[Dynamics od reparative processes in bronchial stump after pneumonectomy in experimental animals]. / Dinamika reparativnykh protsessov v kul'te bronkha posle pnevmonéktomii u éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh.

Repair processes in the bronchus stump after pneumonectomy in 25 rats and 25 guinea-pigs were analysed. The tests were conducted on 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days of the postoperative period using bronchus stump and its bottom material for semithin ++ slices and electron microscopy, respectively. At early stages, besides necrotic and necrobiotic changes in the bronchus stump, compensatory and adaptive reactions are also observed. 14 days after operation there was a restoration of epithelial lining and formation of granulation tissue around the stitches. By the 30-th day considerable degenerative and functional changes are detected in the lamina proper, including its cellular elements, as well as in the structure of collagenic, elastic and smooth muscular fibers. Basal cells, endotheliocytes and fibroblasts are the most active sources of regeneration.

[Ultrastructural changes in the erythrocytes irradiated with ultraviolet light]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia éritrotsitov, obluchennykh ul'trafioletovym svetom.

The ultrastructure of erythrocytes of donor blood and blood of patients suffering from kidney insufficiency was studied with the help of scanning and transmission electron microscopes before and after it was treated with ultraviolet light. It was concluded that after being treated with ultraviolet light, the ultrastructure of donor blood erythrocytes undergoes significant positive changes which are being characterized by normalization of the form of cells, decrease of associative ties between them, the cytoplasm content becomes more homogenous. There was a noticeable increase of a number of discocytes and a decreased number of associative ties between the cells after the patients' own blood was treated with ultraviolet light. The violation of the wholesomeness of erythrocytes membrane was not discovered. The indications are that the observed therapeutical effect after treating blood with ultraviolet light, is explained, to a certain extent, by the ultrastructural modification of erythrocytes membrane.

[Dynamics of morphological changes in the epithelial layer of the respiratory tract after endobronchial treatment of suppurative endobronchitis by helium-neon laser irradiation (experimental study)]. / Dinamika morfologicheskikh izmenenii épitelial'noi vystilki dykhatel'nogo trakta pri éndobronkhial'noi terapii éndobronkhita izlucheniem gelii-neonovogo lazera (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

The results of a dynamic examination with the use of an electron microscope of semi- and ultrathin sections of the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract in the experimental dogs under endobronchial treatment of nonspecific endobronchitis with varying doses of low-energy radiation from helium-neon laser are presented. It was proved that the outcomes of regeneration of the bronchial mucosal membrane epithelium under endobronchial treatment of purulent endobronchitis with low-energy radiation of the helium-neon laser much depend both on exposure time (single doses of energy), and multiplicity (cumulative dose of energy), and the period after the laser therapy. The most favourable regeneration takes place under 5-minute (single dose of 4.5 J) radiation with 8 to 9 sessions (cumulative dose of 23.1 +/- 1.5 J). A regeneration most close to the normal condition of the bronchial mucous membrane epithelium is achieved at 2.5-3d months after the onset of the experiment (or a month after the laser therapy).

[The effect of carnosine on the healing of a lung wound]. / Vliianie karnozina na zazhivlenie rany legkogo.

The influence of carnosine (beta-alanine, alpha-histidine) on the process of lung wound reparation was studied in 90 guinea-pigs. Its efficacy was evaluated microscopically, histologically and by means of electronic microscope. It was established that carnosine, as compared to controls nearly twice accelerates reparative processes in the injured lung by activation of fibroblast proliferation, connective tissue generation and intracellular regeneration. In type II epithelial cells more intensive formation of osmiophilic bodies and lamellar bodies contained in them is observed. The alveolus formation in the wound lips by the 7-8th day after lung injury is going on under the carnosine influence, which is due, probably, to massive excretion of osmiophilic contents from type II epithelial cells and surfactant production. This may be connected with rapid decrease of atelectasis and rapid restoration of lung airness within the wound.

[Changes in the respiratory organs in experimental adenovirus infection]. / Izmeneniia organov dykhaniia pri éksperimental'noi adenovirusnoi infektsii.

An experiment on 6 green monkeys and on 286 cotton newly born rats was made with the aim of studying the lung during experimental adenovirus infection. All the animals during different terms of infection (from 6 hours and up to 40 days) have been studied. Several morphological changes were discovered in the lungs of monkeys and rats after 6 hours of infection and were retained up to the 10-th day of infection. All the components of air-blood barrier and basal membranes were involved in the process, but after 20 day of the experimental adenovirus infection the entire restoration of cellular structure occurred.

[Experimental regeneration of the lungs]. / Regeneratsiia legkikh v éksperimente.

