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SARS-CoV-2 caused a life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic outbreak worldwide. The Southeastern Region of Wisconsin, USA (SERW) includes large urban Milwaukee and six suburban counties, namely Kenosha, Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha. Due to the lack of detailed SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in the suburban populations of the SERW, whole-genome sequencing was employed to investigate circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages and characterize dominant XBB lineages among this SERW population from November 2021 to April 2023. For an unbiased data analysis, we combined our 6709 SARS-CoV-2 sequences with 1520 sequences from the same geographical region submitted by other laboratories. Our study shows that SARS-CoV-2 genomes were distributed into 357 lineages/sublineages belonging to 13 clades, of which 88.8% were from Omicron. We document dominant sublineages XBB.1.5 and surging XBB.1.16 and XBB.1.9.1 with a few additional functional mutations in Spike, which are known to contribute to higher viral reproduction, enhanced transmission and immune evasion. Mutational profile assessment of XBB.1.5 Spike identifies 38 defining mutations with high prevalence occurring in 49.8-99.6% of the sequences studied, of which 32 mutations were in three functional domains. Phylogenetic and genetic relatedness between XBB.1.5 sequences reveal potential virus transmission occurring within households and within and between Southeastern Wisconsin counties. A comprehensive phylogeny of XBB.1.5 with global sub-dataset sequences confirms the wide spread of genetically similar SARS-CoV-2 strains within the same geographical area. Altogether, this study identified proportions of circulating Omicron variants and genetic characterization of XBB.1.5 in the SERW population, which helped state and national public health agencies to make compelling mitigation efforts to reduce COVID-19 transmission in the communities and monitor emerging lineages for their impact on diagnostics, treatments and vaccines.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Pandemias , Filogenia , Wisconsin/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , GenómicaRESUMEN
Novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to emerge as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic extends into its fourth year. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 circulation in university populations is vital for effective interventions in higher education settings and will inform public health policy during pandemics. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 537 of 1717 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal/nasal swab samples collected over a nearly 20-month period from two university populations in Wisconsin, USA. We observed that the viral sequences were distributed into 57 lineages/sub-lineages belonging to 15 clades, of which the majority were from 21K (omicron, 36.13â%) and 21J (delta, 30.91â%). Nearly 40â% (213) of the sequences were omicron, of which BA.1 and its eight descendent lineages accounted for 91â%, while the remaining belonged to BA.2 and its six descendent lineages. Independent analysis of the sequences from these two universities revealed significant differences in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Phylogenetic analysis of university sequences with a global sub-dataset demonstrated that the sequences of the same lineages from the university populations were more closely related. Genome-based analysis of closely related strains, along with phylogenetic clusters and mutational differences, identified that potential virus transmission occurred within and between universities, as well as between the university and the local community. Although this study improves our understanding of the distinct transmission patterns of circulating variants in local universities, expanding genomic surveillance capacity will aid local jurisdictions not only in identifying emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, but also in improving data-driven public health mitigation and policy efforts.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Universidades , Wisconsin/epidemiología , Filogenia , COVID-19/epidemiología , GenómicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dynamics of infection by Bartonella and Rickettsia species, which are epidemiologically associated in dogs, have not been explored in a controlled setting. OBJECTIVES: Describe an outbreak investigation of occult Bartonella spp. infection among a group of dogs, discovered after experimentally induced Rickettsia rickettsii (Rr) infection. ANIMALS: Six apparently healthy purpose-bred Beagles obtained from a commercial vendor. METHODS: Retrospective and prospective study. Dogs were serially tested for Bartonella spp. and Rr using serology, culture, and PCR, over 3 study phases: 3 months before inoculation with Rr (retrospective), 6 weeks after inoculation with Rr (retrospective), and 8 months of follow-up (prospective). RESULTS: Before Rr infection, 1 dog was Bartonella henselae (Bh) immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) seroreactive and 1 was Rickettsia spp. IFA seroreactive. After inoculation with Rr, all dogs developed mild Rocky Mountain spotted fever compatible with low-dose Rr infection, seroconverted to Rickettsia spp. within 4-11 days, and recovered within 1 week. When 1 dog developed ear tip vasculitis with intra-lesional Bh, an investigation of Bartonella spp. infection was undertaken. All dogs had seroconverted to 1-3 Bartonella spp. between 7 and 18 days after Rr inoculation. Between 4 and 8 months after Rr inoculation, Bh DNA was amplified from multiple tissues from 2 dogs, and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (Bvb) DNA was amplified from 4 of 5 dogs' oral swabs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Vector-borne disease exposure was demonstrated in research dogs from a commercial vendor. Despite limitations, our results support the possibilities of recrudescence of chronic subclinical Bartonella spp. infection after Rr infection and horizontal direct-contact transmission between dogs.
