RESUMEN
Surveillance of emerging viral variants is critical to ensuring that blood screening and diagnostic tests detect all infections regardless of strain or geographic location. In this study, we conducted serological and molecular surveillance to monitor the prevalence and diversity of HIV, HBV, and HTLV in South Cameroon. The prevalence of HIV was 8.53%, HBV was 10.45%, and HTLV was 1.04% amongst study participants. Molecular characterization of 555 HIV-1 specimens identified incredible diversity, including 7 subtypes, 12 CRFs, 6 unclassified, 24 Group O and 2 Group N infections. Amongst 401 HBV sequences were found a rare HBV AE recombinant and two emerging sub-genotype A strains. In addition to HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 strains, sequencing confirmed the fifth known HTLV-3 infection to date. Continued HIV/HBV/HTLV surveillance and vigilance for newly emerging strains in South Cameroon will be essential to ensure diagnostic tests and research stay a step ahead of these rapidly evolving viruses.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1/clasificación , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B Crónica/epidemiología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/genética , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 3 Humano/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangre , Secuencia de Bases , Camerún/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Genoma Viral/genética , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , Infecciones por HTLV-I/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/clasificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/clasificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 3 Humano/clasificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 3 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with head and neck carcinomas often loose a significant percentage of weight, which correlates with the complication rate. Only limited information is available on the moment and extent of weight loss and energy intake in time and the relation with type of treatment. The aim of this study was to describe the moment and extent of weight loss and nutritional energy intake in patients with tumors in oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx during diagnosis, treatment and revalidation. METHODS: An observational, prospective study on weight changes and nutritional intake in these patients was carried out during diagnosis, treatment and revalidation in relation to the type of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients successfully completed the study. A significant difference in mean bodyweight was found for patients treated by radiotherapy during treatment (-3.3 kg, P=0.01) and the early revalidation period (-3.4 kg, P=0.01) and for patients treated with surgery during diagnoses (-1.5 kg, P=0.001) and early revalidation period (1.6 kg, P=0.02). Overall patients lowered their energy intake by 122 kcal/day followed by a significant increase in energy intake during revalidation 326 kcal/day (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The radiotherapy and the concomitant radio-chemotherapy group lost most body weight during treatment and early revalidation. All treatment groups experienced a decrease in energy intake during treatment followed by a significant increase during revalidation.
