inflammatory periodontal diseases in adolescence, and an improvement in the quality of individual oral hygiene. Of particular importance is the presence of a dental office and a dental hygienist in the school, for the possibility of carrying out preventive measures for children of all age groups.

[Department of dental diseases prevention of the Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery]. / Otdelenie profilaktiki stomatologicheskikh zabolevanii FGBU NMITs «TsNIIS i ChLKh¼.

The article is devoted to the creation and development history of the Dental Diseases Prevention department in National Medical Research Center of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia. The main scientific and clinical achievements of the department's staff are presented in chronological order. The main directions of the scientific and clinical activities of the department are currently: the study of various factors affecting dental morbidity; the development of regionally-oriented programs for the prevention of dental diseases; organizational and methodological guidance and monitoring of primary prevention activities in organized groups of children and adolescents; the implementation of a set of measures for the primary prevention of dental diseases among adolescents and adult population applying to the polyclinic; introduction into practice of new methods and means of prevention and treatment of dental diseases; testing of new methods and means of prevention corresponding to the profile of the department, providing dental care to adolescents and adults; raising the level of theoretical knowledge and training practical skills in the prevention of dental diseases of medical personnel of healthcare institutions; promotion of sanitary and hygienic knowledge among the population.

[Biomimetic strategy of a hybrid biointerface creation between native human dental tissue and dental composite]. / Biomimeticheskaya strategiya v osnove sozdaniya gibridnogo biointerfeisa mezhdu nativnoi zubnoi tkan'yu cheloveka i stomatologicheskim kompozitom.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the studyis the peculiarities of the molecular composition of the biointerface between the native human dental tissue and the dental composite, created in an alkaline environment, based on synchrotron chemical infrared micro-mapping. MATERIAL AND METHODS: When creating a biomimetic interface under alkaline conditions, we used an original bioprimer, dentin conditioner, nanofilled universal adhesive, and a light-curing compomer based on BIS-GMA. RESULTS: Biointerface analysis was carried out on the basis of chemical infrared micro-mapping, implemented using the equipment of the Australian Synchrotron, and subsequent multivariate cluster analysis of the collected spectral data array. It was shown that the use of a primer modified with a set of polar amino acids additionally facilitated the opening of dentinal tubules and the penetration of the bioprimer components into the dentin with the formation of a deeper transitional hybrid layer. At the same time, modification of the Bis-GMA adhesive using nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, which has a structural and morphological organization similar to natural dental tissue apatite, led to an increase in the degree of conversion of the used adhesive material during polymerization. CONCLUSION: Using a biomimetic strategy and nanocrystals of carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite as a filler of a universal adhesive, the necessary conjugation at the interface with dentin can be achieved without disrupting the polymerization processes, as well as preserving the natural structural complexity of the intact tissue, which makes it possible to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient.

[Modern instrumental methods for early diagnosis of dental caries]. / Sovremennye apparaturnye metody rannei diagnostiki kariesa zubov.

An overview of the existing devices on the world market for detecting foci of demineralization and hidden carious cavities is presented, their capabilities and principle of operation are analyzed. Dental morbidity among the children's population in our country remains high, which is largely due to insufficient attention to the identification and registration of initial foci of enamel demineralization. The study made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of existing hardware methods for early diagnosis of caries in children and adults.

[Efficiency of the transillumination method in the diagnosis of caries of permanent teeth in children]. / Effektivnost' metoda transillyuminatsii v diagnostike kariesa postoyannykh zubov u detei.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to increase the effectiveness of early diagnosis of dental caries in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological survey of 678 children (351 of them girls and 327 boys) aged 6-12 years was conducted in the cities of Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Territory (582 people) and Moscow (96 people). By the method of randomization, 450 people were selected, who were divided into three age groups: I gr. - 6-7 years; II gr. - 8-9 years old; III gr. - 10-12 years. In each age group, the children were conditionally divided into three subgroups (50 people each) depending on the rate of caries intensity (DMFT=0, DMFT=1-2, DMFT≥3). In children with different indexes of the DMFT, the informativeness of identifying foci of demineralization of the enamel of erupted incisors, molars, canines and premolars was assessed by visual inspection, vital staining and using an apparatus based on the transillumination method. RESULTS: As a result of an epidemiological survey of children in Moscow, caries prevalence levels were low at 6-7 years old and average at 8-9 and 10-12 years, and in Novorossiysk children: low - at 6-7 years and high - at 8- 9 and 10-12 years. Children of 6-12 years old in Moscow have an average level of intensity of caries, and children of Novorossiysk have an average level of 6-7 and 10-12 years, a high level of 8-9 years. During clinical examination of 450 children from 6 to 12 years old, 6.840 permanent teeth were examined. A comparative analysis of the detection of foci of enamel demineralization visually and using the apparatus showed that the apparatus method revealed significantly more teeth with foci of enamel demineralization. CONCLUSION: This device can be recommended for use in wide clinical practice, given its efficiency and low cost in comparison with other known devices.