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Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Coinfección , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , Perros , Femenino , Vivienda para Animales , Ciencia de los Animales de Laboratorio , Rickettsia rickettsii , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/complicaciones , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/microbiología , Pruebas SerológicasRESUMEN
Bartonella spp. are etiological agents of life-threatening zoonotic diseases in dogs worldwide. Due to the poor sensitivity of immunofluorescent-antibody assays (IFAs), a reliable serodiagnostic test for canine bartonelloses is of clinical importance. The utility of Western blotting (WB) for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize WB immunodominant proteins that could be used to confirm a serodiagnosis of bartonelloses. Using agar-grown Bartonella henselae San Antonio type 2 (SA2) whole-cell proteins, sera derived from four dog groups were tested by WB to assess immunodominant protein recognition patterns: group I consisted of 92 serum samples (10 preexposure and 82 postexposure serum samples) from 10 adult beagles experimentally inoculated with Bartonella spp., group II consisted of 36 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-positive naturally infected dogs, group III consisted of 26 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-negative and IFA-negative dogs, and group IV consisted of serum samples from 8 Brucella canis IFA-positive and 10 Rickettsia rickettsii IFA-positive dogs. Following experimental inoculation, 9 (90%) group I dogs were variably seroreactive to one or more of six specific immunodominant proteins (13, 17, 29, 50, 56, and 150 kDa). There was a strong but variable recognition of these proteins among 81% of group II dogs. In contrast, 24/26 group III dogs were not reactive to any immunodominant protein. In this study, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of B. henselae SA2 WB were higher than those of B. henselae SA2 IFA testing. Some B. henselae SA2 immunodominant proteins were recognized by dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Bartonella spp. other than B. henselae Additional research is necessary to more fully define the utility of WB for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses.
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Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Western Blotting , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Pruebas SerológicasRESUMEN
Infective endocarditis, an infrequent clinical syndrome in dogs, is typically associated with nondescript clinical signs such as fever, malaise and loss of appetite. Although an uncommonly reported infection in dogs, Pasteurella canis is an emerging pathogen with increasing relevance in the human microbiology literature. The goal of this study is to detail the clinical presentation and microbiological findings associated with a novel causative agent of infective endocarditis in the dog. Diagnostic evaluation as well as conventional, automated and molecular microbiological methods are highlighted. The recent literature regarding P. canis and infective endocarditis in companion animals and humans is reviewed. Although an unusual etiologic agent of infective endocarditis, awareness of P. canis as a diagnostic possibility is crucial to accurate microbial surveillance.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Infecciones por Pasteurella/veterinaria , Pasteurella/clasificación , Animales , Perros , Endocarditis Bacteriana/microbiología , Resultado Fatal , Masculino , Infecciones por Pasteurella/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Ineffective erythropoiesis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old male castrated Labrador Retriever. Despite treatment with immunosuppressive therapy for suspected immune-mediated erythrocyte maturation arrest, resolution of the nonregenerative anemia was not achieved. Following documentation of Bartonella henselae bacteremia by Bartonella alpha proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued, and the anemia resolved following prolonged antibiotic therapy. Bartonella immunofluorescent antibody testing was negative, whereas B henselae western blot was consistently positive. The contribution of B henselae bacteremia to ineffective erythropoiesis remains unknown; however, the potential role of B henselae in the pathophysiology of bone marrow dyscrasias warrants additional investigation.
