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The prognostic significance of tumor size in T3b differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains debated and underexplored. This study aimed to examine the varying impact of T3b based on tumor size, analyzing disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival. A retrospective review of 6282 DTC patients who underwent thyroid surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from September 2000 to December 2017 was conducted. T3b was classified into three subcategories, T3b-1 (≤2 cm), T3b-2 (2-4 cm), and T3b-3 (>4 cm), using the same size criteria for T1, T2, and T3a. T3b-1 showed no significant difference in disease specific survival compared to T1, and both disease-free and disease-specific survival curves were sequentially ranked as T1, T3b-1, T2, T3a, T3b-2, and T3b-3. The modified T category, reclassifying T3b-1 as T1, demonstrated superior staging performance compared to the classic T category (c-index: 0.8961 vs. 0.8959 and AUC: 0.8573 vs. 0.8518). Tumors measuring 2 cm or less within the T3b category may require downstaging, and a modified T category could improve the precision of prognostic staging compared to the current T category.
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The incidence of concomitant thyroid cancer in Graves' disease varies and Graves' disease can make the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules more challenging. Since the majority of Graves' disease patients primarily received non-surgical treatment, identifying biomarkers for concomitant thyroid cancer in patients with Graves' disease may facilitate planning the surgery. The aim of this study is to identify the biomarkers for concurrent thyroid cancer in Graves' disease patients and evaluate the impact of being overweight on cancer risk. This retrospective cohort study analyzed 122 patients with Graves' disease who underwent thyroid surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from May 2010 to December 2022. Body mass index (BMI), preoperative thyroid function test, and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TR-Ab) were measured. Overweight was defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Most patients (88.5%) underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients who were overweight had a higher risk of malignancy (Odds ratios, 3.108; 95% confidence intervals, 1.196-8.831; p = 0.021). Lower gland weight and lower preoperative TR-Ab were also biomarkers for malignancy in Graves' disease. Overweight patients with Graves' disease had a higher risk of thyroid cancer than non-overweight patients. A comprehensive assessment of overweight patients with Graves' disease is imperative for identifying concomitant thyroid cancer.
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Enfermedad de Graves , Sobrepeso , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Enfermedad de Graves/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Graves/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Tiroidectomía , Índice de Masa Corporal , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Pruebas de Función de la TiroidesRESUMEN
BACKGRUOUND: There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea. METHODS: A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD. The model considered direct medical costs, health outcomes, and different diagnostic and treatment pathways. Input data were derived from literature and Korean population studies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at USD 100,000 or 20,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainties of the model's variables. RESULTS: In a base case scenario with 50 years of follow-up, ES was found to be cost-effective compared to SD, with an ICER of $2,852 per QALY. With WTP set at $100,000, in the case with follow-up less than 10 years, the SD was cost-effective. Sensitivity analysis showed that variables such as lobectomy probability, age, mortality, and utility scores significantly influenced the ICER. Despite variations in costs and other factors, all ICER values remained below the WTP threshold. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study indicate that ES is a cost-effective strategy for DTC screening in the Korean medical system. Early detection and subsequent lobectomy contribute to the cost-effectiveness of ES, while SD at an advanced stage makes ES more cost-effective. Expected follow-up duration should be considered to determine an optimal strategy for DTC screening.
