Assessment of the potential interactions between favipiravir and radiocontrast agents.

BACKGROUND: In cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), favipiravir is commonly included to the therapy regimen. Drug interactions between favipiravir and other COVID-19 therapy drugs are frequently researched. However, no research on possible drug interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents, which have become almost crucial in diagnostic processes while not being part of the treatment, has been found. AIM: To determine potential medication interactions between Favipiravir and radiocontrast agents. METHODS: The study comprised patients who were taking Favipiravir for COVID-19 therapy and underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test while taking the medicine. The computerized patient files of the cases included in the study, as well as the pharmacovigilance forms in the designated hospital, were evaluated for this purpose. RESULTS: The study included the evaluation of data from 1046 patients. The study sample's mean age was 47.23 ± 9.48 years. The mean age of cases with drug interactions was statistically significant greater than that of cases with no drug interactions (P = 0.003). When evaluated with logistic regression analysis, a 1-year raises in age increases the risk of developing drug interactions by 1.63 times (P = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of medication interactions between the sexes (P = 0.090). Possible medication interactions were discovered in 42 cases (4%). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed that the most notable findings as a result of the combined use of contrast agents and favipiravir were increased creatinine and transaminase values, as well as an increase in the frequency of nausea and vomiting. The majority of drug interactions discovered were modest enough that they were not reflected in the clinic. Drug interactions become more common as people get older.

Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature.

PURPOSE: Awareness of normative values of extra orbital structures would provide useful information to interpret the radiological images better and use them for diagnostic purposes. This study aimed to reveal the average values of major extraocular structures measured on magnetic resonance images. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 256 orbits of 128 patients were re-interpreted regarding the measurements of major orbital structures. Extraocular muscles, superior ophthalmic vein, and optic nerve-sheath complex were measured on orbital MR images of these patients. The data distributions were presented by box-plot analyses for each parameter, and the measurement results were analyzed regarding gender and age groups. RESULTS: Lateral rectus muscle thickness (LR), inferior rectus muscle thickness (IR), globe position (GP), and interzygomatic line (IZL) values were higher in the male group than in the female group (p values were < 0.001, 0.003, 0.020, and < 0.001 respectively). LR, the thickness of the superior group muscles (SUP GR), IR, superior oblique muscle thickness (SOBL), and the thickness of optic nerve-sheath complex (ON) values indicated a significant relationship between age groups. There was a significant, positive, and low-level correlation between age and LR, SUP GR, and IR values (p values were < 0.001, 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study provides quantitative data on normative values of orbital structures with gender and age group comparisons. Clinicians or surgeons can easily use the measured values to gather diagnostic information from the orbital region.

Incidental findings of cervical magnetic resonance imaging: A retrospective reinterpretation of a large adult population.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine is one of the routine MRI scans of the cervical region in investigating spinal disc pathologies, spinal stenosis, and the detection of spinal lesions, which are the major parameters to be evaluated in this examination. Purpose: The authors of this study are focused on a different aspect of cervical MRI, revealing the incidences and reporting rates of extraspinal incidental findings. Methods: A total of 1000 patients (324 males, 676 females, mean age 47 ± 14) who had undergone an MRI of the cervical spine were enrolled in this study. The magnetic resonance (MR) images of these patients were re-interpreted with respect to the incidental extraspinal imaging findings. The incidence and reporting rate of each incidental finding encountered during the evaluation were presented in percentages. Results: 726 patients in this study had at least one incidental lesion. The results of this study revealed that the most common incidental lesions encountered during the reinterpretation of cervical MRI were nasopharyngeal mucosal thickening (n = 442) and thyroid hypertrophy (n = 231). The total reporting rate of incidental findings was 5.29%. Conclusion: There are many data to be reported and evaluated by MR imaging of the cervical spine, not only the main parameters of MRI scanning in the routine daily practice of radiologists. All our colleagues should be aware and careful of these incidental findings, which may be the initial medical data of the patients' diagnoses, or to avoid undesirable medicolegal problems.

Female ventral-onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty supported with martius labial fat pad flap: early results.

