Fomes weberianus, 50 years of taxonomic confusion: lectotypification and taxonomic notes.

Fomes weberianus Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc. is currently the basionym of two very distinct polypores (Basidiomycota), Ganoderma weberianum (Polyporales) and Phylloporia weberiana (Hymenochaetales). This fact has led to almost fifty years of taxonomic confusion. Fomes weberianus was first lectotypified by Steyaert, who accepted the species as G. weberianum. However, studies of Weber's original material in B, duplicate material in S, the protologue, and early interpretations of the name have shown that Steyaert's choice conflicts with the protologue and early interpretations, and that his interpretation as a species of Ganoderma is erroneous. A new lectotype was designated and the species was re-described under the correct interpretation Phylloporia weberiana.

The susceptibility of shi drum juveniles to betanodavirus increases with rearing densities in a process mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the greatest threats to Mediterranean aquaculture, infecting more than 170 fish species and causing mortalities up to 100% in larvae and juveniles of susceptible species. Intensive aquaculture implies stressed conditions that affect the welfare of fish and their ability to fight against infections. In fact, a higher susceptibility to NNV has been related to poor welfare conditions. In order to analyze the physiological link between stressed conditions and increased susceptibility to NNV, as well as its possible role in the pathogenesis of this disease, we reared shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) juveniles (30.7 ± 3.10 g body weight), which are expected to be asymptomatic upon NNV infection, at three stocking densities (2, 15, and 30 kg/m3) for 27 days and subsequently challenged them with NNV. We firstly characterized the stressed conditions of the specimens before and after infection and recorded the mortalities, demonstrating that stressed specimens reared at 30 kg/m3 suffered mortalities. However, the viral loads in different tissues were similar in all experimental groups, allowing horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus from asymptomatic specimens. All of these data suggest that shi drum tolerates wide ranges of culture densities, although high densities might be a setback for controlling NNV outbreaks in this species. In an attempt to understand the molecular pathways orchestrating this susceptibility change in stressed conditions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of four tissues under mock- and NNV-infected conditions. In addition to the modification of the exceptive pathways such as cell adhesion, leukocyte migration, cytokine interaction, cell proliferation and survival, and autophagy, we also observed a heavy alteration of the neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway in three of the four tissues analyzed. Our data also point to some of the receptors of this pathway as potential candidates for future pharmacological treatment to avoid the exacerbated immune response that could trigger fish mortalities upon NNV infection.

Association between lipid profile and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) removes cholesterol, an essential component in lipid rafts, and this cholesterol removal can regulate protein attachment to lipid rafts, modulating their functionality in the immune cell response. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can alter the lipid profile, there is little information on the role of HDL-c and other lipids in prognostic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Mexican population. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of HDL-c and lipid profile on severity and survival of 102 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 first wave. Our findings, derived from univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, highlighted age and hypertension as significant predictors of survival (HR = 1.04, p = 0.012; HR = 2.78, p = 0.027), while gender, diabetes, and obesity showed no significant impact. Triglycerides and HDL-c levels notably influenced mortality, with elevated triglycerides and lower HDL-c associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.032). This study underscores the importance of lipid profiles alongside traditional risk factors in assessing COVID-19 risk and outcomes. It contributes to the understanding of COVID-19 patient management and emphasizes the need for further investigation into the role of dyslipidemia in influencing COVID-19 prognosis, potentially aiding in refined risk stratification and therapeutic strategies.

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist counteracts hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese male mice.

Obesity leads to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. In humans, low levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) correlate with IR, adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, and increased prevalence of T2D. In obese rats, PRL treatment promotes insulin sensitivity and reduces visceral AT adipocyte hypertrophy. Here, we tested whether elevating PRL levels with the prokinetic and antipsychotic drug sulpiride, an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors, improves metabolism in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male mice. Sulpiride treatment (30 days) reduced hyperglycemia, IR, and the serum and pancreatic levels of triglycerides in obese mice, reduced visceral and subcutaneous AT adipocyte hypertrophy, normalized markers of visceral AT function (PRL receptor, Glut4, insulin receptor and Hif-1α), and increased glycogen stores in skeletal muscle. However, the effects of sulpiride reducing hyperglycemia were also observed in obese prolactin receptor null mice. We conclude that sulpiride reduces obesity-induced hyperglycemia by mechanisms that are independent of prolactin/prolactin receptor activity. These findings support the therapeutic potential of sulpiride against metabolic dysfunction in obesity.