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Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Ultrasonografía , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/economía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , República de Corea/epidemiología , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/economía , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Ultrasonografía/economía , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Cadenas de MarkovRESUMEN
Purpose: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery may cause vocal cord palsy (VCP), which leads to unexpected additional costs. In recent years, intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) has been used to lower the incidence rate of VCP. This study aimed to analyze postoperative management costs for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: We analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent lobectomy for PTC from September 2018 to August 2019 at The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. A total of 411 patients were enrolled and all the patients had voice examinations. We investigated the total costs in the IONM and non-IONM groups during a maximum 1-year follow-up and calculated the additional costs due to VCP by subtraction of the mean values in each group. Results: The incidence rate of VCP was 3.9% (16 of 411). Extrathyroidal extension was related to VCP in Cox regression tests and accounted for 3.2% (13 of 411). VCP rate did not show a significant difference between the IONM and non-IONM groups (4.1% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.883). Total costs for postoperative management were higher in the IONM group than in the non-IONM group (US $328.2 ± $220.1 vs. $278.7 ± $141.4, P < 0.05). However, the additional costs due to VCP were significantly lower in the IONM group than in the non-IONM group ($474.1 ± $150.3 vs. $568.9 ± $367.6, P < 0.005). Conclusion: The use of IONM can mitigate the increase in costs by saving additional expenses associated with VCP.
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Cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis is common in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study evaluated the utility of the washout CYFRA 21-1 level, combined with the thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration, in terms of diagnosis of LN metastasis. We prospectively enrolled 53 patients who underwent thyroid surgery to treat DTC with lateral cervical LN metastases. Preoperative ultrasound guided needle localization was used to surgical sampling of specific LNs during the operation. The intraoperative washout Tg and CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured in such LNs. The Tg and CYFRA 21-1 levels differed significantly between metastatic and benign LNs. The cutoff values were 2.63 ng/mL for washout CYFRA 21-1 and 22.62 ng/mL for Tg. Combined use of the washout Tg and CYFRA 21-1 levels afforded the highest diagnostic accuracy (92.5%), better than that of individual markers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were 94.6%, 90.0%, 91.4%, 93.8%, respectively. The conjunction of the washout CYFRA21-1 and Tg levels enhances the diagnostic accuracy of LN metastasis in DTC patients. The washout CYFRA 21-1 level may be useful when malignancy is suspected, especially in cases where the cytology and washout Tg findings do not provide definitive results.
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Adenocarcinoma , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Carcinoma Papilar , Queratina-19 , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Tiroglobulina , Estudios Prospectivos , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Biopsia con Aguja Fina/métodos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multiple medications are more effective than single agents for postoperative pain management. We investigated the analgesic effects of an intravenous combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen immediately after thyroidectomy. METHODS: In this double-blind clinical trial, 62 patients who underwent thyroidectomies were randomized to either the treatment (1000 mg acetaminophen, 300 mg ibuprofen) or control (1000 mg acetaminophen) group. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) 0, 15, and 30 min after recovery room admission. Opioid rescue consumption was also recorded. RESULTS: The VAS scores were significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group 15 [3 (2-4.3) vs. 5 (3-6); p = 0.015] and 30 [3 (2-4.3) vs. 4 (3-5); p = 0.018] min after recovery room admission, as were the opioid rescue dose requirements (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Combined intravenous acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be better than acetaminophen alone for immediately acute postoperative pain after thyroidectomy.