[Spectroscopic studies of the molecular composition of the dentinal and gingival fluids and their diagnostic potential for preventive screening of dentin caries]. / Spektroskopicheskie issledovaniya molekulyarnogo sostava dentinnoi i desnevoi zhidkostei i ikh diagnosticheskii potentsial dlya preventivnogo skrininga kariesa dentina.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the work is a spectroscopic investigation and comparison of the molecular composition of dentine and gingival fluids as well as of their diagnostic potential for the preventive screening of dentin caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Applying infrared spectroscopy including synchrotron radiation the samples of biological fluids taken from the oral cavity (dentine fluid, fluid from the gingival sulcus and blood) were studied for the patients with the progressive dentine caries. The part of this research was undertaken with the infrared microspectroscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. RESULTS: Dentine and gingival fluids were shown to have no less complicated composition than the blood serum. Having all this in mind, in spite that these two fluids are derivatives of the blood serum, and a majority of the molecular groups observed in all of the three fluids can be detected in their IR-spectra, it follows that there is a number of signature modes that are in fact present in the IR spectra of only dentine and gingival fluids. This fact indicates at the molecular exchange between them under certain conditions. It means the high diagnostic potential in the study of the pathologic processes occurring in the oral fluid of a human. We have observed and fixed an increase of thiocyanates and esters in the samples of both dentine and gingival fluids under the development of dentin caries. CONCLUSION: Utilization of the gingival fluid for screening taking into account that its sampling is not such a complicated challenge as dentine fluid sampling will promote a transition to the personalized medicine, the development of high-technology healthcare and technology of the health preservation as a whole.

[Epidemiological rationale for community-based programs of caries prevention of permanent teeth for children of Samara city]. / Épidemiologicheskoe obosnovanie kommunal'nykh programm profilaktiki kariesa postoiannykh zubov dlia detei Samary.

INTRODUCTION: The global objectives of WHO in the field of oral health by 2020 include the average intensity of caries among 12-year-old children no more than 1.5 by the DMFT index. In Samara the value of the DMFT among the adolescents at age 12 is 3.5. AIM: To identify the appropriate timing for a launching of community-based schemes of dental caries prevention of permanent teeth for children of Samara. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a cross-sectoral multisample research from March to May 2017, the time of eruption and intensity of caries of the first permanent molars among children in Samara were studied. A total of 405 children aged 5 to 8, attending preschool and school educational institutions were examined. The quantity and the stage of eruption of the first permanent molars were assessed; the initial and manifest forms of caries were considered during the calculation of indexes of caries intensity of teeth and surfaces. RESULTS: One to four first permanent molars were erupted among 26.3% of children aged 5, at an average 0.6±0.14 per one surveyed, the prevalence of caries of the first permanent molars was equal to 1.3%, including 1.3% of the initial carious defeats. In 6-year-old children - 65% had the first permanent molars, at an average of 2.38±0.199, and the prevalence of caries in these teeth was 29.63%, including initial forms of caries 27.16%. The results among 7-year-old children - 87.18% and 3.12±0.156, 60.3% and 51.28%, respectively. In 8-year-old children these figures were equal: 97.26%, 3.79±0.091, 68.49% and 60.27%, respectively. The rate of eruption of the first permanent molars and the prevalence of their carious lesions among girls was significantly higher than among boys. CONCLUSION: The optimal age of children of Samara for inclusion in the regional programs of dental caries prevention is the age of 4 years - the age of the beginning of the first permanent molar eruption.