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Anemia/veterinaria , Angiomatosis Bacilar/etiología , Angiomatosis Bacilar/veterinaria , Bartonella henselae , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Eritropoyesis , Anemia/complicaciones , Anemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anemia/microbiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , MasculinoRESUMEN
Escherichia coli is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. This report describes a case of native valve endocarditis caused by Escherichia coli in a 58-year-old male renal transplant patient who had a concurrent urinary tract infection caused by the same organism. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and recovered without surgical intervention.
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BACKGROUND: Vector-borne diseases of dogs in Australian Aboriginal communities are relatively unexplored. These dogs represent a unique group with variable ecto- and endo-parasitic burdens, nutritional stresses and a general lack of veterinary intervention. We investigated haemoprotozoal and bacterial pathogen prevalences in relation to erythrocyte and platelet numbers in dogs from North-West New South Wales (N-W NSW) and the Northern Territory (NT; Central Australia). METHODS: Real-time PCR (qPCR) amplification of Anaplasma platys, Babesia vogeli, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and Bartonella spp., serological screening for Coxiella burnetii, and Bartonella spp. and haematological analyses were performed on dogs from the two cohorts (96 dogs in total). Brucella suis serology was determined additionally for the N-W NSW cohort. RESULTS: Anaplasma platys (n = 26 dogs), Babesia vogeli (n = 7), Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (n = 10 dogs), and Mycoplasma haemocanis (n = 14) were detected in the sample population (n = 96) using qPCR. There were significant associations between (i) A. platys and anaemia (OR 8.7, CI 2.4-31.7; P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 12.1, CI 3.4-43.2; P < 0.001) and breed (OR 16.1, CI 2.1-121.5; P = 0.007), and (ii) between B. vogeli and anaemia (OR 11.8, CI 2.3-61.6; P = 0.003). Neither protozoal nor bacterial DNA loads, estimated using qPCR, were positively correlated with anaemia or thrombocytopenia. Haemotropic mycoplasmas were not associated with any haematologic abnormality. Four dogs from the NT were seropositive for Coxiella burnetii, while no dogs were seropositive for Brucella suis or to a panel of Bartonella spp. antigens. Despite directed efforts, Bartonella DNA was not detected in blood from any of the cohorts studied. A sample of dogs from the NT recruited specifically for Bartonella α-proteobacteria growth medium enrichment blood culture were also Bartonella PCR negative. CONCLUSIONS: Vector-borne pathogens occur in dogs free ranging near Aboriginal communities, with higher detection rates in NT than N-W NSW. The preponderant haematologic abnormalities were anaemia and thrombocytopenia, likely attributable to A. platys and B. vogeli infections, but also probably affected by nutritional, parasitic, lactational and environmental stressors. The absence of Bartonella spp. is of importance to the Australian setting, and work needs to be extended to tropical coastal communities where fleas are present as well as ticks. Dogs living in and around Aboriginal communities may provide valuable sentinel information on disease infection status of human public health significance.
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Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Anemia/veterinaria , Animales , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Coxiella burnetii/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano , ADN Protozoario , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Humanos , Mycoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Nueva Gales del Sur/epidemiología , Northern Territory/epidemiología , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Trombocitopenia/veterinaria , Zoonosis/microbiología , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: As a result of extensive field-related activities, military working dogs (MWDs) have an increased occupational risk for acquiring vector-borne infectious diseases. METHODS: Indirect fluorescent antibody, Bartonella alpha-proteobacteria growth medium enrichment culture, and 16-23S Bartonella intergenic transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction were performed using blood, serum, or tissue specimens. RESULTS: Endocarditis was diagnosed in three MWDs infected with Bartonella vinsonii subspecies (subsp.) berkhoffii genotype III. One dog was also infected with Bartonella rochalimae. CONCLUSIONS: B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype III may represent an occupational risk for MWDs that develop endocarditis or myocarditis. Comprehensive periodic screening for canine vector-borne infections, in particular occult infections caused by Bartonella spp, is prudent to avoid serious or life-threating illnesses.