PURPOSE: There is a growing interest in reconstructive urology and female urethroplasty. We aimed to report our experience in ventral-onlay buccal mucosa graft (BMG) urethroplasty supported with Martius flap (MF) in treating female urethral stricture disease. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated data of 18 female patients (ages 35-78) who were diagnosed with urethral stricture disease and underwent ventral-onlay BMG urethroplasty supported with MF by single surgeon in a tertiary referral centre between February 2019 and October 2022. Detailed history, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), pelvic examination, urine flow rate (rate and pattern), post void residual (PVR), storage and voiding phase urodynamic study, and voiding cystourethrography were recorded. At the last visit; the number of urethral dilatations before urethroplasty, time from urethral dilation to urethroplasty, hospital stay, urethral catheterization time, postoperative IPSS, PVR and uroflowmetry values were recorded. RESULTS: The presenting symptoms were obstructive voiding symptoms in 16 patients. While the mean number of urethral dilatation was 2.11 ± 1.93 (1-7), the mean time from dilatation to urethroplasty was 5.83 ± 5.00 (1-19 months) months. Maximum flow rate increased from 8.36 ± 3.26 ml/sec in preoperative uroflowmetry to 21.45 ± 5.27 ml/sec at the last follow-up (p < 0.001). Post-void residual urine (PVR) decreased from preoperative mean 116.66 ± 105.88 cc to 26.94 ± 22.69 cc postoperatively (p < 0.004). None of the patients developed stricture recurrence, incontinence or vaginal fistula until the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 17.28 ± 11.65 (1-35) months. CONCLUSIONS: A ventral-onlay BMG urethroplasty supported with MF represents an effective and reproducible treatment option for FUS in the present study.

Can the change of vasomotor activity in irritable bowel syndrome patients be detected via color Doppler ultrasound?

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequently referred conditions to the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic. The pathophysiology of IBS has not been determined with certainty. Visceral hypersensitivity is indicated as one of the pathophysiologies. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily in charge of controlling the arteries, and its effect is vasospasm in the medium and large arteries, resulting in decreased blood flow. AIM: To demonstrate, using Doppler evaluation of the brachial artery, that sympathetic activity impairs vasomotor performance due to autonomic neuropathy, which we believe is associated with IBS. METHODS: There were 58 participants in the study. The control group consisted of 29 healthy patients, while the remaining 29 patients had been diagnosed with IBS. Patients who met the Rome IV criteria and had IBS were included in the study. People with known polyneuropathy or non-IBS chronic conditions that can progress were excluded from the trial, as were those with essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, or peripheral arterial disease, and patients diagnosed with anxiety or depression. Those with moderate to severe carpal tunnel syndrome or a median nerve lesion due to trauma were also excluded from the trial. A Doppler probe was used to measure the baseline diameter and flow rates of the brachial artery from 2 cm superior to the antecubital fossa. The Doppler probe remained stationary throughout the experiment, allowing for continuous measurements. Then, to activate the sympathetic fibers, an electrical stimulus for 5 s with an intensity of 10 mA and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied to the median nerve at the wrist level via the bipolar stimulus electrode. The artery diameter and flow rates were measured again immediately following the fifth stimulus. RESULTS: In healthy persons with no history of chronic illness, there was a statistically significant decrease in flow rate after stimulation (P < 0.001). In addition, stimulation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the diameter of the brachial artery (P < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with IBS had statistically significant vasodilation and an increase in flow rate. CONCLUSION: Sympathetic stimulation causes a reduction in vascular diameter and blood flow, whereas it has the reverse effect on IBS patients. In investigating the involvement of autonomic neuropathy in the development of IBS, significant changes in brachial artery Doppler parameters were observed before and after stimulation of the median nerve with low-current sensory stimulation. This method is thought to be more user-friendly and comfortable than other methods described in the literature.

Detection of tracheal branching with computerized tomography: The relationship between the angles and age-gender.

