Biocontrol Strategy of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Pork Cooked Ham Using Peptic Hydrolysates of Porcine Hemoglobin.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that represents a serious concern for ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products due to its persistence in production facilities. Among the different strategies for the control of this pathogen, the use of antimicrobial peptides derived from food by-products, such as slaughterhouse blood proteins, has emerged as a promising biocontrol strategy. This study evaluated for the first time the use of peptic hydrolysates of porcine hemoglobin as a biocontrol strategy of L. monocytogenes in RTE pork cooked ham. Pure porcine hemoglobin (Hb-P) and porcine cruor (P-Cru) were hydrolyzed using pepsin at different temperatures (37 °C for Hb-P and 23 °C for P-Cru) for 3 h. Then, the hydrolysates were characterized in terms of their degree of hydrolysis (DH), peptide population, color, and antimicrobial activity (in vitro and in situ) against three different serotypes of L. monocytogenes. Reducing the hydrolysis temperature of P-Cru by 14 °C resulted in a 2 percentage unit decrease in DH and some differences in the peptide composition. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity (in situ) was not significantly impacted, decreasing the viable count of L. monocytogenes by ~1-log and retarding their growth for 21 days at 4 °C. Although the color of the product was visibly altered, leading to more saturated reddish and yellowish tones and reduced brightness, the discoloration of the hydrolysates can be addressed. This biopreservation approach holds promise for other meat products and contributes to the circular economy concept of the meat industry by valorizing slaughterhouse blood and producing new antilisterial compounds.

Translational approach to establish the cardiometabolic health effects and mechanisms of action of fish nutrients-it takes a village.

People use dietary supplements to offset nutritional deficiencies and manage metabolic dysfunction. While the beneficial effect of fish proteins on glucose homeostasis is well established, the ability of fish peptides to replicate the protein findings is less clear. With financial support from a programmatic Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) team grant, we aimed to identify salmon peptide fractions (SPF) with the potential to mitigate metabolic dysfunction. Additionally the grant aims included assessing whether vitamin D, a nutrient commonly found in salmon could potentiate the beneficial effects of salmon peptides. In parallel, technologies were developed to separate and filter the isolated peptides. We employed an integrative approach that combined nutritional interventions in animal models and human subjects to identify metabolic pathways regulated by salmon peptides and other fish nutrients. This combination of interdisciplinary expertise revealed that a SPF could be a therapeutic tool used in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. Herein, we present a perspective of our CIHR funded grant that utilized a translational approach to establish the cardiometabolic health effects and mechanisms of action of fish nutrients: from animal models to clinical trials.

A New Method for Growth Factor Enrichment from Dairy Products by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membranes: The Major Impact of Raw Product Pretreatment.

This study is focused on fractionation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-ß2 (TGF-ß2) using a new electro-based membrane process calledelectrodialysis with filtration membranes (EDFM). Before EDFM, different pretreatments were tested, and four pH conditions (4.25, 3.85, 3.45, and 3.05) were used during EDFM. It was demonstrated that a 1:1 dilution of defatted colostrum with deionized water to decrease mineral content followed by the preconcentration of GFs by UF is necessary and allow for these compounds to migrate to the recovery compartment during EDFM. MS analyses confirmed the migration, in low quantity, of only α-lactalbumin (α-la) and ß-lactoglobulin (ß-lg) from serocolostrum to the recovery compartment during EDFM. Consequently, the ratio of GFs to total protein in recovery compartment compared to that of feed serocolostrum solution was 60× higher at pH value 3.05, the optimal pH favoring the migration of IGF-I and TGF-ß2. Finally, these optimal conditions were tested on acid whey to also demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed process on one of the main by-products of the cheese industry; the ratio of GFs to total protein was 2.7× higher in recovery compartment than in feed acid whey solution, and only α-la migrated. The technology of GF enrichment for different dairy solutions by combining ultrafiltration and electrodialysis technologies was proposed for the first time.

Performance and Impact of Crosslinking Level of Hierarchical Anion-Exchange Membranes on Demineralization of a Complex Food Solution by Electrodialysis.

