Molecular interaction between three novel amino acid based deep eutectic solvents with surface active ionic liquid: A comparative study.

Interaction between a surface active ionic liquid (IL) viz. 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Dmim][Cl] with three novel amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DES, consisting of choline chloride and l-methionine (DES1), l-phenylalanine (DES2), and l-glutamine (DES3) in a 1: 2 mol ratio) is studied. Several techniques, including surface tension, fluorescence, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), were used to investigate the key micellar properties and intermolecular interactions between the IL and DESs. All the DESs studied here facilitate the micellization process successfully lowering the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of [Dmim][Cl] with addition of 5 wt% and 10 wt% of DESs. In decreasing order of DES2 > DES1 > DES3, the affinity to promote IL [Dmim][Cl] aggregation within aqueous DES solutions. Additionally, the CMC values as well as the surface tension at CMC are both noticeably reduced significantly by DES2. The surface tension method determines how three amino acid-based DESs affect the CMC, Гmax, πCMC, Amin and pC20 of micellization. When IL [Dmim][Cl] forms micelles within DES solutions, the solvophobic effect predominates, and the intermolecular hydrogen-bond interaction helps to form micelles. FTIR was used to examine the molecular interactions and structural changes of the ionic liquid self-assemblies in aqueous DESs. The results show that the presence of DESs greatly aids in the micellization of [Dmim][Cl], and to a greater extent for DES2 than for DES1/DES3. The colloidal properties of DES and their mixtures are advantageous for the solubility, micellization, and other features of ionic liquids; further details on this positive observation are provided in the results and discussion. In the areas of micellization, CMC, synthesis, catalysis, and environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical applications, among others, DESs are extremely useful.

Phase separation, aggregation, and complexation of triton-X100 and bovine serum albumin mixture: A combined cloud point and UV-visible spectroscopic approaches.

Phase separation and aggregation behaviour of triton X-100 (TX-100) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixture were investigated using cloud point and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The effects of various hydrotropes (HYTs) - namely, sodium salicylate (SS), sodium benzoate (SB), glycerol (Glyc), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) - on the cloud point (CP) of TX-100 + BSA were determined. The obtained CP values for the mixed system in the presence of HYTs followed the order: The measured critical micellization concentration (CMC) values of the TX-100 + BSA mixture were found to be significantly altered with varying amounts of BSA. The calculated free energy of clouding and micellization indicated the non-spontaneous nature of the phase transition and the spontaneous association of the TX-100 + BSA mixture. The non-spontaneity of phase separation decreased with increasing concentrations of HYTs. The enumerated values of ∆Hco and ∆Sco were consistently recorded as negative and positive magnitudes, respectively, in all aqueous HYTs media. The clouding process occurred due to a combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The binding constant of the mixed system was determined employing the UV-vis spectroscopic method using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation.

Study of the molecular interaction of a phosphonium-based ionic liquid within myo-inositol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used as carriers and solubilizers as well as for increasing the effectiveness of drugs. In the present investigation, the micellar properties of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PILs) such as trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([P666(14)][THPP]) and the effect of carbocyclic sugar-based myo-inositol (MI) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.e. ibuprofen (IBU) or aspirin (ASP), on the PIL micellar system were studied using surface tension, conductivity, colorimetry, viscometry, FTIR, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) at a temperature of 299 ± 0.5 K. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), particle size, zeta potential, and various interfacial parameters were also included i.e., efficiency of adsorption (pC20), surface tension at CMC (γCMC), minimum surface area per molecule (Amin), surface pressure at CMC (πCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), and various thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption , standard Gibbs free energy of micellization per alkyl tail , standard Gibbs free energy of the air-water interface (ΔG(s)min), standard Gibbs free energy of transfer , and standard Gibbs free energy of micellization . The adsorption and micellization characteristics became more spontaneous, as shown by the more negative values of and . Viscosity-based rheological properties were calculated for various PIL + MI and PIL + MI + NSAID systems. According to the DLS data, the PIL (Z = 316.4 nm) micellar system generates substantially bigger micelles in an aqueous solution of MI + ASP (Z = 801.7 nm) than in MI + IBU (Z = 674.7 nm). FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interactions of PIL with MI + ASP and MI + IBU, where it was observed that MI + IBU shows good agreement with the PIL system compared to MI + ASP. The current research will have effects on pharmaceutical sciences, molecular biology, and drug delivery.

Micellization Behavior of Conventional Cationic Surfactants within Glycerol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent.

The aggregation behavior of two cationic surfactants, i.e., cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (CDMEAB) and cetyltributylphosphonium bromide (CTBPB), within an aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES) is studied. The synthesized DES is composed of 1:2 mole ratio of choline chloride and glycerol and is further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques. The critical micellar concentration (CMC), micellar size, and intermolecular interaction in surfactants within Gly-based DES solutions are investigated by various techniques including surface tension, conductivity, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), FTIR, 1H NMR, and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). The various interfacial properties and thermodynamic parameters are determined in the presence of 5 wt % glyceline (Gly)-based DES in an aqueous solution. The CMC, aggregation number (N agg), and Stern-Volmer constant (K sv) have also been determined by a steady-state fluorescence method. DLS is used to obtain information regarding the size of the aggregates formed by the cationic surfactants in DES solutions. FTIR spectroscopy is used to study the surfactant-DES interactions that tune the micellar structure of the surfactants within the Gly-based DES solution. The functional groups involved in the interactions (H-bonding and electrostatic) are the head groups (HO-CH2-CH2-N+ ion for CDMEAB and quaternary phosphonium (P+) ion for CTBPB) of the surfactants with the -OH-containing Gly DES. The hydrophobic moieties are involved in the hydrophobic interactions. The 1H NMR data show that differences in chemical shifts can provide significant information about the interactions taking place within the system. 1H NMR and NOESY techniques are further employed to strengthen our claim on the feasible structural arrangements within the aqueous surfactant-DES self-assembled structures. It is observed that both the cationic surfactants, i.e., CDMEAB and CTBPB, form self-assembled nanostructures in the Gly-based DES solutions. The present results are expected to be useful for colloidal solutions of DES and their mixtures with water.

