TNF receptor p55 and IL-8(72) and IL-8(77) isoforms: blood and urine levels in breast cancer patients.

In the preliminary study reported here, 37 patients with breast cancer and 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed for soluble TNF-R p55 and two variants of IL-8 consisting of 72 and 77 amino acid residues (IL-8(72) and IL-8(77), respectively) in their blood and urine with novel ELISA test systems. The clinical/prognostic values of determining these inflammatory cytokines at different stages of the cancer process appeared to depend on the treatment course being evaluated. In contrast to expectations, it was noted that there was a stabile tendency for decreased TNF-R p55 and IL-8(72) levels in the plasma and urine of breast cancer patients as compared with levels observed with healthy controls. Moreover, patients that underwent polychemotherapy treatments were notable for significant decreases in IL-8(72) and TNF-R p55 levels in their blood plasma; these findings contrasted with significant increases in these parameters in these patients' urine. Interestingly, the IL-8(77) isoform that now appeared both in the urine and plasma of patients was not detectable before initiation of the polychemotherapy. In spite of all these findings, individual fluctuations among these parameters still do not allow us to establish, at this time, any strong correlations between these values with any particular breast cancer stage or a type of treatment. Nonetheless, while the results here are preliminary, they demonstrate that testing for TNF-R, along with IL-8 isoforms, in the blood plasma and urine could potentially present a valid means for monitoring of the overall immune and disease progress/remission status in breast cancer patients. Ongoing studies with larger patient sample sizes, as well as collecting and analyzing samples at multiple time points--to minimize the potential influence of any inherent variability in cytokine levels in humans--will hopefully allow us to specify what these preliminary results reported here suggest, i.e., the potential utility of this experimental approach for determining disease progression or efficacy of treatment in cancer patients.

Stage of differentiation, proliferative index of tumor cells and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients.

AIM: To evaluate prognostic value of activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes of peripheral blood (CTL) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: 2-year survival of 30 patients with colorectal cancer stage II (T2-3N0-1M0G1-3) was investigated in relation with clinical data, cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (by MTT-test) and immunohistochemical peculiarities of tumor cells using anti-Ki-67-MABs. RESULTS: It was revealed that some factors had prognostic significance, namely regional lymph nodes involvement (r = -0.69), proliferative activity of tumor cells (Ki-67-positivity) (r = -0.67), restoration of CTL function after operation (r = 0.46), adjuvant chemotherapy (r = 0.41) and differentiation stage of tumor (r = 0.40). Negative correlation between CTL activity before operation and tumor proliferative activity also exists (r = -0.35). CONCLUSION: the data point to the involvement of natural killer cells in the control of tumor growth.

Experimental immunotherapy of mice with transplanted MC-rhabdomyosarcoma resistant to doxorubicin.

AIM: To compare the sensitivity of doxorubicin (DOX) sensitive and DOX-resistant MC-rhabdomyosarcoma (MC-RMS) cells to the action of lymphokine-activated cells (LAC). RESULTS: In vitro investigations showed that LAC received from the fraction of adherent lymphocytes possess the highest activity against DOX-resistant tumor cells, and LAC from lymphocytes of total pool--against DOX-resistant tumor cells pretreated with DOX at a low dose. Adoptive immunotherapy of MC-RMS in vivo showed the highest efficacy in the cases of LAC intratumoral injection and the one combined with intraperitoneal administration of DOX at a low dose (increase of survival time by 14% and 25%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Adoptive in vivo therapy of DOX-resistant Mh-RMS is effective if LAC or their combination with DOX at a low dose are administered.