Melanoma-associated melanocortin 1 receptor variants confer redox signaling-dependent protection against oxidative DNA damage.

Cutaneous melanoma, a lethal skin cancer, arises from malignant transformation of melanocytes. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental risk factor for melanoma since its interaction with the skin generates DNA damage, either directly or indirectly via oxidative stress. Pheomelanin pigments exacerbate oxidative stress in melanocytes by UVR-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, oxidative stress is considered to contribute to melanomagenesis, particularly in people with pheomelanic pigmentation. The melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) is a major melanoma susceptibility gene. Frequent MC1R variants (varMC1R) associated with fair skin and red or yellow hair color display hypomorphic signaling to the cAMP pathway and are associated with higher melanoma risk. This association is thought to be due to production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as well as deficient induction of DNA damage repair downstream of varMC1R. However, the data on modulation of oxidative DNA damage repair by MC1R remain scarce. We recently demonstrated that varMC1R accelerates clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA strand breaks in an AKT-dependent manner. Here we show that varMC1R also protects against ROS-dependent formation of 8-oxodG, the most frequent oxidative DNA lesion. Since the base excision repair (BER) pathway mediates clearance of these DNA lesions, we analyzed induction of BER enzymes in human melanoma cells of varMC1R genotype. Agonist-mediated activation of both wildtype (wtMC1R) and varMC1R significantly induced OGG and APE-1/Ref1, the rate-limiting BER enzymes responsible for repair of 8-oxodG. Moreover, we found that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent generation of ROS was responsible for AKT activation and oxidative DNA damage repair downstream of varMC1R. These observations provide a better understanding of the functional properties of melanoma-associated MC1R alleles and may be useful for the rational development of strategies to correct defective varMC1R responses for efficient photoprotection and melanoma prevention in fair-skinned individuals.

Sleep, Glial Function, and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Neuroinflammation and Sleep Disorders.

The relationship between sleep, glial cells, and the endocannabinoid system represents a multifaceted regulatory network with profound implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive function. The molecular underpinnings of sleep modulation by the endocannabinoid system and its influence on glial cell activity are discussed, shedding light on the reciprocal relationships that govern these processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding the role of glial cells in mediating neuroinflammatory responses and their modulation by sleep patterns. Additionally, this review examines how the endocannabinoid system interfaces with glia-immune signaling to regulate inflammatory cascades within the central nervous system. Notably, the cognitive consequences of disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and glial dysfunction are addressed, encompassing implications for neurodegenerative disorders, mood disturbances, and cognitive decline. Insights into the bidirectional modulation of cognitive function by the endocannabinoid system in the context of sleep and glial activity are explored, providing a comprehensive perspective on the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments associated with sleep disturbances. Furthermore, this review examines potential therapeutic avenues targeting the endocannabinoid system to mitigate neuroinflammation, restore glial homeostasis, and normalize sleep patterns. The identification of novel therapeutic targets within this intricate regulatory network holds promise for addressing conditions characterized by disrupted sleep, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. This work aims to examine the complexities of neural regulation and identify potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

The sodium-proton exchangers sNHE and NHE1 control plasma membrane hyperpolarization in mouse sperm.

