Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma occurrence in the site of previously treated ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: Imaging features with histopathologic correlation, a case report and review of the literature.

Key Clinical Message: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare biphasic tumor. This report documents the first case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma presenting in the location of a previously treated ductal carcinoma in order to increase the awareness of this entity as a potential differential for recurrent breast lesions. Abstract: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast is an exceedingly rare biphasic tumor, seldom documented in medical literature. This report describes the first known case of this entity at the site of a previously treated neoplasm in a 75-year-old female with a history of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ who presented with a new breast mass. Imaging demonstrated an oval shaped mass with microlobulated borders and hypoechoic echogenicity on ultrasound. Following multidisciplinary discussion, she underwent a mastectomy, revealing epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma with metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma. The patient began chemotherapy but discontinued due to poor tolerance and neurological complications. Generally, prognosis for epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumors 2019, 8562/3) is highly variable, with limited available data suggesting that epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma may follow a course similar to that of breast adenocarcinomas with both hematogenous and lymphatic spread. Treatment typically involves curative excision, though the role of axillary lymph node sampling remains under discussion. This case underscores the need for vigilance in post-treatment surveillance for breast cancer and highlights the importance of recognizing this entity in recurrent breast pathology.

Evaluation of chalcones as new glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors - an in-vitro and in-silico approach.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the pivotal diseases that have drawn the attention of researchers recently and during the last few decades. Due to its devastating symptoms, attempts to develop new drugs with mild side effects have resulted in a number of drugs that are functioning through various mechanisms. Among these, Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors emerged as a new strategy for combating DM. GP is an enzyme that regulates blood glucose levels; it catalyses the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate in the liver and tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands. In the present research, we evaluate the possibility of type 2 diabetes therapy with the help of chalcones which are known to have antidiabetic activities. For this purpose, 29 chalcones were modelled, synthesised and investigated for their inhibitory activity against GP using in-vitro methods. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were found to be the most potent compounds with IC50 values 26.6, 57.1 and 75.6 µM respectively. The observed results were further validated using in-silico methods. Molecular docking simulation revealed interaction patterns that explain the structure-activity relationships of the compounds with GP. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation demonstrated a stable complex formation between compound 1 and GP through lower value and uniformity in root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the complex and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of the protein Cα.