Promising results were recently reported for hierarchical ion-exchange membranes, fabricated by the UV crosslinking of a thin functional coating on a porous substrate, on model NaCl solution demineralization by electrodialysis (ED). Hierarchical anion-exchange membranes (hAEMs) have never been tested with complex solutions to demonstrate their potential use in the biofood industry. The impact of three different crosslinking densities of the ion-exchange coating (EbN-1, EbN-2 and EbN-3) on the performances of whey demineralization by ED was investigated and compared with commercial AMX. The results showed that by increasing the coating crosslinking density, the membrane conductivity decreased, leading to an increase in the global system resistance during whey demineralization (from +28% to +64%). However, 18% sweet whey solutions were successfully treated until 70% demineralization for all membranes. The energy consumption (averaged EbN value of 14.8 vs. 15.1 Wh for AMX) and current efficiency (26.0 vs. 27.4%) were similar to the control. Potential fouling by non-protein nitrogen was detected by ATR-FTIR for hAEMs impacting some membranes properties and ED performances. Overall, EbN-1 obtained results were comparable with the benchmark and can be considered as an alternative membrane for whey demineralization by ED and other applications in the demineralization of complex products from the food industry.

Targeted Anthocyanin Enrichment of Cranberry Juice by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membranes: Impact of Filtration Membrane Physicochemical Properties and Predictive Statistical Models.

To optimize cranberry juice enrichment, correlation between physicochemical properties of filtration membranes (FM) and anthocyanin migration was investigated during electrodialysis with filtration membranes (EDFM) using redundancy (RDA) and multivariate regression (MRGA) analyses. Six polyether sulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with molecular weight cut-offs between 150 and 500 kDa, commercially available at large scale, were characterized in terms of nine physicochemical characteristics and used for EDFM. The highest migration of total anthocyanin was obtained with PVDF 250 kDa, with a global migration rate of 3.5 ± 0.4 g/m2·h. RDA showed that two FM properties (mesopore porosity and hydrophilic porosity) were significantly negatively correlated to the anthocyanin's migration and explained 67.4% of their total variation in migration. Predictive MRGA models were also developed for each anthocyanin based on these significant FM properties. A combination of intermolecular interactions may lead to binding in a cooperative and synergistic mode and hinder the anthocyanin migration.

Correction: Muller et al. Optimization of Water Lentil (Duckweed) Leaf Protein Purification: Identification, Structure, and Foaming Properties. Foods 2023, 12, 3424.

In the original publication [...].

Identification of Fouling Occurring during Coupled Electrodialysis and Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis Treatment for Tofu Whey Protein Recovery.

Tofu whey, a by-product of tofu production, is rich in nutrients such as proteins, minerals, fats, sugars and polyphenols. In a previous work, protein recovery from tofu whey was studied by using a coupled environmental process of ED + EDBM to valorize this by-product. This process allowed protein recovery by reducing the ionic strength of tofu whey during the ED process and acidifying the proteins to their isoelectric point during EDBM. However, membrane fouling was not investigated. The current study focuses on the fouling of membranes at each step of this ED and EDBM process. Despite a reduction in the membrane conductivities and some changes in the mineral composition of the membranes, no scaling was evident after three runs of the process with the same membranes. However, it appeared that the main fouling was due to the presence of isoflavones, the main polyphenols in tofu whey. Indeed, a higher concentration was observed on the AEMs, giving them a yellow coloration, while small amounts were found in the CEMs, and there were no traces on the BPMs. The glycosylated forms of isoflavones were present in higher concentrations than the aglycone forms, probably due to their high amounts of hydroxyl groups, which can interact with the membrane matrices. In addition, the higher concentration of isoflavones on the AEMs seems to be due to a combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking, whereas only π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds were possible with the CEMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the potential fouling of BPMs by polyphenols, report the fouling of IEMs by isoflavones and propose potential interactions.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Lentil (Duckweed): An Emerging Source of Proteins for the Production of Antihypertensive Fractions.