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Acetaminofén , Analgésicos no Narcóticos , Ibuprofeno , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio , Tiroidectomía , Humanos , Acetaminofén/administración & dosificación , Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Ibuprofeno/administración & dosificación , Ibuprofeno/uso terapéutico , Tiroidectomía/efectos adversos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Masculino , Método Doble Ciego , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/administración & dosificación , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Administración IntravenosaRESUMEN
Since the introduction of the single-port (SP) robotic system, SP trans-axillary robot-assisted thyroidectomy (SP-TART) has been performed. We aimed to evaluate the safety and surgical outcomes of SP-TART in a consecutive series of 300 cases. We analyzed 300 patients with thyroid disease who underwent SP-TART from October 2021 to May 2023 in St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the patients' clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes according to surgical extent. Of the 300 cases analyzed, 250 patients underwent less than total thyroidectomy (LTT), 31 patients underwent total thyroidectomy (TT), and 19 patients underwent TT with modified radical neck dissection (TT c mRND). The mean operative times for LTT, TT, and for TT c mRND were 69.8 ± 23.6, 104.2 ± 30.7, and 223.7 ± 72.4 min, respectively. Complications, including postoperative bleeding, transient hypoparathyroidism, and vocal cord palsy, were observed in nine, six, and six LTT, TT, and TT c mRND cases. The SP-TART method is a safe and feasible surgical option with a short operative time, good surgical outcome, and excellent cosmetic results.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Tiroidectomía/efectos adversos , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Tempo Operativo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BRAFV600E positivity is associated with increased aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and age is an important prognostic factor. However, the association between age and BRAFV600E positivity and the recurrence risk has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age on recurrence between patients with BRAFV600E-positive and -negative PTC. Patients with PTC who underwent initial thyroid surgery between January 2010 and December 2018 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Republic of Korea) were retrospectively reviewed. The BRAFV600E-positive (n = 1768) and BRAFV600E-negative groups (n = 428) were divided into two subgroups: younger (<35 years) and older groups (≥55 years). In the BRAFV600E-positive group, the younger group exhibited higher lymphatic and vascular invasion rates, more positive lymph nodes, higher lymph node ratios, and higher recurrence rates than the older group (5.9% vs. 2.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymphatic invasion, and N category were significant risk factors in the BRAFV600E-positive group. In the BRAFV600E-positive group, the younger group had a higher recurrence risk than the older group (OR, 2.528; 95% confidence interval, 1.443-4.430; p = 0.001). In the BRAFV600E-negative group, age had no impact on recurrence risk. These results contribute to tailored treatment strategies and informed patient management.
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Background: Active surveillance (AS) has become an alternative treatment approach for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The purpose of this study is to uncover the clinicopathological factors associated with high-risk nodal disease in order to select proper candidates for AS of PTMC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 5,329 patients with PTMC without extrathyroidal extension (ETE) who underwent thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection (CCND) between 2007 and 2021 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. Patients with more than five metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) (higher-risk N1 disease) and/or lateral neck node metastases (N1b disease) were defined as having high-risk nodal disease. The clinicopathological factors associated with high-risk nodal disease were analyzed. Results: A total of 415 (7.8%) patients had higher-risk N1 disease. These patients were younger on average, included a higher proportion of males, and had a larger tumor size and more frequent capsular invasion and multifocality compared with other patients. For the tumor size, a cutoff value of 0.65 cm was the best predictor of nodal risk groups. In a multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors associated with higher-risk N1 disease were younger age, male sex, tumor size >0.65 cm, and the presence of capsular invasion and/or multifocality. A total of 246 (4.6%) patients had N1b disease at initial diagnosis. In a multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors associated with N1b disease were younger age, male sex, tumor size >0.65 cm, and the presence of capsular invasion and/or multifocality. Conclusions: Young age, male sex, tumor size >0.65 cm, and presence of capsular invasion and/or multifocality can be considered risk factors for high-risk nodal disease in PTMC. Therefore, cautious observation is necessary for AS of patients with these characteristics.
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Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) located in the isthmus generally has been known to have more extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node involvement, and multifocality. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of an isthmic location of PTC. Methods: The records of 160 patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy due to a single, dominant isthmic PTC were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of isthmic cancer were compared with those of unilateral-lobar cancer in a PTC cohort at Seoul St. Mary's hospital. After propensity score matching for age, sex, and tumor size, 160 isthmic PTCs and 800 unilateral-lobar PTCs were compared. The clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic significance of an isthmic tumor location. Results: The isthmic group was significantly older (49.6 vs. 46.8 years, P=0.007) and had a smaller mean tumor size (0.8±0.4 vs. 1.0±0.7 cm, P<0.001) than the unilateral-lobar group. After propensity score matching, tumor size categories, ETE, multifocality, nodal metastasis and proportion of patients with more than five metastatic lymph nodes were similar in both groups. However, N1b cases were more frequent in the unilateral-lobar group both before and after propensity score matching. In multivariate analysis, isthmic location was not correlated with gross ETE, multifocality, and higher-risk N1 disease. Younger age and more than five metastatic nodes increased the risk of PTC recurrence. However, isthmic tumor location was not significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: Isthmic location is not an independent risk factor for aggressive clinicopathologic features and is not related to PTC recurrence.