BACKGROUND: The data obtained on the anatomical knowledge of the tracheobronchial system can be used for diagnosis, treatment and interventional interventions in areas such as anesthesia, thoracic surgery, pulmonary physiology. AIM: To determine the tracheobronchial branching angles in pediatric and adult populations by using the multislice computed tomography (CT) and minimum intensity projection (MinIP) technique, which is a non-invasive method. METHODS: Our study was carried out retrospectively. Patients who underwent contrast and non-contrast CT examination, whose anatomically and pathophysiologically good tracheobronchial system and lung parenchyma images were obtained, were included in the study. Measurements were made in the coronal plane of the lung parenchyma. In the coronal plane, right main bronchus-left main bronchus angle, right upper lobe bronchus-intermedius bronchus angle, right middle lobe bronchus-right lower lobe bronchus angle, left upper lobe bronchus-left lower lobe bronchus angle were measured. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 1511 patients, 753 pediatric (mean age: 13.4 ± 4.3; range: 1-18 years) and 758 adults (mean age: 54.3 ± 17.3; range: 19-94 years). In our study, tracheal bifurcation angle was found to be 73.3° ± 13.7° (59.6°-87°) in the whole population. In the pediatric group, the right-left main coronal level was found to be higher in boys compared to girls (74.6° ± 12.9° vs 71.2° ± 13.9°, P = 0.001). In the adult group, the right-left main coronal level was found to be lower in males compared to females (71.9° ± 12.9° vs 75.8° ± 14.7°, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study, with the number of 1511 patients, is the first study in the literature with the largest number of patient populations including pediatric and adult demographic data, measuring the angle values of the tracheobronchial system using multislice CT and MinIP technique. Study data will not only be a guide during invasive procedures, but it can also guide studies to be done with imaging methods.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the spermatic cord: two cases and review of the literature.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a neoplasm of intermediate biological potential. Few cases of spermatic cord IMT have been reported in the literature. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a consequence of the proliferation of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Despite its benign nature, the tumor often clinically mimics intrascrotal malignancy and usually remains undiagnosed preoperatively. The diagnosis of spermatic IMT is difficult preoperatively due to the non-specific findings. Therefore, if testicular tumors cannot be precisely excluded, radical orchiectomy should be performed for the diagnosis and treatment. However, it mainly occurs in children and young adults; spermatic IMT may also be seen among elderly men. Here, we report two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving the spermatic cord. SIMILAR CASES PUBLISHED: There are seven cases entitled "inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of spermatic cord" in the literature. In our study we present two cases that had a spermatic cord IMT. Furthermore, one of these cases was 82 years of age and is the oldest patient presented in the literature.

Can proliferative hypertrophic scars of the median sternotomy incision predict the occurrence and characteristics of urethral stricture?

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between the characteristics of urethral stricture and incision scars in patients with urethral stricture and median sternotomy incision. Methods: We identified 368 patients who had undergone internal urethrotomy between January 2014 and December 2017. A total of 49 male patients with a median sternotomy scar and diagnosed with  urethral stricture were retrospectively evaluated. The median sternotomy incision scars were assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of patients with a VSS score of less than 4 points, and those with ≥4 points constituted group II. The groups were compared in terms of age, smoking habit, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urethral stricture etiology, length and localization, and stricture relapse after intervention. RESULTS: The mean total VSS score was 2.0 points in group I and 7.46 points in group II. There was a significant correlation between the VSS total score and the urethral stricture length among the whole study population (correlation coefficient value=0.481; p less than 0.001). The urethral stricture was longer as the VSS score increased. Conclusion: A poorly healed median sternotomy incision scar can predict a poor wound healing in the urethra tissue. Further large scale, multi-center and prospective studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

The effect of recurrent direct vision internal urethrotomy for short anterior urethral strictures on the disease course and the predictors of treatment failure.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the disease course after direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) for short anterior urethral strictures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients who underwent DVIU of the anterior urethra. Patients' age, etiology, length and localization of the strictures, total number of DVIU procedures, comorbidities, and other data were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 67.2 years. The mean followup duration was 27.1 months. Recurrence was observed in 27.6% of the patients. Recurrence had occurred in these patients at a mean of 12 months. Both the comorbidity score (rs=0.395; p<0.001) and the urinary tract infection (UTI) score (rs=0.492; p<0.001) had significant correlation with the recurrence. In patients with recurrent urethral stricture, as the number of DVIU increased, the length and number of the urethral stricture increased as well. Patients with recurrence had a single stricture in the first DVIU procedure, while the number of strictures increased to a mean of two in the second and/or third DVIU procedures. CONCLUSION: DVIU is an effective treatment method in short anterior urethral stricture if it has been applied as a first intervention. However, if the stricture recurs, repeated DVIU application appears to be a negative predictive factor. The presence of perioperative treated UTI, smoking, and total number of comorbidities were negative predictive factors for the recurrence of urethral stricture. The disadvantages of our study is that it is retrospective, it includes a low number of patients, and the followup period is short.

The relationship between histological prostatitis and lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function.

This prospective analysis assessed the effect of histological prostatitis on lower urinary tract functions and sexual function. The patients were separated into two groups as histologically observed prostatitis (Group A) and no prostatitis (Group B) according to the biopsy outcomes. International prostate symptom score, international index of erectile function-5 scores, maximal and average flow rate, and residual urine volumes were compared statistically between groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in baseline age (t=0.64), body mass index value (t=0.51), prostate volume (t=0.87), prostate-specific antigen levels (t=0.43), maximal (t=0.84) and average flow rate (t=0.59), and post-void residual urine volume (t=0.71). Mean international prostate symptom score in patients with prostatitis was numerically but not significantly higher than that in those without prostatitis (t=0.794, P=0.066). Mean international index of erectile function-5 score in the prostatitis group was significantly lower than that in those without prostatitis (t=1.854, P=0.013). Histological prostatitis notably affected sexual function of patients and may serve as a major risk factor for sexual dysfunction while having little effect on lower urinary tract symptoms.