[Spectroscopic studies of the changes occurring in the molecular composition of oral fluid in people with multiple caries]. / Spektroskopicheskie issledovaniia izmenenii v molekuliarnom sostave rotovoi zhidkosti u liudei s mnozhestvennym kariesom zubov.

The changes in molecular composition of mixed saliva (oral fluid) were analyzed with the use of spectroscopic techniques for the patients with multiple caries. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies including synchrotron radiation for the excitation certain features were detected in the IR-spectra of the oral fluid. Mineral-organic, carbon-phosphate, AmidII/AmidI and protein/thiocyanate ratios were calculated for the groups of patients with multiple caries and patients of the control group. Complex analysis of the obtained experimental data enabled to determine that in the oral fluid of the persons with multiple caries as compared with the control group content of the mineral groups and complexes is reduced while the share of organic component is increased. Content of thiocyanate increases by more than two times and there appear carboxyl groups of esters, lipids and carbohydrates. The detected features in IR-spectra of mixed saliva as well as the changes found in its molecular composition based on the calculated ratios between organic and inorganic components can be used as biomarkers of cariogenic condition in the oral cavity. It can be used as a diagnostic criterion in the analysis of the oral fluid samples taken from the patients.

[The role of school dental service in the decrease of oral pathology in Omsk pediatric population]. / Rol' shkol'noi stomatologii v snizhenii stomatologicheskoi zabolevaemosti detei Omska.

The aim of the study is to analyze the oral health of school-aged children in Omsk in schools with and without dental service and to assess the efficacy of school dental service for the prevention of oral diseases. In 2016-2017 1103 12 and 15-years old were examined in school with dental service functioning for 15 years and in one with the absence of dental service for the last 21 years. The study revealed lack of preventive approach in school dental service. The main criterion for the assessment of preventive program realization and efficacy should be dental caries reduction and caries-free children rate but not the amount of treated and extracted teeth.

[The possibility of enamel remineralization in adults]. / Vozmozhnosti remineralizatsii émali zubov u vzroslykh.

The purpose of the study is comparative evaluation of modern mineralizing means and determine the effectiveness of dental caries prevention in adults. The study was conducted on 210 patients between the ages of 35 to 55 years old, divided into 6 equal groups with different means and modes of prevention (gel Tooth Mousse GC, Japan; gel Apaden-Pro Sangi, Japan; gel Fluokal Septodont, France). For dynamic monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention interventions used CPU index, OHI-S, the evaluation of cariesresistance by Nedoseko, acid biopsy of enamel. The most stable results after using gel Tooth Mousse; Apadent-Pro provides the fastest mineralization. Already after the first Apadent-Pro application was a high cariesresistance (Ca/P=1.80±0.41; p<0.01). While rubbing gel Tooth Mousse mineralization was growing gradually. In our view, it is appropriate to combine these medications: one or double rubbing gel Apadent-Pro combine with semi-annual course gel Tooth Mousse. Clinical data and laboratory studies on the effectiveness of the application of various means of preventing persons have senior age groups demonstrated that when personalized approach to the choice of the means of prevention and the multiplicity of their application It is possible to achieve increasing enamel cariesresistance and thus reduce the increase of caries in the population.

[Increased oral fluid remineraling function by endogenous and exogenous saturation methods of its mineral complexes]. / Povyshenie remineraliziruiushchei funktsii rotovoi zhidkosti s pomoshch'iu éndogennykh i ékzogennykh metodov nasyshcheniia ee mineral'nymi kompleksami.

RELEVANCE: One of the most common problems in modern caries prevention is the development of techniques to increase tooth resistance to the effects of cariogenic factors. Therefore, research is needed to study the chemical composition of tissues like teeth and body fluids surrounding the tooth to prevent demineralization process. The purpose of determining the effectiveness of work- and correlation relationship between endo saturation exogenous methods oral liquid mineral complexes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 95 patients analyzed the chemical composition and structure of the oral fluid by IR spectroscopy. For the collection of IR spectra used Verteh-70 spectrometer ('Bruker', Germany) and the prefix of frustrated total internal reflection PLATINUM ATR diamond prism. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A correlation between the use of endogenous and exogenous methods of caries prevention, in favor of the former, as well as changes in the mineral-organic and phosphate-carbon ratio in the dry residues of oral fluid.