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Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a low-risk thyroid tumor with a favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, differentiating NIFTP from other thyroid tumors remains challenging, necessitating reliable diagnostic markers. This study is aimed at discovering NIFTP-specific mRNA markers through RNA sequencing analysis of thyroid tumor tissues. We performed mRNA expression profiling for 74 fresh frozen thyroid tissue samples, including NIFTP and benign and malignant follicular-cell-derived tumors. NIFTP/malignant tumors showed 255 downregulated genes and 737 upregulated genes compared to benign tumors. Venn diagram analysis revealed 19 significantly upregulated and 7 downregulated mRNAs in NIFTP. Akaike information criterion analysis allowed us to select OCLN, ZNF423, LYG1, and AQP5 mRNA markers. We subsequently developed a predictive model based on logistic regression analysis using these four mRNAs, which we validated in independent samples (n = 90) using a qRT-PCR assay. This model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting NIFTP in discovery dataset (AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic) = 0.960) and the validation dataset (AUC = 0.757). Our results suggest that OCLN, ZNF423, LYG1, and AQP5 mRNA markers might serve as reliable molecular markers for identifying NIFTP among other thyroid tumors, ultimately aiding in accurate diagnosis and management of NIFTP patients.
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Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/genética , Hidrolasas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Mensajero/genéticaRESUMEN
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is commonly characterized by multifocality, which is associated with aggressive features and a less favorable prognosis. The current study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term oncological outcomes of bilateral and unilateral multifocal PTC. The medical records of 1745 patients with multifocal PTC who underwent thyroid surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence rates were compared based on cancer laterality. Further, 357 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were matched to investigate the recurrence risk and disease-free survival (DFS). Before propensity score matching (PSM), there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the bilateral and unilateral multifocal PTC groups. Cancer laterality was not a predictor of DFS based on the Cox regression analyses. However, after PSM, unilateral multifocality was associated with a significantly high risk of recurrence. Similarly, unilateral multifocality was associated with a significantly poor DFS based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Compared with bilateral PTC, unilateral multifocal PTC was associated with a poor DFS. A comprehensive preoperative examination should be performed to detect multifocality before the initial surgical intervention for optimal treatment. Postoperative short-term follow-up is recommended for unilateral multifocal PTC for recurrence surveillance.
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The American Thyroid Association risk stratification system suggests that having >5 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) increase the recurrence risk in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, little is known about PTC with <5 harvested LNs. This study aimed to stratify patients with low-LN-yield (low-LNY) PTC based on lymph node ratios (LNRs). From 2007 to 2017, 6317 patients who underwent thyroidectomies were diagnosed with PTC at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, and 909 patients with low LNYs were included in the study. Tumor recurrence was compared based on LNR. The LNR cutoff was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Forty-six patients (5.1%) experienced recurrences over a mean follow-up period of 127.24 ± 33.6 months (range, 5-190 months). The cutoff for the low-LNR (n = 675) and high-LNR (n = 234) groups was 0.29 (AUC = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.591-0.761, p < 0.001). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the high-LNR group compared to the rate in the low-LNR group (12.4% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression revealed that tumor size and LNR ≥ 0.29 were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Therefore, LNR can be utilized to stratify the risk of recurrence in patients with low-LNY PTC.
