Clinical and electrocardiographic correlates of myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19 in nonhospitalised patients in long-term follow-up. Data from the polish long-covid cardiovascular study.

Clinical evidence indicates that COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease that significantly impacts the cardiovascular system. However, little is known about the predictors of myocardial dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the clinical and electrocardiographic correlates of myocardial dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhospitalised patients without previously diagnosed cardiovascular disease. This observational study included 448 patients selected from the database of 4142 patients in the Polish Long-Covid Cardiovascular study. All patients underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG); 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, 24/7 ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. According to the results of diagnostic tests, patients were divided into two groups depending on the occurrence of myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19. Group 1-without myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19-consisted of 419 patients, with a mean age of 48.82 (SD ± 11.91), and Group 2 (29 patients)-with myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19, with a mean age of 51.45 (SD ± 12.92). When comparing the analysed groups, there were significantly more men in Group 2 (p = 0.006). QRS (corresponds to the time of ventricular contraction in an electrocardiographic examination) fragmentation (p = 0.031), arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, supraventricular extrasystole, ventricular extrasystole) (p = 0.008), and male gender (p = 0.007) were independently associated with myocardial dysfunction after COVID-19. The study showed that myocardial damage after COVID-19 affects men more often and is independent of typical clinical factors and the severity of the disease course. The QRS fragmentation and arrhythmias observed in the ECG indicate the possibility of myocardial dysfunction in patients after COVID-19, which may be a valuable marker for physicians.

Epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of Interferon alpha induced thyroid disorders. A Prospective Clinical Study.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide problem and hepatitis, which is its natural unfavourable course, is still a challenge for hepatologist. At present, standards of treatment are changing from combined therapy with interferon alpha (IFN-α) and ribavirin to new antiviral drugs. The current classification divides interferon induced thyroid diseases (IITD) into two groups: autoimmune (Hashimoto disease, Graves disease, positive antithyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid patients) and non-autoimmune (destructive thyroiditis, non-autoimmune hypothyroidism). A common complication of cytokine therapy is the induction of antithyroid autoantibodies de novo without thyroid dysfunction. During therapeutic regimens combined with ribavirin, destructive thyroiditis with typical biphasic course is more common than in IFN-α monotherapy. Clinically, overt pathologies often have discrete symptoms, which cause diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. AIMS: The aim of this study was to estimate IITD occurrence, to find risk factors for IITD development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 66 patients treated for HCV infection. Before and during antiviral therapy, hormonal (TSH, fT4, fT3), immunological (thyroid autoantibodies), ultrasonographic and genetic (HLA-A2) parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Hormonal disturbances were detected in 24.2% of patients; however, 43.9% of patients had positive thyroid autoantibodies (de novo) without hormonal imbalance. Multivariate analysis revealed the following: female sex, elevated TSH level, occurrence of anti-TPO autoantibodies (TPO-Ab), and increased blood velocity in thyroid arteries are risk factors for IITD development. IN CONCLUSION: Thyroid disorders are common during IFN-α therapy. Previous epidemiological data seem to be underestimated. Important risk factors for IITD development are: female sex, elevated serum TSH concentration (≥2.5 µU/mL), positive TPO-Ab and increased blood velocity in thyroid arteries.

Agreement and reproducibility of radiological signs in NEC using The Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale (DAAS).

PURPOSE: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Abdominal radiography is currently an imaging modality of choice in NEC. Recently, a numeric scale of radiological signs in NEC-The Duke Abdominal Assessment (DAAS) was introduced. The aim of this study was to measure the intra- and inter-observer agreement on the radiological signs of NEC according to DAAS to access the feasibility of this scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed 87 radiographs performed in a group of 43 high-risk neonates with suspected NEC. Radiographs were assessed by 6 independent observers: two pediatric radiologists, two radiology residents, and two neonatologists. Data were analyzed using κ statistics as a measure of intra- and inter-observer agreement. RESULTS: Fair-to-good intra-observer agreement was noted for all but one of observers. However, with the wide range in κ values, we found only fair inter-observer agreement detecting signs of NEC according to DAAS. There was a higher intra-group agreement in radiology practitioners, with the highest among experienced pediatric radiologists. CONCLUSION: However, with high observer variability in interpretation of all radiologic signs, we did not confirm that Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale could reliable facilitate reporting of abdominal radiographic findings in neonates with suspected NEC.

