Prevalence, risks factors, and control of hypertension in Guinean older adults in 2021: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of arterial hypertension increases with the aging of the population, but its magnitude remains insufficiently assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in elderly people in Guinea. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional general population survey, conducted among people aged ≥ 60 years. A stratified enumeration area random sample survey was conducted in the four natural regions of Guinea from February to April 2021. This study included an interview on sociodemographic data, and a clinical examination. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or previous diagnosis of hypertension (with or without antihypertensive medication). Hypertension control was defined as blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg during treatment. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 1698 adults (1079 men, mean age: 71.6 ± 9.4 years) had at least two blood pressure measurements. The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 61.4% [95% CI: 61.3-61.6], ranging from 52% in Middle Guinea to 67% in Upper Guinea, and was higher in women (65.2%: 65.0-65.4) than in men (59.1%:58.9-59.3). Among those with hypertension, 46.7% were unaware of their condition before the survey and 49.6% were on treatment and only 18.5% had controlled hypertension. Whatever the residence (rural or urban), increasing age, being unmarried, working as a trader or functionary, jobless, living in upper Guinea, low monthly income, intake of extra salt, known diabetic, overweight, and obesity increased the risk of hypertension. In urban area, female sex (AOR: 1.14: 1.12-1.17), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 3.08: 2.97-3.20), being Maninka (AOR: 1.26: 1.21-1.31), being Nguerze (AOR: 1.71: 1.63-1.81) increased the risk of hypertension, but living in forest Guinea (AOR: 0.88: 0.83-0.93), being Soussou (AOR: 0.88: 0.85-0.92) decreased the risk. In rural area, living in forest Guinea (AOR: 2.14: 2.03-2.26), being Soussou (AOR: 1.14: 1.12-1.17) increased the risk of hypertension, but female sex (AOR: 0.96: 0.94-0.98), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 0.87: 0.85-0.89), being Maninka (AOR: 0.94: 0.92-0.97), being Nguerze (AOR: 0.50: 0.47-0.52) decreased the risk. CONCLUSION: Hypertension is a major problem in the elderly population in Guinea, and the level of treatment and control in elderly with known hypertension is inadequate. The place of hypertension among cardiovascular diseases and the identification of associated factors underlines the need to develop innovative approaches to control this major risk factor.

[Place of the electrocardiogram in the visit of non-contra-indication to the practice of competitive sports between the ages of 12 and 35 : Survey of physicians who are members of the Guinean Association of Sports Physicians]. / Place de l'électrocardiogramme dans la visite de non-contre-indication à la pratique sportive de compétition entre 12 et 35 ans : enquête auprès des médecins membres de l'Association Guinéenne des Médecins Sportifs.

INTRODUCTION: An electrocardiogram (ECG), combined with a well-conducted clinical examination, is more effective than the clinical examination alone in detecting underlying cardiac pathologies in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ECGs by physicians who are members of the Guinean Association of Sports Physicians, during the non-contraindication visit for competitive sports between the ages of 12 and 35. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a web-survey from July 15 to August 15, 2023. A survey form was created on "Google Docs" and pre-tested. It was then broadcast on all the communication networks used by these doctors. The data were secured using "Google Drive" software. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 software. RESULTS: Of the 51 included, 74.51% said they had received at least one training session on ECG interpretation for athletes. All of them either requested or performed an ECG at least once in a while, as part of the check-up for non-contraindication to competitive sport. The ECG was systematic, according to 72.55% of doctors. Three quarters referred to a sports cardiologist in the event of an abnormal ECG, 66.67% to a cardiology resident and 58.82% to a cardiologist. In the absence of an ECG, the presence of functional signs on exertion, the notion of a family history of cardiovascular disease and the presence of at least two cardiovascular risk factors were the main reasons for seeking an opinion. CONCLUSION: A resting ECG is carried out almost systematically by doctors who are members of the Guinean Association of Sports Doctors, as part of the check-up for non-contraindication to practising sport.