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Infecciones por Bartonellaceae/complicaciones , Bartonellaceae/patogenicidad , Endocarditis/veterinaria , Personal Militar , Miocarditis/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones por Bartonellaceae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bartonellaceae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Endocarditis/etiología , Femenino , Masculino , Miocarditis/etiologíaRESUMEN
Following recent tick exposure in Arkansas, a 2-year-old, female spayed Labradoodle was examined because of a one-week history of lethargy and shifting-leg lameness. The dog was febrile, had prominent lymph nodes, dull mentation, a stiff gait, and left forelimb lameness. Thrombocytopenia was the only initial hematological or biochemical abnormality. Despite treatment with doxycycline for suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the dog continued to have waxing and waning clinical signs including inappetence, fever, shifting-leg lameness, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and weight loss in association with moderate to severe hematological abnormalities, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis. Sequential serological testing confirmed Bartonella henselae, Bartonella koehlerae and R. rickettsii seroconversion. Doxycycline, enrofloxacin and clarithromycin were administered in sequential combination for treatment of rickettsioses, B. henselae and B. koehlerae. Prednisone, thyroid supplementation and other drugs were administered to elicit symptomatic improvement. Based upon seroreversion, and the eventual resolution of all clinical and hematological abnormalities, therapeutic elimination of all three pathogens was seemingly achieved. Whether cortisol insufficiency due to adrenal exhaustion syndrome or post-infectious immune-mediated sequelae contributed to the symptoms and pathophysiological abnormalities reported in this dog was not determined, but are considerations for future cases.
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INTRODUCTION: To describe the clinical presentation, clinicopathological abnormalities and outcomes of a series of cats diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) at two tertiary care referral institutions. ANIMALS: Thirteen client-owned cats presenting to the cardiology or emergency services of tertiary referral institutions with a diagnosis of endocarditis based on the modified Duke criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed to extract relevant data. In addition, cases that had cardiac tissue available were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Bartonella DNA. RESULTS: Prevalence of feline IE was 0.007%. Cats with endocarditis tended to be older (median age: 9 years, range: 2-12 years) and no sex or breed was overrepresented. Commonly encountered clinical signs included respiratory distress (n = 5) and locomotor abnormalities of varying severity (n = 5). Echocardiographic examination detected valvular lesions consistent with endocarditis on the aortic (n = 8) or mitral (n = 5) valves. Nine cats were diagnosed with congestive heart failure at the time of endocarditis diagnosis. Overall, prognosis was grave with a median survival time of 31 days. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to dogs, cats with IE typically present with clinical signs consistent with cardiac decompensation and locomotor abnormalities suggestive of either thromboembolic disease or inflammatory arthritis. Given the advanced state of disease when diagnosis typically occurs, prognosis is grave.
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Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/veterinaria , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/fisiopatología , Gatos , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Endocarditis Bacteriana/fisiopatología , Femenino , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The genus Bartonella is comprised of a rapidly increasing number of pathogenic species that induce a seemingly diverse spectrum of neurological symptoms. During the 12 year period that followed the initial onset of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, an 11 year-old girl experienced a spectrum of neurological complaints including frequent headaches, visual and auditory hallucinations, anxiety, vision loss involving the lower left quadrant of both eyes, episodic bouts of generalized paralysis, facial palsy, chronic insomnia, seizures, dizziness, cognitive dysfunction, and memory loss. PCR assays targeting Bartonella spp. were used to test formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded brain tissue, patient blood specimens and Bartonella alpha Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood cultures. PCR positive amplicons were sequenced directly and compared to GenBank sequences. Bartonella spp. serology was performed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize B. henselae organisms in resected brain. RESULTS: Bartonella henselae DNA was independently PCR amplified and sequenced from the girl's right parietal lobe, surgically resected in 2000 and from a blood specimen collected in 2012. Although causation cannot be established by a case report, prior diagnostic testing resulted in findings that were either inconclusive or within normal reference ranges and no etiological diagnosis had been obtained to explain the patient's initial or progressive neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: As intravascular, intra-erythrocytic and endotheliotropic bacteria, it is possible that B. henselae initially induced a vasculitis, resulting in secondary cerebral infarction, tissue necrosis and surgical resection. Bartonella bacteremia, potentially spanning a 12-year time frame, in conjunction with the therapeutic administration of immunosuppressive drugs may have resulted in a progression and potentiation of the neurological disease that was partially reversible following antibiotic administration.