Mucinous borderline ovarian tumor: a case report with diagnostic insights on ultrasound findings.

Borderline ovarian tumors represent about 10% of all epithelial ovarian cancers, but in contrast to epithelial ovarian cancers, they constitute a group of tumors with a much better prognosis. An assessment of clinical presentation, physical examination, radiological and biochemical findings is necessary to tailor management strategies for patients with ovarian tumors. The article, which is based on a case report, describes different approaches for preoperative diagnosis as well as discusses approaches that might bring some insights on tumor histology. Furthermore, it raises a question about which imaging techniques should be proposed for a reliable diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors to ensure safe surgery planning.

The importance and perspective of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of endometriosis.

MR imaging is becoming increasingly important in the assessment of patients with endometriosis. Its multiplanar capabilities and superior soft tissue contrast are particularly useful in the detection of deep infiltrating endometriotic implants. Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrium, is among the most common gynaecological disorders affecting women in their reproductive age. The diagnosis and evaluation of the extension of endometriosis are difficult only with physical examination and laparoscopy. According to the authors' personal experience, a special MRI technique and some imaging guidelines regarding different anatomical localizations of endometriosis are discussed. This review is a brief presentation of current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the evaluation of endometriosis concerning other diagnostic methods, the limitations of MRI and its essential usefulness for preoperative diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis, and future perspectives in monitoring this disease.

Comparison of SPECT-CT results and intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the results of single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) with those of intraoperative gamma probe detection and assess the clinical utility of SPECT-CT for sentinel lymph node biopsy in endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 70 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy (routine pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was additionally performed in high-risk patients). Tc-99m radiocolloid albumin was injected into the cervix and a blue dye was injected superficially into the fundus. RESULTS: SPECT-CT revealed hot spots in 64 patients (91.4%). The detection rates were 97.1 and 94.3% using the combined technique and the hand-held gamma probe, respectively. In 19 cases (27.1%) 35 hot spots detected on SPECT-CT were not diagnosed as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) during surgery. In each patient with undetected hot spots located in the common iliac or para-aortic regions, hot SLNs were found during surgery in the obturator or external iliac region. In addition, SPECT-CT had detected 88.9% of the SLNs found during surgery. With respect to the 13 cases not detected on SPECT-CT, the hot SLNs had very low activity. Using the combined method, 95.1% of SLNs were found in typical locations (external iliac or obturator nodes). There were two metastatic nodes: one in SLN and one in nonsentinel node. CONCLUSION: SPECT-CT yields a high SLN detection rate; however, there is significant discrepancy in comparison with intraoperative findings, which limits its clinical utility. In addition, in the majority of cases SLNs are found in typical areas, which means that they can be reliably detected using an intraoperative gamma probe.

Imaging modalities and clinical assesment in men affected with Peyronie's disease.

BACKGROUND: Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of fibrous tissue plaques within the tunica albuginea, usually causing a penile deformity and a subsequent erectile dysfunction. Diagnosis of PD is based on medical and sexual history, physical examination and imaging examinations, i.e.: ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance and X-ray mammography. MATERIAL/METHODS: Ultrasound appears superior to all other methods for depicting calcifications, with the detection rate of 100%. It is safe, non-invasive, repeatable and reliable. It should be a method of choice in most standard cases of Peyronie's disease. With color Doppler ultrasound (CDU), one can find hyperperfusion around the plaques as a sign of inflammation in the active state of the disease. CDU is useful in diagnosing erectile dysfunction which is observed in most cases of PD. RESULTS: MR is superior to US and X-ray as regards the detection of periplaque inflammation, though this information can be obtained from medical history and penile plaque palpation. MR, being an expensive imaging modality, should be reserved for special cases, i.e.: plaques located at the penile basis, a suspicion of malignant disease, and prior penile surgery. CONCLUSIONS: X-ray mammography is the most accurate in showing calcifications as well as the angle of penile curvature. However, the possibility of obtaining this information does not justify the use of ionizing radiation for that purpose.