Water lentil (Duckweed), an emerging protein source, is a small floating aquatic plant with agronomic and compositional characteristics rendering it a potential source of bioactive peptides. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweeds has only been carried out to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydrolysates. The main objectives of this study were to perform enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed powder utilizing several enzymes and to evaluate the final antihypertensive activity of the fractions. Duckweed powder was efficiently hydrolyzed by pepsin, chymotrypsin, papain and trypsin, with degree of hydrolysis ranging from 3% to 9%, even without prior extraction and concentration of proteins. A total of 485 peptide sequences were identified in the hydrolysates and only 51 were common to two or three hydrolysates. It appeared that phenolic compounds were released through enzymatic hydrolyses and primarily found in the supernatants after centrifugation at concentrations up to 11 mg gallic acid/g sample. The chymotryptic final hydrolysate, the chymotryptic supernatant and the papain supernatant increased the ACE inhibitory activity by more than 6- to 8-folds, resulting in IC50 values ranging between 0.55 to 0.70 mg peptides/mL. Depending on the fraction, the ACE-inhibition was attributed to either bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds or a synergistic effect of both. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of duckweed proteins to produce bioactive peptides with therapeutic applications in mind.

Optimization of Water Lentil (Duckweed) Leaf Protein Purification: Identification, Structure, and Foaming Properties.

Water lentil, commonly known as duckweed, is an aquatic plant with great agronomic potential, as it can double its biomass in less than 24 h and contains up to 45% leaf proteins on a dry matter basis. However, extracting proteins from leaves is an arduous process due to the complexity of the matrix, which limits their uses in the food industry. In this study, water lentil protein extraction by solubilization was maximized using response surface methodology. By heating at 80 °C at pH 11 with a water lentil powder concentration of 2% or 4% for 2 h, up to 77.8% of total proteins were solubilized. Then, by precipitating the solubilized proteins at pH 4, a protein purity of 57.6% combined with a total protein yield of 60.0% was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest leaf protein extraction yield reported in the literature with such protein purity. Proteomics analyses showed that the protein concentrate was composed of around 85.0% RubisCO, and protein structure analyses using ATR-FTIR and DSC were linked to a high protein solubility in water at pH 7. Moreover, a 1.5% protein solution of the protein concentrate at pH 7 showed excellent foaming properties compared to a 10.3% protein egg white solution. It had a superior foaming capacity (194% vs. 122%, respectively) for the same foaming stability after 60 min, which confirms water lentil proteins' potential for human nutrition and food formulation.

A Quinoa Protein Hydrolysate Fractionated by Electrodialysis with Ultrafiltration Membranes Improves Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

SCOPE: Quinoa intake exerts hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in animals and humans. Although peptides from quinoa inhibit key enzymes involved in glucose homeostasis in vitro, their in vivo antidiabetic properties have not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study evaluated the effect of oral administration of a quinoa protein hydrolysate (QH) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis and fractionation by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) (FQH) on the metabolic and pregnancy outcomes of Lepdb/+ pregnant mice, a preclinical model of gestational diabetes mellitus. The 4-week pregestational consumption of 2.5 mg mL-1 of QH in water prevented glucose intolerance and improves hepatic insulin signaling in dams, also reducing fetal weights. Sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the defatted FQH (FQHD) identified 11 peptides 6-10 amino acids long that aligned with the quinoa proteome and exhibited putative anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) activity, confirmed in vitro in QH, FQH, and FDQH fractions. Peptides homologous to mouse and human proteins enriched for biological processes related to glucose metabolism are also identified. CONCLUSION: Processing of quinoa protein may be used to develop a safe and effective nutritional intervention to control glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Further studies are required to confirm if this nutritional intervention is applicable to pregnant women.

Impact of a Whey Protein Hydrolysate Treated by Electrodialysis with Ultrafiltration Membrane on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice.

