RESUMEN
Campylobacter causes bacterial diarrhoea in man and is a common foodborne pathogen, that has been associated mainly with poultry carcasses and processed poultry products as well as with drinking water. Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. from poultry was done in order to prove if predominant stable strains in the food chain are present. The influence of the slaughter process on the stability should be determined. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from eight poultry flocks were isolated from cloacal swabs, carcasses and offal at different abattoir processing steps to determine their stability. DNA-fingerprinting was done using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) with two enzymes (SmaI and KpnI) and ribotyping. More than 150 Campylobacter strains were ribotyped and these data were combined with the results of PFGE. Molecular typing showed that strains found in cloacal swabs before processing could also be isolated from carcasses and offal at different processing steps representing predominating stable strains. Strains with varying molecular pattern could additionally be detected at different processing steps. Both genotyping methods identified in agreement flock-specific strains. These remained stable through the slaughter of poultry and were not altered through the slaughter process. Despite the known genetic variability of thermophilic Campylobacter, stable predominant strains could be identified in the poultry slaughter process and those strains can thus enter the food chain.
Asunto(s)
Mataderos , Campylobacter/genética , Pollos/microbiología , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Campylobacter/clasificación , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos/normas , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Productos Avícolas/normas , RibotipificaciónRESUMEN
Campylobacter spp. is a common cause of gastrointestinal illness. Since animal products, especially poultry meat, are an important source of human outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, tracing back to processing and initial production is of great interest. Samples were collected at a German poultry slaughterhouse for the estimation of the prevalence of Campylobacter at different processing steps. Quantification of Campylobacter in each of the samples was also performed. Out of 99 samples examined, 51 (51.5%) were positive for Campylobacter, with bacterial counts ranging from log(10) 6.5 cfu sample(-1) for carcasses to log 3.6 cfu ml(-1) for scalding water. The Campylobacter isolates (n = 51) were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SmaI and KpnI restriction enzymes. Molecular typing showed a multitude of strains with different molecular patterns. Strains found in cloacal swabs before processing could also be isolated from carcasses at different processing steps.
Asunto(s)
Campylobacter/metabolismo , Microbiología de Alimentos , Aves de Corral/microbiología , Mataderos , Animales , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Campylobacter/microbiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Industria de Procesamiento de AlimentosRESUMEN
One hundred and forty-four samples of chilled turkey meat from six flocks, taken directly from the slaughterhouse, and 100 samples of turkey meat retail products were examined. Over one-quarter (29.2%) of the tested samples from the slaughterhouse were Campylobacter positive, showing high variability in the flocks. The lowest percentage of Campylobacter-positive samples was found in flocks I and III (8.3%), whereas, in flock VI, 91.7% of the samples were Campylobacter positive. Turkey meat retail products showed a prevalence of 34% for Campylobacter. Heat-treated meat was negative for Campylobacter. Quantitative studies of the samples taken at the slaughterhouse revealed a mean log range of 1.9-2.5 CFU g(-1)Campylobacter spp. Results from the quantification of retail products gave a mean log value of 2.1 CFU g(-1).
Asunto(s)
Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Carne/microbiología , Mataderos , Animales , Campylobacter/crecimiento & desarrollo , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Prevalencia , PavosRESUMEN
Media with 1,3-1,4-beta -glucans as selective markers were used for isolation of non-starch-polysaccharide (NSP) degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of broiler chicken. Formerly unknown 1,3-1,4-beta endoglucanase activities in various bacterial species were identified in this study. E. faecium , Streptococcus , Bacteroides and Clostridium strains seem to be responsible for degradation of mixed linked beta -glucans in the small intestine and in the hind gut of chickens. Strict anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides ovatus , B. uniformis , presumably B. capillosus and Clostridium perfringens ) as well as an unidentified bacterium with 98% 16S rDNA homology to an uncultered chicken cecum bacterium were isolated. Additionally, Streptococcus bovis with 1,3-1,4-beta -endoglucanase activity was also detected. Different 1,3-1,4-beta -endoglucanase activity profiles were observed in SDS/PAGE zymograms.
Asunto(s)
Bacteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Pollos/microbiología , Clostridium perfringens/aislamiento & purificación , Enterococcus faecium/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Streptococcus bovis/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Glucanos/metabolismo , Animales , Bacteroides/clasificación , Bacteroides/enzimología , Bacteroides/genética , Pollos/metabolismo , Clostridium perfringens/clasificación , Clostridium perfringens/enzimología , Enterococcus faecium/clasificación , Enterococcus faecium/enzimología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiología , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Especificidad de la Especie , Streptococcus bovis/clasificación , Streptococcus bovis/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Foodborne infections with Campylobacter spp. are increasing, especially antibiotic resistant strains are emerging. Quinolone resistant isolates can cause failure of therapy in severe clinical infections. Molecular characterisation is needed for the detection of resistant variants of C. jejuni. Therefore 23 isolates from poultry and human medicine as well as three control strains were tested for their minimal inhibitory concentration, their Single-Strand-Conformation-Polymorphism (SSCP)-PCR pattern (a method for the detection of resistance determining point mutations), and their sequence of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR). Six different SSCP types could be identified: two types for quinolone resistant isolates and other types containing so called silent mutations without influence on the resistance. A genotypic monitoring of the quinolone resistance in C. jejuni can be useful for the early detection of new resistance variants. As a screening method for detection of point mutations in the QRDR the SSCP-PCR can be applied. Compared to other genotypic methods the SSCP-PCR is less time and cost consuming and needs only standard technical equipment.