[Physiologic adaptation of the thermal manikin]. / Zur physiologischen Adaptation des Thermal Manikin.

At present time thermal manikins (TM) are used as standard method to determine the thermal quality of clothing. Besides, in the last time TM's apply to estimate indoor climate. Now used types of TM enable quantitative assertions on human convective and conductive heat exchange, as for the whole body as for different parts. The limited factor for this heat flow is the topical value of TM's skin temperature which is regulated by software. As a rule, this temperature is the same like human's skin temperature at thermal comfort conditions. Distal change of skin temperature takes a leading part to determine thermal conditions which are still tolerable regarding human thermoregulation. The influence of this kind of thermal regulation on topical convection and conductive heat exchange was examined by variation of TM's skin temperature on a concrete indoor situation and defined clothing and metabolic conditions.

Distribution of Ca in different regions of heart muscle cell.

Electron microscopic autoradiographic investigations to study the localization of Ca in muscle were performed using heart muscle. The distribution of autoradiographic grains, originating from Ca-45 were compared above myofibrils and interfibrillar spaces of the ventricle, auricle and sinus node of the heart. Our aim was to get new data on the role of Ca in the mechanical activity of muscle with special consideration of the Ca content of interfibrillar spaces. The different distribution of grains in the muscle fibrils and interfibrillar spaces of various parts of the heart can be in connection with the different activities of these parts. The more Ca content in myofibrils of ventricle cells may be in connection with its greater mechanical activity and its work.

Localization of Ca in muscles hindered in contraction by D2O.

Electron microscopic autoradiographic investigations have been made to study the localization of Ca in the muscle the contraction of which was broken by soak in 99.8 per cent heavy water. The distribution of autoradiographic grains, originating from Ca-45 ingested by previous incubation, above longitudinal sections of these muscles were compared to the distribution of grains above muscles not treated in heavy water. Considerable difference in grain density was found above the A- and I-bands of the two different kinds of muscle and above their sarcoplasmic reticulum. The investigations concerning the sarcoplasmic reticulum were completed by the study of distribution of autoradiographic grains above the transversal sections of these muscles.