Sperm capacitation, crucial for fertilization, occurs in the female reproductive tract and can be replicated in vitro using a medium rich in bicarbonate, calcium, and albumin. These components trigger the cAMP-PKA signaling cascade, proposed to promote hyperpolarization of the mouse sperm plasma membrane through activation of SLO3 K+ channel. Hyperpolarization is a hallmark of capacitation: proper membrane hyperpolarization renders higher in vitro fertilizing ability, while Slo3 KO mice are infertile. However, the precise regulation of SLO3 opening remains elusive. Our study challenges the involvement of PKA in this event and reveals the role of Na+/H+ exchangers. During capacitation, calcium increase through CatSper channels activates NHE1, while cAMP directly stimulates the sperm-specific NHE, collectively promoting the alkalinization threshold needed for SLO3 opening. Hyperpolarization then feeds back Na+/H+ activity. Our work is supported by pharmacology, and a plethora of KO mouse models, and proposes a novel pathway leading to hyperpolarization.

Transforming 'Bonito del Norte' Tuna By-Products into Functional Ingredients for Nutritional Enhancement of Cereal-Based Foods.

The fishing industry produces a significant number of by-products. This study explored two methods of transforming these by-products: fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) and Fishmeal (FM). Physicochemical characterization of these products was conducted and their potential inclusion in biscuits was investigated due to the lack of high biological value protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids of this product. The results identified colour disparities between FPH and FM, with FM displaying lower brightness and a more reddish hue. In FPH, there was also a noticeable decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids, probably associated with the temperature reached in spray-drying. While the incorporation of these by-products in biscuits was feasible, there were challenges, particularly the fishy taste and rancid odour, which were more pronounced in FM biscuits due to the higher fat content. This correlated with the oxidation indexes, such as TBARS and acidity index. Nonetheless, FPH biscuit attributes like typical colour or flavour received positive feedback, attributed to the Maillard reaction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural differences, which correlated with the results of hardness and fracturability, probably due to the higher fat content in FM. This study revealed the possibility of nutritionally enriching cookies with ingredients derived from fish by-products. However, it would be necessary to go a step further and study alternatives that allow better preservation of saturated fatty acids.

Factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en homosexuales: Una revisión sistemática de literatura / Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in homosexuals: A systematic literature review

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar la literatura científica disponible, sobre factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en homosexuales. Material y Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas de artículos científicos publicados entre el año 2014 y 2020 en idioma inglés y español, en 5 bases de datos electrónicas: Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Google Académico, Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal, Scientific Electronic Library Online y Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estados Unidos. Se hicieron combinaciones con los descriptores y operadores lógicos booleanos AND y OR: Obesidad OR Diabetes AND Risk AND Homosexual, Diabetes AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Diabetes AND Homosexual, Risk AND Diabetes AND Obesidad AND Homosexual de acuerdo al Medical Subject Headings. Para seleccionar los estudios se siguió la guía de Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools en español para estudios de prevalencia analíticos. Resultados: De 98 estudios, se incluyeron 8 estudios de origen de Estados Unidos y publicados en inglés. La muestra de los estudios oscilo entre 219 y 136,878 participantes con edad entre 18 y 65 años. La evidencia disponible sugiere que los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2 en homosexuales son: obesidad, depresión, estrés, falta de atención a la salud, la inactividad física, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, tener pre diabetes, hipertensión arterial, altos niveles de colesterol y antecedentes familiares con diabetes tipo 2. Conclusiones: En conclusión, algunos de estos factores de riesgos no son considerados por las organizaciones de diabetes, mostrando diferencias en la población heterosexual.

Abstract: Objective: To identify the available scientific literature on risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in homosexuals. Material and Methods: Scientific articles published between 2014 and 2020 in English and Spanish were searched in 5 electronic databases: Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal, Scientific Electronic Library Online and National Library of Medicine of the United States. Combinations were made with the Boolean logical descriptors and operators AND and OR: Obesity OR Diabetes AND Risk AND Homosexual, Diabetes AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Homosexual, Obesity AND Diabetes AND Homosexual, Risk AND Diabetes AND Obesity AND Homosexual according to Medical Subject Headings. To select the studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools guide in Spanish for analytical prevalence studies was followed. Results: Of 98 studies, 8 studies of United States origin and published in English were included. The sample of the studies ranged between 219 and 136 878 participants aged between 18 and 65 years. The available evidence suggests that the main risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in homosexuals are obesity, depression, stress, lack of health care, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, having prediabetes, high blood pressure, high Cholesterol levels and family history with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: In conclusion, some of these risk factors are not considered by diabetes organizations, showing differences in the heterosexual population.

Perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana en bacilos Gram negativos no fermentadores aislados en fuentes hídricas / Antimicrobial resistance profile in non-fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated in water resources

La amplia distribución de los bacilos gram negativos no fermentadores en medios ambientales como el agua y especies vegetales cobra importancia al ser reconocidos como agentes causales de enfermedades en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, de allí la relevancia del porque debemos conocer la prevalencia y perfil de susceptibilidad de estos microorganismos en ambientes no hospitalarios. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en muestras hídricas de fuentes naturales y artificiales de almacenamiento para el consumo humano en la ciudad de Bogotá y municipios aledaños. La identificación se realizó a través de pruebas IMVIC y el perfil de resistencia a través del método de kirby bauer o E-TEST®. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 42 muestras, 7 (16,6%) con aislamientos de interés: 3 (60%) Pseudomonas spp, 2 (20%) Acinetobacter spp, 1 (10%) Sphingomonas paucimobilis y 1 (10%) Pantoea spp. El 70% presento resistencia a la ceftriaxona, el 30% a cefoxitina, 20% a gentamicina, 10% a ciprofloxacina y 10% a piperacilina-tazobactam. No se presentó resistencia a imipenem. Conclusión: 5 de 7 aislamientos revelaron un BGNNF de importancia en infección en humanos, siendo importante la resistencia encontrada a la ceftriaxona.

The wide distribution of non-fermenting gram negative bacilli in environmental media such as water and plants becomes important as they are recognized a cause of diseases in immunocompromised patients, that’s the reason why we should to know the prevalence and the susceptibility profile of these microorganisms in non-hospital environments. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study done with samples of natural and artificial water storage for human consumption in the city of Bogotá and surrounding municipalities. The identification was made through IMVIC tests and the resistance profile through the kirby bauer or E-TEST® method. Results: 42 samples were obtained, 7 (16.6%) with isolates of interest: 3 (60%) Pseudomonas spp, 2 (20%) Acinetobacter spp, 1 (10%) Sphingomonas paucimobilis and 1 (10%) Pantoea spp. The 70% had resistance to ceftriaxone, 30% to cefoxitin, 20% to gentamicin, 10% to ciprofloxacin and 10% to piperacillin-tazobactam. No resistance to imipenem was shown. Conclusion: 5 of 7 isolates revealed a BGNNF of importance in infection in humans, with an important resistance to ceftriaxone.

Aspectos psicosociales del rol docente en la modalidad B-Learning de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada / Psychosocial Features of Teacher's Role in B-Learning Modality at Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

Resumen Los cambios en la educación superior vienen en parte precedidos por el impacto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, cuya incidencia se refleja en el cambio de roles del docente. Por consiguiente, en las modalidades b-learning se tiene que los docentes adquieren nuevos papeles, producto de la influencia social en el quehacer profesional desde las instituciones educativas y la sociedad en general. De lo anterior, se articula el enfoque de las representaciones sociales para caracterizar el conjunto de pensamientos cotidianos de los docentes de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia, encontrando que los roles de facilitador, guía y acompañante adquieren preponderancia en la acción pedagógica del docente a manera de aspectos centrales de la representación.

Abstract Changes in higher education come in part preceded by the impact of the technologies of information and communication, whose incidence is reflected in the change of teacher's roles. Therefore, in b-learning modalities teachers must acquire new roles, which are the product of social influence in professional activities from educational institutions and society, in general. Otherwise, the approach of social representations to characterize the set of everyday thoughts of teachers in the Faculty of Distance Studies is articulated, finding out that the roles of a facilitator, a guide, and a companion acquire significance in the pedagogical action of the teaching as a way of key aspects of the representation.

