Analysis of neutrophil functional activity in patients with chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis after treatment with interferon gamma.

Chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis (CPRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses, accompanied by the formation and recurrent growth of polyps. PDRS is an urgent medical problem, because it is difficult to treat and is accompanied by constant exacerbations. The important role of neutrophil granulocytes in the pathogenesis of CPRS has been proved, as they are the first line of defense in response to tissue damage and active participants in the pathological process. There is evidence of successful use of immunocorrectors in the treatment of patients with CPPS, but they are often prescribed without regard to possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. One of the promising immunomodulators of local use is a preparation of human recombinant interferon gamma. It is known that interferon gamma is able to activate neutrophils due to the receptors to this cytokine, which are located on their surface. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional activity of neutrophils in patients with CPPS and the effect of human recombinant interferon gamma on these indicators. Thirty-five patients with CHRS were examined before and after therapy with intranasal interferon gamma. The control group included 30 healthy subjects. Functional activity of neutrophils was studied in whole blood by chemiluminescent method using double stimulation. Patients with CPRS before treatment revealed increased indexes of neutrophils stimulated activity, maximal intensity of cells luminescence, activation coefficient and decreased time of neutrophils output at maximal luminescence. After treatment with intranasal preparation of interferon gamma there was significant decrease of spontaneous and stimulated activity of neutrophils and maximum intensity of cell luminescence. As a result, after the treatment, in patients with CHRS the values of stimulated production of neutrophils and maximum intensity of cell luminescence were reduced to the level of the control group, and the spontaneous activity of neutrophils was even lower than in healthy subjects, while the neutrophils activation factor remained elevated as in patients before therapy. The results obtained testify to normalization of the main indexes of neutrophil functional activity in CHPS patients after treatment with human recombinant interferon gamma.

Evaluation of neutrophil functional activity for rhinosinusitis diagnosis.

Bacterial rhinosinusitis (BRS) is a complicated form of rhinosinusitis, characterized by its acute course and tendency to chronicity. A significant role in pathogenetic mechanisms of HRS is played by functional state of neutrophils responsible for inflammation development at HRS. Investigation of neutrophils metabolic activity on external stimuli by chemiluminescence method in patients with acute and chronic forms of the disease will enable to develop method of differential diagnostics of BRS forms. The examination of 65 patients with BRS which were divided into patients with acute form (n=35) and chronic form of the disease (n=30) was carried out. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Functional activity of neutrophils was studied in whole blood by chemiluminescence with double stimulation (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In patients with the acute form of BRS we found an increase in parameters of specific maximum intensity of neutrophils luminescence, light sum of spontaneous and stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and a decrease in time to maximum output. Patients with the chronic form of BRS revealed a decrease in the luminescence of spontaneous, stimulated neutrophil production and maximum luminescence intensity. On the basis of significant differences in chemiluminescence indices of neutrophils, a method of differential diagnosis of the BRS forms was developed. The results obtained testify to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils in the process of killing in patients with acute form of LRS and depletion of cell function and reserve in patients with the chronic form. Developed on the basis of the studied indicators method of diagnosing the forms of BRS by chemiluminescence will allow to differentiate acute and chronic forms of the disease, which will increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients.

[The comparative characteristic of cytokine production in serum and whole blood in patients with chronic autoimmune nettle rash].

The sampling of 100 patients with chronic autoimmune nettle rash and control group of 30 healthy donors was analyzed for identification of level of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18 and γ-interferon (IFN) in serum of patients. The same sampling was examined using method ex vivo for spontaneous and induced production by cells of immune system. In patients with chronic autoimmune nettle rash increasing of spontaneous production of IL-4 and spontaneous and induced production of IL-17 and IFN was identified. The decreasing of spontaneous and induced production of IL-18 was detected too. These occurrences indicate to simultaneous activation of Th1, Th2 and Th17-population of T-lymphocytes. The analysis of level of cytokines in blood serum established only decreasing of level of IL-4 in patients with chronic autoimmune nettle rash as compared with healthy individuals. The level of other analyzed cytokines had no reliable differences that demonstrate both low informativeness of detection ofcontent of cytokines in blood serum and advantage of application of method ex vivo with detection of level of cytokines in whole blood.