The relationship between histological prostatitis and lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function

ABSTRACT This prospective analysis assessed the effect of histological prostatitis on lower urinary tract functions and sexual function. The patients were separated into two groups as histologically observed prostatitis (Group A) and no prostatitis (Group B) according to the biopsy outcomes. International prostate symptom score, international index of erectile function-5 scores, maximal and average flow rate, and residual urine volumes were compared statistically between groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in baseline age (t=0.64), body mass index value (t=0.51), prostate volume (t=0.87), prostate-specific antigen levels (t=0.43), maximal (t=0.84) and average flow rate (t=0.59), and post-void residual urine volume (t=0.71). Mean international prostate symptom score in patients with prostatitis was numerically but not significantly higher than that in those without prostatitis (t=0.794, P=0.066). Mean international index of erectile function-5 score in the prostatitis group was significantly lower than that in those without prostatitis (t=1.854, P=0.013). Histological prostatitis notably affected sexual function of patients and may serve as a major risk factor for sexual dysfunction while having little effect on lower urinary tract symptoms.

Safety and Efficacy of Bipolar Versus Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered gold standard for surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we aimed to compare post-operative clinical outcomes and adverse effects between monopolar and bipolar TURPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 590 patients who underwent TURP by a single urologist (E.H.) between June 2006 and June 2014 with a diagnosis of BPH. Patients were divided into two groups as monopolar TURP (group 1, n = 300) and bipolar TURP (group 2, n = 290). Patients receiving oral anticoagulants or aspirin and those with prostate cancer diagnosis were not included in the study. Data regarding pre-operative age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post voiding residual urine volume (PVR), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate volume (Vp) of the patients were gathered from medical records. Groups were compared in terms of catheterization, operation time, hemoglobin (Hb) decrease, and IPSS, Qmax, and PVR values at post-operative 12th month follow-up visit. RESULTS: From pre-operative to post-operative period, IPSS, Qmax and PVR showed significant improvements within both groups (P < .001). When groups were compared with each other, bipolar TURP group had significantly lesser catheterization time and hemoglobin decrease than monopolar TURP group, while no significant differences were detected regarding all other variables. CONCLUSION: Bipolar and monopolar TURPs are both effective and safe treatment modality for BPH. Bipolar TURP is superior to conventional monopolar TURP in terms of catheterization time and Hb decrease.

Value of preoperative stone scoring systems in predicting the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

INTRODUCTION: Guy's Stone Score and S.T.O.N.E. Nephrolithometry nomograms have been introduced for systematic and quantitative assessment of kidney stones. The aim of this study was to reveal the value of two scorings systems, Guy and S.T.O.N.E, most frequently used for predicting postoperative stone-free status prior to Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), in the prediction of postoperative results of PCNL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined patients who underwent PCNL. Preoperative abdominopelvic computerized tomography images of these patients were reviewed and scored according to the Guy and S.T.O.N.E. systems. The relationship between the Guy and S.T.O.N.E. scores, and their postoperative stone-free status, complications based on Clavien system, operation time, fluoroscopy time and period of hospitalization was compared. RESULTS: We identified a total of 102 patients who underwent PCNL between 2010 and 2014, having met the inclusion criteria. The relationships between the total S.T.O.N.E score and Clavien score (p <0.001); time of operation (p = 0.012) and stone-free status (p <0.001); Guy stone score and Clavien score (p <0.001); and period of hospitalization (p <0.001) and time of operation (p <0.001) were found to be statistically significant. There was no statistically significant relationship between Guy score and stone-free status and no statistically significant relationship was found between fluoroscopy time and both stone scoring systems. CONCLUSIONS: Guy and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems may be used as effective instruments particularly for predicting postoperative complications.

