RESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, but early diagnosis ameliorates the survival of CRC. This report aimed to identify molecular biomarker signatures in CRC. We analyzed two microarray datasets (GSE35279 and GSE21815) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify mutual differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We integrated DEGs with proteinâ»protein interaction and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory networks to identify reporter signaling and regulatory molecules; utilized functional overrepresentation and pathway enrichment analyses to elucidate their roles in biological processes and molecular pathways; performed survival analyses to evaluate their prognostic performance; and applied drug repositioning analyses through Connectivity Map (CMap) and geneXpharma tools to hypothesize possible drug candidates targeting reporter molecules. A total of 727 upregulated and 99 downregulated DEGs were detected. The PI3K/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, and cell cycle were identified as significantly enriched pathways. Ten hub proteins (ADNP, CCND1, CD44, CDK4, CEBPB, CENPA, CENPH, CENPN, MYC, and RFC2), 10 transcription factors (ETS1, ESR1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, AR, YBX1, FOXP3, E2F4, and PRDM14) and two microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-193b-3p and miR-615-3p) were detected as reporter molecules. The survival analyses through Kaplanâ»Meier curves indicated remarkable performance of reporter molecules in the estimation of survival probability in CRC patients. In addition, several drug candidates including anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agents were repositioned. This study presents biomarker signatures at protein and RNA levels with prognostic capability in CRC. We think that the molecular signatures and candidate drugs presented in this study might be useful in future studies indenting the development of accurate diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker screens and efficient therapeutic strategies in CRC.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína 2 Similar a ELAV/genética , Genes Reguladores/genética , Genes Reporteros/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Diagnóstico Precoz , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Pronóstico , Transducción de Señal , Análisis de Supervivencia , Biología de Sistemas/métodosRESUMEN
The study was conducted to select the best promising keratinolytic bacterial strain. A good keratinase positive bacterium isolated from the soil samples of Hazaribagh tannery industrial zone, Dhaka was identified as Arthrobacter genus depending on the conventional techniques and confirmed as Arthrobacter sp. by sequencing 16S rRNA gene. The medium components and culture conditions were optimized to enhance keratinase production through shake flask culture. Keratin and feather powder (10 g/l or 1%) were good substrates for the highest keratinase production along with yeast extract (0.2 g/l or 0.02%) as an organic nitrogen source and potassium nitrate (1 g or 0.1%) as an inorganic nitrogen source. Maximum yield of keratinase was found after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C with an initial pH of 7.0 and inoculums volume 5% under 150 rpm when keratin, yeast extract and potassium nitrate were used as nutrient sources. Keratinase production was more than 5.0-fold increased when all optimized parameters were applied simultaneously. The optimum reaction temperature and pH were determined to be 40 °C and 8.0 respectively for crude keratinase activity. Therefore, Arthrobacter sp. NFH5 might be used for large scale production of keratinase for industrial purposes in less time.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The present work aimed to find out the antibacterial activity of Nymphaea nouchali flower on human and plant pathogenic bacteria. METHODS: Antibacterial potency of methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and petroleum spirit extracts of Nymphaea nouchali flower has been tested against four human pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (FO 3026) Escherichia coli (IFO 3007), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATTC 10031) and Sarcina lutea (IFO 3232) and one plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris (IAM 1671) by disc diffusion assay. Zone of inhibition produced by different extracts against the test bacteria was measured and compared with standard antibiotic disc. RESULTS: Methanol extract possessed better antibacterial activity against two pathogenic bacteria, B. subtilis (FO 3026) and S. lutea (IFO 3232) than commercial antibiotic nalidixic acid. Acetone extract showed moderate sensitivity whereas B. subtilis (FO 3026), S. lutea (IFO 3232) and X. campestris (IAM 1671) showed resistance to ethyl acetate and petroleum spirit extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of various extracts were ranged between 128-2048 µgml-1. CONCLUSIONS: Nymphaea nouchali flower could be a potential candidate for future development of novel broad spectrum antibacterial herbal formulation.
