[Personalized character of toxic effects through mass nonlethal poisoning by phenazepam and other psychoactive substances]. / Personifitsirovannyi kharakter toksicheskikh effektov na primere massovykh nesmertel'nykh otravlenii fenazepamom i drugimi psikhoaktivnymi veshchestvami.

Over several months, 14 people were admitted in 6 hospitals with severe symptoms of intoxication with psychoactive substances as a result of mass poisoning. All symptoms occurred after taking a drink that contained crushed phenazepam tablets. Samples of blood (n=10) and urine (n=6) taken from 14 sufferers for forensic, chemical and toxicological examination were analyzed using the HPLC-MS/MS method. Phenazepam was detected in the biomaterial of all 14 patients. Other psychoactive substances (baclofen, pregabalin, chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine, phenibut, tramadol, diazepam), narcotic substances and ethanol were also found in the sufferers. The phenazepam concentration in the blood was in the range of 109.75-786.50 ng/ml, in the urine - 8.97-101.28 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic characteristics of toxicants as well as additional factors characterizing the phenotype of the sufferer in addition to drug's content in the biological material must be taken into account to determine the toxicity level of phenazepam against the background of combined action with other psychoactive substances.

[Features of obtaining of biological material during emergency incidents with human victims, its referral and forensic chemical examination]. / Osobennosti iz"yatiya, napravleniya i provedeniya sudebno-khimicheskoi ekspertizy biologicheskogo materiala pri chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh s chelovecheskimi zhertvami.

In this article, we consider features of the referral of biological material and assessment of medical and legal chemical researches at emergencies of technogenic character, plane crashes, the fires with the numerous human victims. Practical recommendations on obtaining of biological material for a research on volatile organic compounds, including ethyl alcohol and its metabolites, volatile products of burning, including monoxide of carbon and cyanides are made. Features and the recommended order of conducting judicial and chemical examination at emergencies are designated.

[The study of fenspiride: goals and objectives for chemical and toxicological studies]. / Izuchenie fenspirida dlia tselei i zadach khimiko-toksikologicheskogo issledovaniia.

The purpose of this work is to study fenspiride for the purposes and tasks of chemical and toxicological research. The technique of chemical-toxicological study of fenspiride in urine by preliminary and confirming methods is proposed. The authors proposed a method of thin - layer chromatography in the solvent system of acetone - 25% ammonia solution (9:1) in a preliminary study of fenspiride. The Rf value of fenspiride is 0.80±0.02. The degree of extraction when used as an extractant mixture of chloroform-propanol (9:1) is 28.1±1.4% The conditions for identification of fenspiride by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (fenspiride retention time 11.1±0.1 minutes), followed by quantitative determination of the analyte, are proposed as a confirming method. The conditions for qualitative (retention time of fenspiride 8.1±0.1 minutes) and quantitative determination of fenspiride by high-performance liquid chromatography are proposed.

[The detection of the 25B-NBOMe derivative of phenylethylamine in the biological material]. / Obnaruzhenie 25B-NBOMe - proizvodnogo fenilétilamina v biologicheskom materiale.

This article is focused on the conditions for the detection and identification of 2-[4-bromo-2.5-dimethoxyl]-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl] ethamine (25B-NBOMe) and its major metabolites by the combination of the HPLC/MS/MS techniques. The high-resolution mass spectra obtained with the use of a linear ion trap are described. The results of the study give evidence of the possibility for the detection of the analytes within 24 hours after drug consumption and within 3 months after the storage of the biological material of interest in a refrigerator at a temperature of 3-5 °C. The data obtained confirmed high stability of 2-(4-bromo-2.5-dimethoxyl]-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl] ethamine and its metabolites in the biological tissues.

[The development and validation of the method for the identification of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate as the markers of the consumption of ethyl alcohol during one's lifetime]. / Razrabotka i validatsiia metodiki opredeleniia étilgliukuronida i étilsul'fata kak markerov prizhiznennogo upotrebleniia étilovogo spirta.

The objective of the present study was the development and validation of the rapid reproducible method for the identification of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate allowing to store and transport the study specimens without the loss of the substances of interest by placing the samples on the paper. We have developed the validated technique for the detection and quantitative determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in the cadaveric blood and urine by means of low-resolution tandem mass-spectroscopy with the use of deuterated derivatives of these substances as the internal standards. The low threshold for quantitative determination of both above substances is 50 ng/ml for the blood and 100 ng/ml for the urine. The method is characterized by the accuracy and precision with the coefficient of variation below 15% and the influence of the matrix with the coefficient of variation below 15%. The evaluation of stability of the two analytes in blood when stored in the dry condition on the paper carrier during 2 weeks showed that the coefficient of variation did not exceed 6.4%. The comparative study of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in the samples of cadaveric blood and urine containing from 0 to 5.2% of ethyl alcohol was carried out. The methods for the transportation of the biological fluids and for the extraction of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate placed on the paper carrier (Whatman 903) have been proposed. The possibility has been demonstrated to use ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate as the markers of the consumption of ethyl alcohol during one's lifetime for the purpose of investigation of the putrifactive changes of the blood components.