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Background: It remains controversial whether prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (pCCND) is necessary in cases of stage T1-T2 cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Some studies have demonstrated the benefits of pCCND on oncologic outcomes, whereas others reported that any advantages were insignificant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pCCND on cancer recurrence and its pattern in patients with T1-T2 cN0 PTC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2,902 patients with PTC who had undergone thyroidectomy between 2006 and 2012 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital: 2,099 patients had undergone pCCND and thyroidectomy (pCCND group), whereas 803 did not undergo pCCND (non-pCCND group). We investigated the effects of pCCND on cancer recurrence by comparing these two groups. Recurrence was classified according to the location of the recurrence. Results: The mean follow-up period was 112 months. The mean patient age was significantly younger in the pCCND group than in the non-pCCND group. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex, tumor size, or thyroidectomy extension between the groups. In the pCCND group, 883 (42%) patients showed evidence of N1a disease, and the mean number of metastatic lymph nodes was 1.26±2.2. Recurrence occurred in 67 (2.3%) patients in the total cohort. Recurrence was observed in 20 (2.5%) and 47 (2.2%) patients in the non-pCCND and pCCND groups, respectively, but there were no significant differences between the groups (P=0.687). When analyzed by the site of recurrence, 50% and 4.3% of recurrent disease in the non-pCCND and pCCND groups, respectively, occurred in the central compartment (P<0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in recurrent disease at other sites. The 15-year cumulative central compartment recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates of patients in the non-pCCND and pCCND groups were 99% and 100%, respectively (P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, not performing pCCND was the only independent risk factor related to central compartment RFS, and the hazard ratio was 13.362 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.928-60.986; P<0.001]. Conclusions: The omission of pCCND was found to be an independent risk factor for recurrence in the central compartment in patients with T1-T2 cN0 PTC.
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BACKGROUND: Voice change after thyroidectomy is an important issue in thyroid surgery. However, little is known about long-term voice outcomes after thyroidectomy. This study investigates the long-term voice outcomes of thyroidectomy up to two years after surgery. Also, we analyzed the pattern of recovery through acoustic tests over time. METHODS: We reviewed data from 168 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between January 2020 and August 2020 at a single institution. The Thyroidectomy-related Voice and Symptom Questionnaire (TVSQ) score and acoustic voice analysis results were examined preoperatively and postoperative one, three, and six months, and one and two years after surgery. We divided patients into two groups based on the TVSQ score (≥15 or <15) at two years postoperatively. We investigated the difference of acoustic characteristics between the two groups and analyzed correlations between acoustic parameters and various clinical and surgical factors. RESULTS: Voice parameters tended to recover, but some parameters and TVSQ scores exhibited deterioration two years after surgery. In the subgroups, among the many clinicopathologic factors examined, voice abuse history including professional voice users (p = 0.014), greater extent of thyroidectomy and neck dissection (p = 0.019, p = 0.029), and high pitch voice (F0; p = 0.005, SFF; p = 0.016) were associated with high TVSQ score at two years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients frequently experience voice discomfort after thyroidectomy. After surgery, voice abuse history including professional voice users, greater extent of surgery, and higher pitch voice are associated with worse voice quality and increased risk of persistent voice symptoms over the long-term.
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Disfonía , Trastornos de la Voz , Voz , Humanos , Tiroidectomía/efectos adversos , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Trastornos de la Voz/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Voz/etiología , Glándula Tiroides , Calidad de la Voz , Disfonía/etiologíaRESUMEN
Recently, selpercatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of RET receptor tyrosine kinase, has been used for RET-altered thyroid cancer. We present four cases of patients with advanced thyroid cancer who were treated with selpercatinib. The first patient was a 63-year-old male with advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) treated with vandetanib. Six months ago, he had an intracranial hemorrhage and swallowing difficulty. He started selpercatinib with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). For 11 months, a partial response (PR) was observed stably with PEG administration without any more cardiovascular events. The second patient was a 67-year-old female with advanced MTC treated with vandetatib. After selpercatinib treatment, a PR was observed for most metastatic sites, including choroidal metastasis. The third patient was a 32-year-old female with advanced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) without history of systematic treatment. For six months, a PR was observed at her metastatic site with manageable adverse events. The last patient was a 59-year-old female with advanced PTC treated with lenvatinib. She suffered from a panic disorder and pleural pain due to metastasis during lenvatinib treatment. After selpercatinib treatment, her pain and panic symptoms were improved. Facing varying clinical obstacles of the real world, selpercatinib safely proved remarkable therapeutic efficacy regardless of previous treatment or metastatic site.