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Infecciones por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral/etiología , Vasculitis/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia , Infecciones por Bartonella/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/inmunología , Encéfalo/microbiología , Encéfalo/patología , Canadá , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Vasculitis/complicaciones , Vasculitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and successful management of a febrile dog with polyarthritis, splenic vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction that was infected with Bartonella henselae. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service for evaluation of limping, fever, vomiting, and malaise of 4 days' duration. Physical examination abnormalities included generalized weakness, diminished conscious proprioception, bilateral temporalis muscle atrophy, and diarrhea. Peripheral lymph nodes were normal, and there were no signs of abdominal organomegaly, joint effusion, or spinal pain. Abdominal ultrasound identified a nonocclusive splenic vein thrombus. Fine-needle aspirates of the spleen revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation, mild reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, and mild extramedullary hematopoiesis. Splenic histopathology found marked, multifocal to coalescing acute coagulation necrosis (splenic infarctions) and fibrinoid necrotizing vasculitis. Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from the splenic tissue. The dog responded favorably to antimicrobials and was healthy at the time of follow-up evaluation. NEW AND UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: Bartonella henselae is an incompletely characterized emerging canine pathogen. This case report establishes a potential role for this bacterium as a cause of vasculitis and thromboembolism, which have not been previously reported in association with B. henselae infection in dogs.
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Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Infarto/veterinaria , Bazo/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedades del Bazo/veterinaria , Vasculitis/veterinaria , Animales , Infecciones por Bartonella/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bartonella/patología , Bartonella henselae/genética , ADN Bacteriano , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Infarto/etiología , Enfermedades del Bazo/microbiología , Enfermedades del Bazo/patología , Trombosis/veterinaria , Vasculitis/patologíaRESUMEN
Bartonella species constitute emerging, vector-borne, intravascular pathogens that produce long-lasting bacteremia in reservoir-adapted (natural host or passive carrier of a microorganism) and opportunistic hosts. With the advent of more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, there is evolving microbiological evidence supporting concurrent infection with one or more Bartonella spp. in more than one family member; however, the mode(s) of transmission to or among family members remains unclear. In this study, we provide molecular microbiological evidence of Bartonella henselae genotype San Antonio 2 (SA2) infection in four of six Danish family members, including a child who died of unknown causes at 14 months of age.
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Angiomatosis Bacilar/diagnóstico , Angiomatosis Bacilar/microbiología , Bartonella henselae/clasificación , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Salud de la Familia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiomatosis Bacilar/transmisión , Bartonella henselae/genética , Niño , Femenino , Genotipo , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bartonella henselae, a Gram-negative, zoonotic Alphaproteobacteria that infects erythrocytes, endothelial cells and dendritic cells, has previously been implicated as a cause of panniculitis in dogs and a human. ANIMAL AND OWNER: An 8-year-old, spayed female Labrador retriever and its 78-year-old male owner living in the same household. METHODS AND RESULTS: When preliminary and advanced testing failed to identify the cause of near-simultaneous-onset dermatological lesions, Bartonella serology, Bartonella Alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to test specimens from the dog and owner. Bartonella henselae, genotype San Antonio 2 DNA was amplified and sequenced from the man's BAPGM enrichment blood culture and the dog's panniculitis lesion. The bacterium was visualized by immunohistochemistry in the dog's panniculitis lesion; however, neither the dog nor the owner was B. henselae seroreactive. Antibiotic therapy elicited dermatological improvement in both dog and owner. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Bartonella henselae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that induces granulomatous inflammatory lesions in various tissues of animals, including humans. We conclude that this bacterium had a contributory or causative role in the development of the dermatological lesions in the dog and owner.
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Angiomatosis Bacilar/veterinaria , Bartonella henselae , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Úlcera Cutánea/microbiología , Anciano , Angiomatosis Bacilar/diagnóstico , Angiomatosis Bacilar/patología , Angiomatosis Bacilar/transmisión , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , Perros , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Piel/patología , Zoonosis/diagnóstico , Zoonosis/microbiología , Zoonosis/patologíaRESUMEN
We investigated whether Bartonella spp. could cause endocarditis in coyotes or localize to cardiac valves before lesions develop. Bartonella DNA was amplified more often from coyote cardiac valves than spleen. Bartonella infection apparently leads to cardiac valve tropism, which could cause endocarditis, an often lethal complication in mammals, including humans.