The development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects a large number of people around the world and represents a major issue in the field of health. Thus, it is important to implement new strategies to reduce its prevalence, and various approaches are currently under development. Recently, an eco-friendly technology named electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) was used successfully for the first time at a semi-industrial scale to produce three fractions concentrated in bioactive peptides (BPs) from an enzymatically hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPC): the initial (F1), the final (F2) and the recovery fraction (F3), and it was demonstrated in vitro that F3 exhibited interesting DPP-IV inhibitory effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of each fraction on in vivo models of obesity. A daily dose of 312.5 mg/kg was administered to High Fat/High Sucrose diet (HFHS) induced C57BL6/J mice for eight weeks. The physiological parameters of each group and alterations of their gut microbiota by the fractions were assessed. Little effect of the different fractions was demonstrated on the physiological state of the mice, probably due to the digestion process of the BP content. However, there were changes in the gut microbiota composition and functions of mice treated with F3.

Electrodialysis Processes an Answer to Industrial Sustainability: Toward the Concept of Eco-Circular Economy?-A Review.

Wastewater and by-product treatments are substantial issues with consequences for our society, both in terms of environmental impacts and economic losses. With an overall global objective of sustainable development, it is essential to offer eco-efficient and circular solutions. Indeed, one of the major solutions to limit the use of new raw materials and the production of wastes is the transition toward a circular economy. Industries must find ways to close their production loops. Electrodialysis (ED) processes such as conventional ED, selective ED, ED with bipolar membranes, and ED with filtration membranes are processes that have demonstrated, in the past decades and recently, their potential and eco-efficiency. This review presents the most recent valorization opportunities among different industrial sectors (water, food, mining, chemistry, etc.) to manage waste or by-product resources through electrodialysis processes and to improve global industrial sustainability by moving toward circular processes. The limitations of existing studies are raised, especially concerning eco-efficiency. Indeed, electrodialysis processes can be optimized to decrease energy consumption and costs, and to increase efficiency; however, eco-efficiency scores should be determined to compare electrodialysis with conventional processes and support their advantages. The review shows the high potential of the different types of electrodialysis processes to treat wastewaters and liquid by-products in order to add value or to generate new raw materials. It also highlights the strong interest in using eco-efficient processes within a circular economy. The ideal scenario for sustainable development would be to make a transition toward an eco-circular economy.

Impact of Hierarchical Cation-Exchange Membranes' Chemistry and Crosslinking Level on Electrodialysis Demineralization Performances of a Complex Food Solution.

Hierarchical cation-exchange membranes (hCEMs) fabricated by blade coating and UV crosslinking of ionomer on top of a porous substrate demonstrated promising results in performing NaCl demineralization. In the food industry, complex solutions are used and hCEMs were never investigated before for these food applications. The performances of two different coating chemistries (urethane acrylate based: UL, and acrylic acid based: EbS) and three crosslinking degrees (UL5, UL6, UL7 for UL formulations, and EbS-1, EbS-2, EbS-3 for EbS formulations) were formulated. The impacts of hCEMs properties and crosslinking density on whey demineralization performances by electrodialysis (ED) were evaluated and compared to CMX, a high performing CEM for whey demineralization by ED. The crosslinking density had an impact on the hCEMs area specific resistance, and on the ionic conductance for EbS membrane. However, 70% demineralization of 18% whey solution was reached for the first time for hCEMs without any fouling observed, and with comparable performances to the CMX benchmark. Although some properties were impacted by the crosslinking density, the global performances in ED (limiting current, demineralization duration, global system resistance, energy consumption, current efficiency) for EbS and UL6 membranes were similar to the CMX benchmark. These promising results suggest the possible application of these hCEMs (UL6, EbS-2, and EbS-3) for whey demineralization by ED and more generally complex products as an alternative in the food industry.

Beneficial effects of fish and fish peptides on main metabolic syndrome associated risk factors: Diabetes, obesity and lipemia.