Características físicas y antioxidantes de semillas y productos de mostaza negra (Brassica nigra) y amarilla (Brassica alba) / Physical and antioxidant characteristics of black (Brassica nigra) and yellow mustard (Brassica alba) seeds and their products

En este trabajo se evaluaron la composición, algunas características físicas (densidad, índice de refracción y color), capacidad antioxidante (DPPH) y perfil de ácidos grasos de semillas de mostaza negra (Brassica nigra) y amarilla (Brassica alba), sus aceites y residuos de la extracción del aceite. La densidad de los aceites de mostaza negra y amarilla fue de 0,912 ± 0,01 y 0,916 ± 0,01 g/mL, respectivamente; y el índice de refracción fue de 1,4611 ± 0,01 y 1,4617 ± 0,01, respectivamente, no mostrando diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre las dos mostazas. Los parámetros de color del aceite de semilla de mostaza negra y amarilla tienden hacia los tonos amarillos-verdosos y tonos amarillos-rojizos, respectivamente; respecto a la actividad antioxidante, se observó una variación desde 25 mg equivalentes de Trolox/100 g en el aceite de semilla de mostaza amarilla hasta 1,366 mg equivalentes de Trolox/100 g en la pasta residual de mostaza negra. El perfil de ácidos grasos de la semillas de mostaza negra muestran que el ácido graso predominante es el oleico (22,96%), seguido por linoleico (6,63%) y linolénico (3,22%), mientras que para la semilla de mostaza amarilla es el erúcico (6,87%), seguido por oleico (5,08%) y linoléico (1,87%).

The composition, some physical properties (density, refraction index, and color), antioxidant capacity (DPPH), and fatty acid profile of seeds of black (Brassica nigra) or yellow mustard (Brassica alba) were evaluated, as well as for their oils and residues from oil extraction. Density of the black and yellow mustard oils were 0.912 ± 0.01 and 0.916 ± 0.01 g/mL, respectively; their refraction indexes were 1.4611 ± 0.01 and 1.4617 ± 0.01, respectively; being not significantly different (p>0.05) between two mustards. Color parameters of the black and yellow mustard oils presented greenish-yellow tones and reddish-yellow tones, respectively; regarding antioxidant activities, these ranged from 25 mg equivalents of Trolox/100 g in the yellow mustard oil to 1,366 mg equivalents of Trolox/100 g in the residues from oil extraction of black seed mustard. The fatty acid profile of the black mustard seed revealed that its predominant fatty acid is oleic (22.96%), followed by linoleic (6.63%) and linolenic (3.22%), whereas for yellow mustard seed the major fatty acid is erucic (6.87%), followed by oleic (5.08%) and linoleic (1.87%) acids.

La formación del componente pedagógico del docente universitario desde un enfoque sociocrítico

El presente artículo de investigación pretende desde un enfoque sociocrítico, examinar y comprender el contexto que enmarca la Educación superior en Colombia y los problemas concretos que estructuran su acontecer.

This current research article seeks, from a socio-critical approach, to examine and to understand the context framing higher education in Colombia and the specific problems that structured its existence.

Flora bacteriana intestinal en pacientes con hepatopatías crónicas / Intestinal bacterial flora in patients with chronic hepatopathies

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades hepáticas se encuentran entre los objetivos priorizados del Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano; sin embargo, los nuevos descubrimientos respecto a su fisiopatología obliga a los profesionales sanitarios a mantenerse informados y actualizados sobre esa materia, con vista a lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica enfocada fundamentalmente hacia la evolución fisiopatológica de la flora bacteriana intestinal como causante de daño hepático y la anatomía y fisiología del sistema hepatobiliar.

The diagnosis and treatment of the hepatic diseases are among the prioritized objectives of the Cuban Public Health Ministry; however, the new findings regarding their pathophysiologies oblige the sanitary professionals to be informed and updated on that matter, for that purpose a literature review was carried out mainly aimed at the pathophysiological clinical course of the intestinal bacterial flora that accounts for the hepatic damage, anatomy and physiology of the hepatobiliary system.