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Enfermedades de los Animales/microbiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Bartonella/clasificación , Coyotes/microbiología , Endocarditis Bacteriana/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/veterinaria , Zoonosis/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Animales/epidemiología , Animales , Bartonella/genética , California/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano , Femenino , Genotipo , Geografía Médica , Masculino , Zoonosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Recent evidence suggest that Bartonella species may cause polyarthritis and lameness in dogs. Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum is a multi-systemic disease often occurring in association with arthritis. We hypothesized that concurrent Bartonella infection may be a contributing factor for the development of arthritis in dogs with CanL. Hence the primary objective of this study was to investigate the molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in dogs with naturally occurring CanL, with or without cytologically documented arthritis. Thirty-eight dogs with CanL (31 with neutrophilic arthritis and 7 without arthritis) were retrospectively studied. Seventy-four archived clinical specimens from these 38 dogs, including 33 blood samples, 19 bone marrow (BM) samples and synovial fluid (SF) aspirates from 22 dogs were tested for Bartonella spp. DNA using the Bartonella alpha proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) diagnostic platform. Overall, eight (21.1%) dogs were infected with one or two Bartonella species; however, Bartonella spp. infection was not associated with arthritis in dogs with CanL. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine if there is a correlation between Bartonella spp. infection and the development of arthritis in dogs with CanL.
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Artritis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Coinfección/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Animales , Artritis/microbiología , Artritis/patología , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Coinfección/microbiología , Coinfección/parasitología , Medios de Cultivo , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Perros , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Bartonella henselae is increasingly associated with a variety of pathological entities, which are often similar in dogs and human patients. Following an acute flea infestation, a dog developed an unusual clinical presentation for canine bartonellosis. Comprehensive medical, microbiological, and surgical interventions were required for diagnosis and to achieve a full recovery.
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Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Diarrea/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Prostatitis/diagnóstico , Esteatitis/patología , Animales , Infecciones por Bartonella/complicaciones , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/patología , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Infestaciones por Pulgas/complicaciones , Masculino , Prostatitis/microbiología , Prostatitis/patología , Esteatitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Canine vector borne diseases (CVBDs) comprise illnesses caused by a spectrum of pathogens that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Some dogs have persistent infections without apparent clinical, hematological or biochemical abnormalities, whereas other dogs develop acute illnesses, persistent subclinical infections, or chronic debilitating diseases. The primary objective of this study was to screen healthy dogs for serological and molecular evidence of regionally important CVBDs. METHODS: Clinically healthy dogs (n = 118), comprising three different groups: Gp I blood donor candidates (n = 47), Gp II healthy dog volunteers (n = 50), and Gp III stray dogs (n = 21) were included in the study. Serum and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) anti-coagulated blood specimens collected from each dog were tested for CVBD pathogens. RESULTS: Of the 118 dogs tested, 97 (82%) dogs had been exposed to or were infected with one or more CVBD pathogens. By IFA testing, 9% of Gp I, 42% of Gp II and 19% of Gp III dogs were seroreactive to one or more CVBD pathogens. Using the SNAP 4DX assay, Gp I dogs were seronegative for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and B. burgdorferi (Lyme disease) antibodies and D. immitis antigen. In Gp II, 8 dogs were Ehrlichia spp. seroreactive, 2 were infected with D. immitis and 1 was B. burgdorferi (Lyme disease) seroreactive. In Gp III, 6 dogs were infected with D. immitis and 4 were Ehrlichia spp. seroreactive. Using the BAPGM diagnostic platform, Bartonella DNA was PCR amplified and sequenced from 19% of Gp I, 20% of Gp II and 10% of Gp III dogs. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, 6% of Gps I and II and 19% of Gp III dogs were infected with other CVBD pathogens. CONCLUSION: The development and validation of specific diagnostic testing modalities has facilitated more accurate detection of CVBDs. Once identified, exposure to vectors should be limited and flea and tick prevention enforced.