The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) fairly varies from one to another guideline and health organization. Per description of world health organization, occurrence of hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia in addition to two or more factors of dyslipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and or large waist circumference factors would be defined as MetS. Conventional therapies and drugs, commonly with adverse effects, are used to treat these conditions and diseases. Nonetheless, in the recent decades scientific community has focused on the discovery of natural compounds to diminish the side effects of these medications. Among many available bioactives, biologically active peptides have notable beneficial effects on the management of diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Marine inclusive of fish peptides have exerted significant bioactivities in different experimental in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical settings. This review exclusively focuses on studies from the recent decade investigating hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic and anti-obesogenic fish and fish peptides. Related extraction, isolation, and purification methodologies of anti-MetS fish biopeptides are reviewed herein for comparison purposes only. Moreover, performance of biopeptides in simulated gastrointestinal environment and structure-activity relationship along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of selected oligopeptides have been discussed, in brief, to broaden the knowledge of readers on the design and discovery trends of anti-MetS compounds.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2052261 .

Nisin Purification from a Cell-Free Supernatant by Electrodialysis in a Circular Economy Framework.

Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis strains, is a promising natural preservative for the food industry and an alternative to antibiotics for the pharmaceutical industry against Gram-positive bacteria. Nisin purification is commonly performed using salting out and chromatographic techniques, which are characterized by their low yields, the use of solvents and the production of large volumes of effluents. In the present work, the purification of nisin from a cell-free supernatant (CFS), after the production of nisin by fermentation on a whey permeate medium, was studied using ammonium sulfate precipitation and electrodialysis (ED) as a promising eco-friendly process for nisin purification. Results showed an increase in nisin precipitation using a 40% ammonium sulfate saturation (ASS) level with a purification fold of 73.8 compared with 34.5 and no purification fold for a 60% and 20% ASS level, respectively. The results regarding nisin purification using ED showed an increase in nisin purification and concentration fold, respectively, of 21.8 and 156 when comparing the final product to the initial CFS. Nisin-specific activity increased from 75.9 ± 4.4 to 1652.7 ± 236.8 AU/mg of protein. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of ED coupled with salting out for nisin purification compared with common techniques. Furthermore, the process was noteworthy for its relevance in a circular economy scheme, as it does not require any solvents and avoids generating polluting effluents. It can be employed for the purification of nisin and the recovery of salts from salting out, facilitating their reuse in a circular economy.

How Discoloration of Porcine Cruor Hydrolysate Allowed the Identification of New Antifungal Peptides.

Porcine blood is an important by-product from slaughterhouses and an abundant source of proteins. Indeed, cruor, the solid part of blood, is mainly composed of hemoglobin. Its enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin generates a diversity of peptides, particularly antimicrobials. One of the downsides of using these hydrolysates as food bio-preservatives is the color brought by the heme, which can be removed by discoloration. Nonetheless, the effects of this procedure on the antimicrobial peptide population have not been completely investigated. In this study, its impacts were evaluated on the final antibacterial and antifungal activities of a cruor hydrolysate. The results demonstrated that 38 identified and characterized peptides showed a partial or total decrease in the hydrolysate, after discoloration. Antifungal activities were observed for the raw and discolored hydrolysates: MICs vary between 0.1 and 30.0 mg/mL of proteins, and significant differences were detected between both hydrolysates for the strains S. boulardii, C. guilliermondii, K. marxianus, M. racemosus and P. chrysogenum. The raw hydrolysate showed up to 12 times higher antifungal activities. Hence, peptides with the highest relative abundance decrease after discoloration were synthesized and tested individually. In total, eight new antifungal peptides were characterized as active and promising. To our knowledge, this is the first time that effective antifungal peptide sequences have been reported from porcine cruor hydrolysates.

Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields and pH on Enzyme Inactivation and Bioactivities of Peptic Hydrolysates Produced from Bovine and Porcine Hemoglobin.