Caries dental en escolares de 6 a 12 años de edad en Navolato, Sinaloa, México: experiencia, prevalencia, gravedad y necesidades de tratamiento / Dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years in Navolato, Sinaloa, México: experience, prevalence, severity and treatment needs

Introducción. La caries dental es una de las enfermedades más prevalentes en los niños. Objetivo. Determinar la experiencia, prevalencia y gravedad de caries en la dentición temporal y permanente; establecer igualmente el índice de caries significativa (SiC, por sus siglas en inglés), en escolares de Navolato, Sinaloa, México, así como sus necesidades de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 3.048 niños de 6 a 12 años de edad. Los sujetos fueron examinados clínicamente por tres examinadores (índice k > 0,85), de acuerdo a los lineamientos establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para la detección de caries se empleó el criterio de la OMS y la lesión d1 de Pitts. Resultados. La media de edad fue de 8,81±1,79 años y el porcentaje de niñas fue de 52,2 por ciento. En la dentición temporal, el ceod (Promedio de dientes cariados, extraídos/perdidos y obturados) fue de 4,68±3,21 y la prevalencia de caries 90,2 por ciento (ceod > 3 = 60,8 por ciento). El índice significativo de caries fue de 10,52 para los niños de seis años de edad. Las lesiones no cavitadas (d1) representaron 37,1 por ciento del componente "cariados". En la dentición permanente, el índice CPOD (Promedio de dientes permanentes cariados, perdidos y obturados) fue de 3,24±2,72 y la prevalencia de caries, 82 por ciento (CPOD > 3 = 47,8 por ciento). El índice de caries significativa fue de 10,87 para los niños de 12 años. Las lesiones no cavitadas representaron 63,4 por ciento del componente "cariados". Al menos 81,1 por cientode los niños necesitó la restauración de una superficie dental y 89,6 por ciento, de dos. Las niñas presentaron más caries que los niños en su dentición permanente. Se observó que conforme aumentó la edad se incrementó la experiencia de caries.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria on extention of shelf life and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in beef steaks stored in CO2- rich atmosphere

Fatias de carne bovina foram inoculadas com uma de duas bactérias láticas protetoras (Lactobacillus sakei CTC 372 bacteriocinogênica e Lactobacillus CTC 711 não caracterizado) e armazenadas em atmosfera modificada (20-40 por cento CO2). A inoculação da carne com bactérias láticas protetoras inibiu a multiplicação de bactérias deteriorantes. O CO2 da atmosfera e/ou a presença de bactérias láticas não causou a formação de metmioglobina ou de odores indesejáveis. A formação de metmioglobina e as características sensoriais foram equivalentes às apresentadas por carne fresca não deteriorada e não submetida a tratamento. A multiplicação de Listeria monocytogenes em caldo foi inibida por bactérias isoladas da superfície das carnes inoculadas com as bactérias láticas. Após 7 dias a 3ºC, a contagem inicial de L. monocytogenes de 5.6 log UFC.mL-1 caiu para 2.8 log UFC.mL-1 na ausência de bactéria lática protetora. A 8ºC, as contagens de L. monocytogenes foram reduzidas em 2.5 ou 1.5 log na presença de Lb. sakei CTC 372 ou Lb. CTC 711, respectivamente. A 25ºC, as contagens de L. monocytogenes no caldo contendo uma das bactérias láticas protetoras foram 5 log mais baixas do que nos caldos contendo L. monocytogenes somente.

Dilatación de la uretra prostática guiada por flouroscopia en el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna / Fluoroscopically-guided dilation of prostatic urethra in the treatment of patients with bening prostatic hypertrophy