Low magnesium levels an important new prognostic parameter can be overlooked in patients with Fournier's gangrene: a multicentric study.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated low magnesium levels and three different scoring systems including the Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI), the Uludag Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (UFGSI), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for predicting mortality in a multicentric, large patient population with FG. METHODS: The medical records of 99 FG patients who were treated and followed up in different clinics were reviewed. The biochemical, hematological, and bacteriological results from the admission evaluation were recorded. The CCI, FGSI, and UFGSI were evaluated and stratified by survival. RESULTS: The results were evaluated for the following patients: the survivors (n = 82) and the nonsurvivors (n = 17). The magnesium level for the survivors and nonsurvivors was 2.09 ± 0.28 and 1.68 ± 0.23, respectively (p 0.004). The admission FGSI, UFGSI, and CCI scores were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p 0.001, p 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the UFGSI was more powerful than the FGSI. The hypomagnesemia, low hemoglobin and hematocrit, low albumin and HCO3 levels; high alkaline phosphatase; and the high heart and respiratory rates, an FGSI >9, rectal involvement, and a high CCI were associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION: Low magnesium levels might be an important parameter for a worse FG prognosis. Monitoring the serum magnesium levels might have prognostic and therapeutic implications in patients with FG. High CCI, FGSI, and UFGSI scores might be associated with a worse prognosis in patients with FG. The UFGSI might be more powerful scoring system than the FGSI.

Comparison of one-year results of transobturator tape method in the stress incontinence treatment according to body mass index.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the 1-year results of patients on whom we used the transobturator tape method for the stress incontinence treatment according to body mass index (BMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with stress incontinence and treated with the transobturator tape method were divided into three groups according to BMI. We recorded the results of preoperative urodynamic studies; durations of operation, catheterization, and hospitalization; and complications of patients. Patients were evaluated 1 year after the operation with respect to the objective/subjective success rates of the operation, patient satisfaction rates, and possible late complications. RESULTS: The obese group was observed to have a significantly higher duration of operation than the normal and overweight groups (p<0.001). The objective and subjective success rates were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.567 and p=0.245, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the groups with respect to the satisfaction rates (p=0.245). There was no significant difference between all three groups with respect to both preoperative and postoperative complication rates (p=0.096). CONCLUSION: The transobturator tape method for stress incontinence treatment has similar objective and subjective success rates, independent of BMI. In the obese patients, the operation time is longer than the others, but there is no difference with respect to the complication rates.

Different presentation types of primary Brucella epididimo-orchitis.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that involved genitourinary system in 2-20% and most commonly cause single sided epididymo-orchitis. In our country Brucella is an endemic disease and causes serious and different diagnosis of acute scrotum and epididymo-orchitis. In this paper six cases of epididymo-orchitis cases which were resistant to classical treatment were discussed according to clinical and laboratory findings. We describe different types of presentation of Brucella epididymo-orchitis with diagnosis and treatment modalities.

Early results of a novel technique for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair: anterior vaginal wall darn.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the results of a 1-year patient follow-up after anterior vaginal wall darn, a novel technique for the repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with anterior vaginal wall prolapse underwent anterior vaginal wall darn. The anterior vaginal wall was detached using sharp and blunt dissection via an incision beginning 1 cm proximal to the external meatus and extending to the vaginal apex. The space between the tissues that attach the lateral vaginal walls to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis was then darned. Cough Stress Test, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification, seven-item Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, and six-item Urogenital Distress Inventory scores were performed 1-year postoperatively to evaluate recovery. RESULTS: One-year postoperatively, all patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure. No patient had vaginal mucosal erosion or any other complication. CONCLUSIONS: One-year postoperative findings for patients in this series indicate that patients with stage II-III anterior vaginal wall prolapse were successfully treated with the anterior vaginal wall darn technique.

Experiences with the management of paraurethral cysts in adult women.

INTRODUCTION: Paraurethral cysts may be acquired or congenital pathology, and are rarely encountered in urogynecologic practice. Therefore, no consensus on management of paraurethral cyst could be reached. We aimed to report our experience on the management of paraurethral cysts in adult women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult women diagnosed with paraurethral cysts between 2011 and 2012. Patients' complaints, parity, physical signs, diagnostic tests and the obtained findings, surgical intervention, duration of follow-up period, complications, recurrence and histologic examination of the cysts wall were evaluated in the patients included. RESULTS: Ten adult women, aged 23-48 years (mean: 41 years) with paraurethral cysts between 2011 and 2012 were identified. All patients were multiparous. The patients' complaints included palpable mass, dyspareunia, and dysuria. All patients underwent preoperative urethrocystoscopy. All the cysts were solitary and in dimension of 1 to 3.5 cm and localized in the distal urethra. All patients underwent surgical excision. The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range: 6-12 months). Neither complications nor recurrences were observed. Histopathological examination showed that 5 cysts were lined with squamous epithelium, 2 were lined with transitional epithelium, and 3 were lined with both types of epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Paraurethral cysts may be symptomatic and routine urological examinations are sufficient for diagnosis without using advanced imaging technique. In such symptomatic adult patients, partial surgical resection combined with fulguration can be performed effectively without complications. This treatment modality seems exceptional according to the literature.