Individuals Age Determination from Human Dental Pulp Through DNA Analysis by PCR.

Objectives Age estimation in forensic odontology is having a great importance in recent times because of the request by court or other government authorities so that immigrants whose real age is unknown should not suffer unfair disadvantages because of their supposed age, and so that all legal procedures to which an individual's age is relevant can be properly followed. Purpose The present study was planned to be conducted on pulp tissue and dental hard tissues derived from individuals for DNA isolation and age determination . Materials and Methods The present study was an experimental single-blinded study consisting of 30 extracted teeth categorized into three groups as follows: Group A: 10 to 20 years, Group B: 21 to 30 years, Group C: 31 to 40 years. DNA was isolated from the pulp of each tooth and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for calculating telomere length was performed. Results With increase in age, the length of telomere gets shortened which will be helpful in analyzing the age of the person when morphological and biological remnants are not available except the tooth. Conclusion The present study found that estimation of human age based on the relative TL measured by the real-time quantitative PCR may be a useful method for age prediction, especially when there is no morphologic information in the biological sample. This is the first study to accesses the age of a person by telomere length using dental pulp.

Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva using Absorption Inhibition Method.

Objectives While DNA profiling has become the principal technique for individualization of biological evidences, ABO blood grouping is still a useful test method in the initial stages of crime investigation. Objectives of the study were blood group determination using slide agglutination method, blood group determination from saliva using absorption inhibition method, and comparison of slide agglutination method with that of absorption inhibition method from saliva sample. Materials and Methods A total of 60 subjects were taken randomly with their age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Sixty subjects were divided in to two groups, study group and control group. 5 to 10 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from 60 patients and Wieners agglutination test was performed to detect the secretor status of blood using absorption inhibition method and compared with that of slide agglutination method Results Out of 60 subjects, 52 subjects showed secretors of antigen in saliva with percentage value of 86.66% and eight subjects were nonsecretors (13.33%). Slightly higher percentage of secretor status was seen in males 84.6 and 88.2% in females. Conclusion Evaluation of secretor status of blood group antigen from saliva using absorption inhibition method can be useful method in identification of medicolegal cases.

A correlation between oral mucosal lesions and various quid-chewing habit patterns: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Quid-chewing habit is a common and old tradition in India. It causes various potentially malignant disorders. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyze the association of various quid-chewing habit patterns and different oromucosal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 cases, where all the individuals selected were having quid-chewing habit and oromucosal lesions. Detailed habit history was taken through preformed questionnaire, clinical examination was done, and the lesion was subjected to incisional biopsy and confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS: The male to female ratio of various quid-chewing habit and oromucosal lesions was 9:1. The middle aged were more commonly involved. Of the various types of quids chewed, a combination of processed betel and processed tobacco which is commercially available was used by majority of the individuals. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was seen in majority of the cases. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the association between betel, tobacco, and various lesions such as OSMF, leukoplakia, chewer's mucosa, lichenoid reaction, and chemical burn. It also confirms the strong association of betel to OSMF and tobacco to leukoplakia.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary gland: Presenting as ranula.

Malignant tumors of the salivary gland are rare, clinically diverse group of neoplasms, among which mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are reported to be most frequently occurring epithelial carcinomas. MEC at times misleads the clinician because of its atypical location and innocent appearance. Here, we report a case of low-grade MEC in a 70-year-old female patient in the floor of the mouth mimicking as ranula clinically. Individuals with a history of malignancy are at risk for the development of additional malignant tumors; hence, follow-up of 2 years did not show any recurrence or additional tumors.

Sonographic imaging of fibrosis of oral mucosa and its correlation with clinical staging in oral submucous fibrosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) as a noninvasive tool in assessing the severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) by measuring the submucosal thickness and also to correlate the sonographic changes with clinical staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The submucosal thickness of the upper and lower labial mucosa, anterior and posterior portions of the right and left buccal mucosa were measured using ultrasound in 64 patients comprising of 32 OSMF patients and 32 controls. Among the controls, 16 were with a habit of chewing gutkha and 16 were without any habit history. RESULTS: In OSMF group, four patients were with Stage I, 13 were with Stage II, 11 were with Stage III, and four with Stage IV. Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance for the significance of difference among the groups in submucosal thickness. As the stages of OSMF advanced, there was an increase in submucosal thickness of the buccal mucosa in the study group when compared with controls (P< 0.005). CONCLUSION: USG is an effective noninvasive zero radiation tool for assessing the progression of OSMF.

Oral lymphangioma: A rare case report.

Lymphangiomas are benign hamartomatous tumors of the lymphatic channels which present as developmental malformations arising from sequestration of lymphatic tissue that do not communicate with the rest of the lymphatic channels. Lymphatic vessels are filled with a clear protein-rich fluid containing few lymph cells. It can also occur in association with hemangioma. The onset of lymphangiomas are either at birth (60% to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%) and rare in adults. Lymphangiomas have marked predilection for the head and neck region (50-70%). The most common location in the mouth is the dorsum of tongue, followed by lips, buccal mucosa, soft palate, and floor of the mouth. On tongue, they may present as a localized or a diffused growth which may enlarge to cause macroglossia, impaired speech and difficulty in mastication. Herewith, we present a rare case of lymphangioma of tongue leading to macroglossia in a 8-year-old boy.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible: A clinicoradiographic view.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) or Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare carcinoma, which arises within the jaws without connection to the oral mucosa and presumably develops from a remnant of odontogenic epithelium. It is a rare case which arises by direct transformation of odontogenic epithelial rests in the jawbone, including the epithelial rests found within the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, remnants of the dental lamina, and the reduced enamel epithelium surrounding an unerupted/impacted tooth. Herein, we report a case of a 76-year-old male patient who came with a complaint of deviation of his jaws to one side which revealed resorption of total part of the condyle along with the condylar head and coronoid process on radiographic evaluation, which was histopathologically diagnosed as primary intraosseous carcinoma which is a very rare clinical entity.

Estimation of serum superoxide dismutase and serum malondialdehyde in oral submucous fibrosis: a clinical and biochemical study.

BACKGROUND: To estimate the level of lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and the activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the correlation of these parameters in Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSF). AIMS: Estimation of MDA and SOD levels in OSF patients and controls. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Patients above 15 years of age, who were diagnosed as OSF based upon thorough history, clinical examination and histopathological examination without any underlying systemic diseases, were included in the present study. Equal number of healthy subjects without any deleterious habits and without any clinically obvious oral lesions or systemic diseases were selected as the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The estimation of MDA in serum was done by thiobarbituric acid reactive species method. SOD was assayed by inhibition and autoxidation of adrenaline method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were analyzed with Student's t-test. RESULTS: Comparison of MDA, SOD among the OSF group and control group showed statistically significant increased levels of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase among the OSF groups. Significant changes were not seen in MDA and SOD levels between the different grades of OSF. CONCLUSIONS: From the present study, estimation of lipid peroxidation like MDA was done, which showed increased levels in the OSF group compared to the control group and antioxidant enzyme levels like SOD showed decreased levels in the OSF group compared to the control group. These can be considered as a subject of interest for their possible role in many of the precancerous and cancerous conditions.