The production of bioactive peptides from hemoglobin via peptic hydrolysis is a promising alternative to valorizing slaughterhouse blood proteins. Nevertheless, it has some limitations such as low yield, high cost of enzymes, and the use of chemical reagents. The latter is aggravated by the pH increase to inactivate the enzyme, which can affect the bioactivity of the peptides. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the pepsin inactivation and biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of hemoglobin hydrolysates. Bovine (Hb-B) and porcine (Hb-P) hemoglobin were hydrolyzed with pepsin for 3 h and treated with PEFs to inactivate the enzyme. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) did not show significant changes after PEF inactivation, whereas peptide population analysis showed some changes in PEF-treated hydrolysates over time, suggesting residual pepsin activity. PEF treatments showed no significant positive or negative impact on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the impact of pH (3, 7, and 10) on bioactivity was studied. Higher pH fostered stronger anti-yeast activity and DPPH-scavenging capacity, whereas pH 7 fostered antifungal activity. Thus, the use of hemoglobin from the meat industry combined with PEF treatments could fit the circular economy concept since bioactive peptides can be produced more eco-efficiently and recycled to reduce the spoilage of meat products. Nevertheless, further studies on PEF conditions must be carried out to achieve complete inactivation of pepsin and the potential enhancement of peptides' bioactivity.

Identification of Gastrointestinal Digestion Stable Antihypertensive Fish Peptides from Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus).

High blood pressure has been recognized as one of the main risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome by health organizations. Hypertension is medicated by various classes of synthetic drugs; however, adverse effects have repeatedly been reported. Moreover, natural alternatives such as fish peptides have been effective in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. The aim of our study was to fractionate and identify antihypertensive peptides. Fractions were produced using different techniques of solid-phase extraction (SPE), pressure-driven ultrafiltration (UF), and electro04dialysis with UF membrane. According to our results, the hydrophobic fraction of SPE (IC50 5 µg) was the most potent anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) product. Findings of the study suggest that the separation technique plays an important role in the isolation efficiency of antihypertensive biopeptides. Importantly, the hydrophobic fraction's activity was retained through a static model of an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion system. In conclusion, polarity regardless of charge and size was the most important factor for anti-ACE activity of an Atlantic mackerel biopeptide. In addition, the presence of leucine at either of the extremities (C- or N-terminal) and/or leucine-rich motifs could well explain the hypotensive effect of our active fraction.

Impact of Electric Arcs and Pulsed Electric Fields on the Functional Properties of Beta-Lactoglobulin.

Beta-lactoglobulin (ß-lg) is a major whey protein with various techno-functional properties that can be improved by several treatments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the impact of green high-voltage electrical treatments (HVETs)-namely, pulsed electric fields and electric arcs-on the functional properties of ß-lg. Both emulsifying and foaming stability and capacity, as well as the hygroscopicity of non-treated and pretreated ß-lg, were explored. The results demonstrated that the emulsifying capacity and stability of pretreated samples increased by 43% and 22% when compared to native ß-lg, respectively. Likewise, the pretreated ß-lg displayed better foaming stability compared to native ß-lg. In addition, the HVETs significantly decreased the hygroscopicity of ß-lg (by 48% on average), making it a good ingredient with reduced hygroscopicity for the food industry.

Impacts of pH and Base Substitution during Deaerator Treatments of Herring Milt Hydrolysate on the Odorous Content and the Antioxidant Activity.

Despite the biological interest in herring milt hydrolysate (HMH), its valorization is limited by its unpleasant odor resulting from the presence of mainly amine and carbonyl compounds. Recently, a deaerator was demonstrated as an interesting avenue to reduce the odorous content of HMH. However, the removal rate of amine and carbonyl compounds was highly dependent on the operating conditions, and the impact of such a process on the biological potential of HMH was not considered. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the deaerator process by assessing the impacts of the combination of deaerator treatments at neutral and basic pH, the increase in pH from 10 to 11, and the substitution of NaOH by KOH on the odorous content and the antioxidant activity of HMH. Results showed that the highest deodorization rate of HMH was obtained when a deaerator treatment at neutral pH was combined with another one at basic pH using KOH for alkalization. This condition resulted in a decrease in the dimethylamine and trimethylamine contents by 70%, while certain compounds such as 2,3-pentanedione, methional, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, or (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal were almost completely removed. Removal mechanisms of the targeted compounds were totally identified, and the performance of the developed process was confirmed by sensory analysis. Lastly, it was shown that the antioxidant potential of HMH was not affected by the deodorization process. These results demonstrated the feasibility of deodorizing a complex matrix without affecting its biological potential.