Multi-spectroscopic investigation on the inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextrin with long chain ionic liquid.

Host-guest interaction of ionic liquid (IL) 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Dmim][BF4] within α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) has been studied by different spectroscopic techniques and our investigated system is significant in the field of supramolecular chemistry and medicine. Benesi-Hildebrand correlation is used to study the stoichiometry of the host-guest complexation. Here concurrence with FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results, it is shown that α-CD interacts with [Dmim][BF4], induces compositional and structural changes. Characterization of the [Dmim][BF4]-α-CD inclusion complex (IC) by 1H NMR spectroscopy provided information about the complexation among the [Dmim][BF4] and α-CD molecules and the structure of the ICs. 1H NMR results confirm the formation of inclusion complex (IC) while UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS and FTIR studies show development of IC with 1:1 stoichiometry. The present study can be highly applicable in the fields of pharmaceutical science, supra-molecular chemistry and material science.

Multi-spectroscopic monitoring of molecular interactions between an amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid and potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs.

Inhibiting the formation of amyloid fibrils is a crucial step in the prevention of the human neurological disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ionic liquid (IL) mediated interactions are an expedient approach that exhibits inhibition effects on amyloid fibrils. In view of the beneficial role of ILs, in this work we have explored complexation of anti-Alzheimer's drugs (i.e., tacrine and PC-37) and an amino acid-functionalized IL [AIL (4-PyC8)]. Maintaining standard physiological conditions, the binding mechanism, thermo-dynamical properties and binding parameters were studied by employing UV-vis, fluorescence, FTIR, 1H NMR, COSY and NOESY spectroscopy. The present investigation uncovers the fact that the interaction of anti-Alzheimer's drugs with 4-PyC8 is mediated through H-bonding and van der Waals forces. The Benesi-Hildebrand relation was used to evaluate the binding affinity and PC-37 showed the highest binding when complexed with 4-PyC8. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands at 3527.98 cm-1 and 3527.09 cm-1 for the PC-37 + 4-PyC8 system which is quite promising compared to tacrine. 1H-NMR experiments recorded deshielding for tacrine at relatively higher concentrations than PC-37. COSY investigations suggest that anti-Alzheimer's drugs after complexation with 4-PyC8 show a 1 : 1 ratio. The cross-peaks of the NOESY spectra involve correlations between anti-Alzheimer's drugs and AIL protons, indicating complexation between them. The observed results indicate that these complexes are expected to have a possible therapeutic role in reducing/inhibiting amyloid fibrils when incorporated into drug formulations.

Self-aggregation of bio-surfactants within ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: A comparative study and potential application in antidepressants drug aggregation.

Aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants (BS) sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) within aqueous solution of ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [Emim][Br] has been investigated using surface tension, conductivity, steady state fluorescence, FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Various interfacial and thermodynamic parameters are determined in the presence of different wt% of IL [Emim][Br]. Information regarding the local microenvironment and size of the aggregates is obtained from fluorescence and DLS, respectively. FT-IR spectral response is used to reveal the interactions taking place within aqueous NaC/NaDC micellar solutions. It is noteworthy to mention that increasing wt% of [Emim][Br] results in an increase in the spontaneity of micelle formation and the hydrophilic IL shows more affinity for NaC as compared to NaDC. Further, the micellar solutions of BS-[Emim][Br] are utilized for studying the aggregation of antidepressants drug promazine hydrochloride (pH). UV-vis spectroscopic investigation reveals interesting outcomes and the results show changes in spectral absorbance of PH drug on the addition of micellar solution (BS-[Emim][Br]). Highest binding affinity and most promising activity are shown for NaC as compared to NaDC.

Self-assembly of a short-chain ionic liquid within deep eutectic solvents.

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are receiving increased attention from both academic and industrial research due to their immense application potential. These designer solvents are environmentally friendly in nature with tunable physicochemical properties. In the present investigation, we have studied the aggregation behavior of a short-chain IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate [Bmim][OS] within aqueous DESs using fluorescence, UV-vis, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. We have prepared two DESs, ChCl-urea and ChCl-Gly, which are obtained by heating a mixture of an ammonium salt choline chloride with hydrogen bond donor urea or glycerol, respectively, in 1 : 2 molar ratios. The local microenvironment and size of the aggregates are obtained from steady state fluorescence (using pyrene and pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde as polarity probes) and DLS measurements, respectively. DLS results shows that IL [Bmim][OS] forms relatively larger micelles within the aqueous solution of DES ChCl-urea (avg. hydrodynamic radii = 209 nm) than compared to ChCl-Gly (avg. hydrodynamic radii = 135 nm). A significant decrease in the critical micelle concentration and increase in the aggregation number (N agg) are observed within DES solutions as compared to that in water, thus indicating that the micellization process of the IL [Bmim][OS] is much favored in the DES solutions. Molecular interactions of [Bmim][OS] in DESs are revealed from FT-IR spectroscopic investigation. Furthermore, these systems were applied to study the IL-drug binding of the antidepressant drug promazine hydrochloride (PH).