Radiofrequency ablation of small symptomatic angiomyolipomas of the kidney: Report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: The development of more sensitive imaging techniques caused an increase in the number of diagnosed small renal tumors. The small size of the lesions allows for their treatment with minimally invasive nephron-sparing methods. Approximately 2-3% of these lesions are proved to be angiomyolipomas (AML). AML is a rare benign tumor of the kidney, sometimes causing pain and hematuria. The most commonly required approach is observation but in case of recurrent symptoms or larger tumors which may cause bleeding, a more active treatment is needed. This paper demonstrated the evolution of our attitude leading to utilization of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a minimally invasive option in the management of small symptomatic AMLs of the kidneys. MATERIAL/METHODS: We presented clinical data of two cases of symptomatic AML tumors in the kidney, treated with RFA. The tumors were diagnosed on the basis of a contrast-enhanced CT (computed tomography) scan. The probe was inserted into the lesion percutaneously under USG (ultrasonography) guidance. RESULTS: RFA proved to be an effective and safe method of treatment of renal AMLs. A follow-up carried out after 1.5 and 3 years, basing on contrast-enhanced CT tests, confirmed a complete ablation of the AML and decreased tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Promising results of RFA in the management of AML may encourage urologists and radiologists to use this minimally invasive technology and to qualify patients for this treatment more often and thus to prevent potential complications in the future.

Doppler evaluation of external iliac vein hemodynamic changes caused by lymphocele after lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To use Doppler sonography to assess the hemodynamic changes in the external iliac vein (EIV) compressed by a pelvic lymphocele after pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postoperative gray-scale and Doppler sonographic examinations were performed in 71 women after pelvic lymphadenectomy. Twenty healthy women served as controls. When present, the lymphocele was graded on a scale of 1 to 4 based on the percentage of the circumference of iliac vessels in contact with the lymphocele (ie, circumferential contiguity) (grade 1, 0-24%; grade 2, 25-49%; grade 3, 50-74%; grade 4, 75-100%), and in 3 groups according to its maximum diameter (group A, 1-40 mm; group B, 41-60 mm; group C, >60 mm). EIV velocity was measured, and waveform modulation by respiratory movements was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 40 lymphoceles in 22 patients. The mean (+/-SD) EIV velocity was 24.5 +/- 14.8 cm/s in the control group, 38.2 +/- 5.9 cm/s in group 1, 69.2 +/- 29.4 cm/s in group 2, 105.75 +/- 12.36 cm/s in group 3, and 139.5 +/- 33.79 cm/s in group 4. Spontaneous EIV blood flow could not be detected in 2 cases in the later group. EIV flow modulation was significantly lower in patients with greater lymphocele contiguity or diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Post-pelvic lymphadenectomy causes EIV extrinsic compression that results in upstream blood stasis, potentially increasing the risk for deep vein thrombosis.

[The role of Doppler ultrasound studies in the diagnosis of the thyroid diseases]. / Rola badan dopplerowskich w diagnostyce chorób tarczycy.

The methods of the recent doppler ultrasonography techniques and their application in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases are discussed with current literature review. Doppler sonography allows quantification of thyroid tissue vascularity. Due to the unique thyroid hypervascularity in Graves' disease Doppler sonography is helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up. The diagnostic value of Doppler sonography in the differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules is not established yet.