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Adenocarcinoma , Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , República de Corea , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-retRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to establish the risk factors for re-recurrences and disease-specific mortality (DSM) in recurrent thyroid cancer. Patients with recurrent thyroid cancer who underwent initial thyroid surgery from January 2000 to December 2019 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) were assessed. Clinicopathological characteristics and long-term oncologic outcomes were compared between patients with one recurrence (n = 202) and patients with re-recurrences (n = 44). Logistic regression and cox-regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for re-recurrences and DSM, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value for lymph node ratio (LNR) as a predictor of re-recurrences. DSM was significantly higher in the re-recurrence group compared with the single-recurrence group (6.8% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.019). Surgical treatment at the first recurrence significantly lowered the risk of re-recurrences. Age (≥55), male sex, and LNR (≥0.15) were independent significant risk factors for re-recurrences in patients who underwent surgery at the first recurrence. Surgical resection is the optimal treatment for initial thyroid cancer recurrence. LNR at re-operation is more effective in predicting re-recurrence than the absolute number of metastatic LNs.
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The new da Vinci® single-port (SP) robotic system, which utilizes a smaller incision and work space compared to the previous versions, is suitable for thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the learning curve for SP transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy (SP-TART) in a single-center. Fifty consecutive patients who underwent SP-TART between October 2021 and April 2022 in Seoul St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul, Korea, were included in this retrospective analysis. We examined the clinicopathological characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes and assessed the learning curve for SP-TART using cumulative summation analysis. The mean operation time was 57.8 ± 14.1 min, and the mean tumor size was 1.0 ± 0.7 (range, 0.3-3.7) cm. The patients were discharged approximately 2 days after surgery, and only two (4%) patients developed postoperative complications, including drainage-site bleeding and surgical site infection. Risk factors for long operation time were thyroiditis, amount of blood loss, and lymph node metastasis. The learning curve for SP-TART was 20 cases for the experienced robotic surgeon. SP-TART is technically feasible and safe with a short incision length and short operation time. It is a valuable alternative operative option with good surgical outcomes and outstanding cosmetic results.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Robótica , Humanos , Tiroidectomía/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Curva de Aprendizaje , Estudios Retrospectivos , Robótica/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Voice change after uncomplicated thyroidectomy has been an important issue in the field of thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to promote understanding of voice change after uncomplicated thyroidectomy by analysing the results for a large number of patients from a single institute. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2879 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy and voice evaluation between January 2014 and December 2019 in a single institute. All the patients had their vocal status assessed using videostroboscopy, acoustic voice analyses, aerodynamic study, and Thyroidectomy-related Voice and Symptom Questionnaire (TVSQ) scores preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. We analysed the pattern of voice changes over time and differences in voice parameters based on clinical factors. To confirm the usefulness of the TVSQ, the correlation between TVSQ scores and objective parameters was analysed. Lastly, predictive factors for persistent voice symptoms were analysed. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. RESULTS: The frequency ranges and TVSQ scores exhibited significant deterioration until 6 months following surgery. Among clinical factors, the extents of thyroidectomy and neck dissection were associated with worse voice parameters. The TVSQ score was significantly correlated with objective voice parameters. The extents of thyroidectomy and neck dissection were predictive of persistent voice symptoms at 6 months after thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION: After uncomplicated thyroidectomy, most voice parameters tended to recover, but some parameters remained aggravated even at 6 months after surgery. With more extensive surgery, worse voice quality and the higher risk of persistent voice symptoms may be anticipated.