[Oral health status in children with intellectual disability living in organized groups].

The aim of the study was to assess oral health status in in children with intellectual disability (ID) living in Moscow Orphanage №15. The study involved 91 children aged 12 (39 children) and 15 (52 children). Caries incidence and DMFT index, periodontal disease incidence, OHI-S and PMA index, malocclusions incidence were assessed at baseline examination. Caries incidence in 12 and 15 y.o. was moderate (53.85% and 56.0%, correspondingly), as well as DMFT (2.77±0.52 и 2.94±0.53 correspondingly). In 2 children with rumination syndrome all teeth were affected by caries and these children received dental treatment under general anesthesia 7 times during last 60 months. Periodontal disease incidence in 12 and 15 y.o. was 89.74% и 86.58%, correspondingly with very high OHI-S indicating unsatisfactory oral hygiene. Malocclusions incidence was 95% and 98%, correspondingly. Thus the main oral problem in children with ID is periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene. Differentiated oral hygiene education approach according to children's physical and intellectual abilities should be considered. Children with rumination syndrome should be addressed by neurologist prior to dental treatment which needs more radical approach.

[Dynamics of tooth decay prevalence in children receiving long-term preventive program in school dental facilities].

The paper presents the assessment of tooth decay prevalence in clinically homogenous groups of children receiving long-term preventive program (PP) in school dental facilities. Five-years PP were introduced in clinical practice in 2 Moscow schools. Preventive treatment was performed by dental hygienist. The results show that systematic preventive treatment in school dental offices starting from elementary school allows reducing dental caries incidence 46-53% and stabilize the incidence of caries complications. It should be mentioned though that analysis of individualized outcomes proves heterogeneity of study results despite of equal conditions of PP. Potentially significant hence is early diagnostics and treatment of initial caries forms as demineralization foci, especially in children with intensive tooth decay. Optimization of pediatric dentist and dental hygienist activity in school dental facilities is the main factor of caries prevention efficiency.

[Efficiency of preventive dental care in school dentistry system].

Ways of development of Russian school dentistry are defined and justified based on the analysis according to logistics, personnel, legal, financial and economic basis for the reorientation of the service for preventive direction, which should be a priority in the current conditions. The implemented model of school dental care based on team work of the dentist and dental hygienist proved to be highly efficient and may be recommended for wide introduction in practice.

[School stomatology condition in some regions of Russia].

Representative for the whole country study on school stomatology condition was performed in 9 regions of Russia. There were received data about the functioning of school stomatological rooms in 7165 schools including 3230 rural schools in which 1 606 138 children studied from which 33% were primaries. Several problems were disclosed in school dentistry system functioning including absence of unified licensing, manpower shortage, absence of stomatological rooms in new schools, re-equipment of earlier existed stomatological rooms by school administration decision, not allotment of dental hygienist into functioning. Necessity of school dentistry functioning reorganization into the side of stomatological diseases prevention was underlined.

[Long-term results of prevention of dental caries among children using fluoridated milk in city Maikop].

The prevalence of dental caries among preschool and school-age children in Maikop is a consistently high level. The purpose of this study was to examine the state of teeth in children aged 6, 9 and 12 years who drink fluorinated milk during three years they visit kindergartens. The results showed that the irregular production of fluoridated milk due to the economic crisis in the past three years made no possible to achieve adequate antidecay effect in preschool children. Remote prophylactic effect as a result of regular consumption of fluoridated milk registered among children aged 9 and 12 years. It show reducing the decay intensity by 30.9 and 33.2% respectively.

[Situation analysis for community regional preventing dental caries programme planning with water fluoridation use].

As the results of clarification of some technical parameters of community water supply systems, examination of 780 12-year-old children and F-concentration determination in 111 water samples in 13 cities (with population 50, 000 and more) of 7 regions of Russian Federation there were determined economical and technical conditions for planning and implementation regional communal dental caries preventing programmes with the use of water fluoridation. The received data in future let us make mapping of these regions for planning and choice substantiation of dental caries preventive programmes with endogenic use of fluoride.