Se estudiaron siete pacientes de hiperplasia prostatica benigna con edades comprendidas entre los 55 y los 84 años, en los que la próstata pesaba entre 35 y 45 g y que experimentaban sintomatología urinaria obstructiva, y que se trataron mediante dilatación de la uretra prostática con globo guiada bajo fluoroscopia. A todos los pacientes se les realizaron uretrocistograma, ultrasonido transrectal y transabdominal previos para valorar la puntuación de síntomas urinarios, flujometría y orina residual de manera previa, al mes, a los tres y a los seis meses. Se produjo disminución de los síntomas urinarios en 65 por ciento de los casos, la flujometría mejoró en 21 por ciento y la orina residual en un 65 por ciento. No se produjo ningún caso de incontinencia, eyaculación retrógrada o impotencia. El procedimiento se guió mediante fluoroscopia sin complicaciones, por lo que cabe concluir que la dilatación de la uretra prostática in situ con presión hidráulica y guiada por fluoroscopia es una alternativa en el tratamiento de los pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna

Diseno de una planta para la transformacion y tratamiento industrial de maderas.Estudio tecnologico y economico

Contenido: Cap.1 Descripcion sumaria del proyecto Cap.2 Analisis de los recursos forestales.Introduccion.Recursos forestales en Bolivia.Riqueza forestal por departamentos.Zonas de aprovechamiento.Explotacion de especies forestales.Potencial maderero en la zona de estudio Cap.3 Estudio del mercado.Definicion del producto.Mercado.Mercado interno para el proyecto.Analisis de la oferta.Mercado de exportacion.Estudio de precios.Sistema de comercializacion.Sistema de transporte para madera aserrada Cap.4 Tamano y localizacion de la planta.Introduccion.Tamano optimo.Localizacion de la planta Cap.5 Estudio de la materia prima.Lamadera como materia prima.Estudio tecnologico de dos especies.Analisis de datos y resultados.Criterios de clasificacion y aplicaciones industriales, segun las propiedades de la madera Cap.6 Ingenieria del proyecto planta de aserrado de la madera.Introduccion.Normalizacion del producto.Caracteristicas de las principales especies.Descripcion del proceso.Caracteristicas de la maquinaria y equipo para el proyecto.Plan de corta y programa de produccion Cap.7 Ingenieria del proyecto tratamiento del producto secado y preservacion de la madera.Introduccion.Secado de la madera.Sistema de secado.Contenido de humedad de la madera segun sus aplicaciones y usos.Secado artificial o en horno de secado.Diseno del horno de secado.Durabilidad y agentes destructores de la madera.Metodos de preservacion de la madera.Proceso de tratamiento y preservantes a utilizarse Cap.8 Sistema de aprovechamiento forestal.Introduccion.Temporada de trabajo.Horas efectivas de trabajo.Requerimiento de materia prima.Costos de apeo y troceo.Costo de arrastre o madereo.Costo de carguio.Sistema de transporte de materia prima.Formulacion de modelos matematicos para el aprovechamiento forestal Cap.9 Inversiones al proyecto.Inversiones en activos fijos.Inversiones en activos diferidos.Capital de operaciones.Plan de inversiones Cap.10 Costos gastos e ingresos del proyecto evaluacion economica y financiera.Costos de aprovechamiento forestal.Costos de produccion.Costos de administracion y servicios.Costo de comercializacion.Costo financiero.Ingresos al proyecto.Impuestos.Utilidades del proyecto.Fuentes y usos del proyecto.Evaluacion economica y financiera.Punto de equilibrio.

Comparación de los efectos adversos del alcohol: un análisis de caso desde la perspectiva transcultural / Comparison of alcohol adverse effects: an analysis of case from the transcultural perspective

Una vez validado el Test de Alcoholismo Munich en Alemania, España, Ecuador y México, se intentó investigar las similitudes existentes entre estas diferentes poblaciones de alcohólicos. El presente estudio incluye las áreas generales que son exploradas por la prueba: patrones de ingestión alcohólica, alteraciones psicológicas y sociales, y alteraciones somáticas. De los 31 reactivos que comprende esta prueba, tres mostraron similitudes. Se encontró que los cuatro grupos de alcohólicos afirmaron que tenían que limitar su ingestión alcohólica o intentar abstenerse de beber etanol. Estos hallazgos parecen estar vinculados con las restricciones progresivas de la conducta de ingestión alcohólica que es resultado de los incrementos observados en la organización social. Otro resultado indica que los alcohólicos se sentirían satisfechos si no bebieran