[The vanadium compounds: chemistry, synthesis, insulinomimetic properties].

The review considers the biological role of vanadium, its participation in various processes in humans and other mammals, and the anti-diabetic effect of its compounds. Vanadium salts have persistent hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects and reduce the probability of secondary complications in animals with experimental diabetes. The review contains a detailed description of all major synthesized vanadium complexes having antidiabetic activity. Currently, vanadium complexes with organic ligands are more effective and safer than the inorganic salts. Despite the proven efficacy of these compounds as the anti-diabetic agents in animal models, only one organic complex of vanadium is currently under the second phase of clinical trials. All of the considered data suggest that vanadium compound are a new promising class of drugs in modern pharmacotherapy of diabetes.

[Immune status parameters in patients with allergic airway diseases with bacterial sensitization].

In-depth analysis was made to study immunological parameters in 188 patients with allergic airway diseases (AAD) and bacterial sensitization and in 40 healthy individuals. No substantial changes were found in the count of CD3+, CD4+, CD20+, and CD8+ cells. However, it was ascertained that the patients with AAD showed a significant reduction in the peripheral blood levels of natural killer and CD95+ cells, at the same time there was an increase in CD25+-activated lymphocytes and in the absolute count of CD8+ cells and total IgE. As compared with the healthy individuals, the patients with ADD had elevated interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-4 and decreased interferon-gamma in cytokine immunoregulation. Thus, the study conducted leads one to believe that AAD with bacterial sensitization is an immunopathological process with a predominance of a Th2-dependent immune response.

[Parameters of the immune status in patients with allergic airway diseases with bacterial sensitization].

In-depth analysis was made to study immunological parameters in 188 patients with allergic airway diseases (AAD) and in 40 healthy individuals. No substantial changes were found in the count of CD3+, CD4+, CD20+, and CD8+ cells. However, in the patients with AAD, there was a significant reduction in the peripheral blood levels of natural killer and CD95+ cells, at the same time there was an increase in CD25+-activated lymphocytes and in the absolute content of CD8+ cells and total IgE. As compared with the healthy individuals, the patients with ADD had elevated IL-1 and IL-4 and decreased IFN-gamma in cytokine immunoregulation. Thus, the study conducted leads one to believe that AAD with bacterial sensitization is an immunopathological process with a predominance of a Th2-dependent immune response.

[Grounds for treatment of patients with infectious-allergic rhinitis with bacterial allergens].

We studied mechanisms of cell and humoral immunity in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) with bacterial allergens in patients with infectious-allergic rhinosinusitis (IAR). Measurements of cytokines determining the type of immune response in conduction of ASIT with bacterial allergens (IL-2 and IL-6) have demonstrated that ASIT shifted cytokines balance to prevalence of Th1 cells. Good and excellent results were achieved in 80% IAR patients. Thus, T-lymphocyte activation of immune system is essential in the mechanism of IAR formation.

[Content of total immunoglobulin E in patients with acute appendicitis]. / Soderzhanie obshchego immunoglobulina E u bol'nykh s ostrym appenditsitom.

The authors investigated the content of total immunoglobulin E in 34 patients with different forms of acute appendicitis. Higher level of immunoglobulin E was revealed in 19 patients. All the patients had destructive forms of appendicitis, in the third of the patients they were complicated by the development of local peritonitis or by spread of the inflammation outside the appendix. The postoperative period in patients with the elevated level of immunoglobulin E was characterized by a higher incidence of purulent wound complications which can be accounted for by the initially more severe forms of lesions of the appendix.

[Immunological bases of tuberculin therapy in combined treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Immunologicheskoe obsledovanie tuberkulinoterapii v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

Mantoux test with 2 TU and tuberculin test results gave evidence for the pattern of body responses. A form of tuberculin therapy is suggested. The latter is shown to stimulate a spontaneous and BCG-enhanced NBT test (p < 0.05) and specific desensitization in the absence of humoral immunity changes (IgM, IgG, IgA and titers of circulating antituberculous antibodies).