In experiments on 150 guinea pigs, processes of lung wound healing were followed and the more active cellular sources of regeneration were identified. Measurements of cyclic adenosine monophosphate components in the course of lung healing indicated that histologic and electron-microscopic studies would be more informative if done at days 1, 3, 4, 7, and 14 after lung damage. Both cellular and intracellular mechanisms of regeneration were involved in the healing processes. The type II pneumonocyte be designated as a cambial cell of pulmonary parenchyma, for this cell displays the highest proliferative potency and is responsible for the epithelial lining of newly formed alveoli. The formation of these is shown to be assured through functional activity of all cellular alveolar elements (involving intracellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy of ultrastructures and especially dynamic morphological and functional alterations in osmiophilic bodies of type II pneumonocytes) and capillary neoformation.

[The effect of ultraviolet irradiation of patients' blood on the morphofunctional status of erythrocytes]. / Vliianie ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi bol'nykh na morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie éritrotsitov.

The morphofunctional status of red blood cells was studied in patients with terminal renal failure associated with pyo-inflammatory complications treated by means of ultraviolet radiation of autologous blood. The authors have established that ultraviolet radiation of autologous blood results in the increase of the discocyte count and red blood cell activation, evidenced by the rise of the young red blood cell count, of the red blood cell population with marked activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, of the content of sulfhydryl groups, and by the increase of erythrocytic adhesion.

[Morphofunctional changes in blood cells irradiated with ultraviolet light]. / Morfofunktsional'nye izmeneniia kletok krovi, obluchennoi ul'trafioletovym svetom.

Red cell and leukocyte morphology and function have been examined in donor blood UV irradiated in a flow closed circulation. The studies have revealed that a single UV irradiation enhances red cell resistance to chemical hemolysis, helps them acquire normal shape; besides, it improves leukocytic functional activity, that manifests by enhanced phosphatase activity and augmentation of the granulocyte phagocytic activity.

[Treatment of nonspecific endobronchitis with low-intensity laser irradiation (experimental study)]. / Lechenie nespetsificheskikh endobronkhitov nizkointensivnym lazernym izlucheniem (eksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Results of endobronchial treatment of experimental purulent endobronchitis (PE) in dogs with low intensity He-Ne laser are presented. The endobronchial use of the laser energy in treatment of PE was shown expedient and valid. Comparison of the visual endoscopic picture with the findings of the histochemical and electron microscopic examination of the bronchial mucosa bioptates in the time course of the treatment provided establishment of the optimal regimen for the treatment of nonspecific PE with He-Ne laser.

[Variants of the ultrastructure of bronchial ciliary cells]. / Varianty ul'trastruktury resnitchatykh kletok bronkhov.

The structure of the ciliated epithelium and its regeneration under normal conditions were studied using biopsy specimens of the trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi from healthy dogs. The specimens were processed with the routine methods for electron microscopy. Along with the typical structure of the ciliated cells there were observed various deviations considered earlier as consequences of bronchopulmonary pathology: changed cytoplasm of the ciliated cells in the form of cytoplasmic processes or follicles. In their composition there were single cilia, their aggregates and secretory granules. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the cilia were in the form of cilia with excessive cytoplasm, cilia aggregates included in a common cuticula, etc. It was suggested that the changes in the ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium reflected a definite stage of the cell development and represented the normal state variants.

[Regeneration of the alveolar tree after suppurative-destructive diseases of the lungs]. / Vosstanovlenie al'veoliarnogo dereva posle gnoino-destruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

Electron microscopic examinations of the lungs of animals with the model of experimental staphylococcal destruction of the lungs have revealed the regeneration of lung tissues which took place by the 6th month from the onset of the disease. The stimulating effect of laser radiation on the cell growth at the expense of mitosis was observed in the culture of epithelioid cells of the lung tissue. Findings of bronchography, angiopulmonography and an analysis of the function of external respiration in 10 patients have shown a complete anatomical and functional recovery of the alveolar tissue in sites of the former localization of pulmonary abscesses.

[Characteristics of development of the rat embryonal lung after resection of the maternal lung]. / Osobennosti razvitiia émbrional'nogo legkogo krysy v usloviiakh udaleniia legkogo materi.

Histological and electron microscopic studies of embryos from pulmonectomized female rats have revealed retarded differentiation of respiratory rudiment epithelium manifested in delayed appearance of osmiophylic laminar corpuscles and decreased number of type II pneumocytes in respiratory rudiment lining. Osmiophylic laminar corpuscles in them were less differentiated, as compared to the control. In addition, embryonic lungs in pulmonectomized rats were characterized by excessive mesenchyma development and respective decrease in respiratory rudiment area. It is concluded that embryonic lungs developed during pulmonary tissue deficit in the mother are functionally less mature.

[Role of injury in the appearance of "activated" smooth muscle cells]. / Znachenie povreshdeniia dlia poiavleniia "aktivirovannykh" gladkikh myshechnykh kletok.

The ultrastructure of the smooth muscle tissue was studied in the posterior vena cava in rats after the disturbance of blood outflow, in the stomach following resection of half of its fundus and cecum after constriction of its ascending limb. "Activation" of the smooth muscle was found to reflect the stage of the cell ultrastructure injury, and then the processes of intracellular regeneration. Analysis of the correlation between the DNP-synthesizing and the "activated" cells showed the latter to be of local origin, from the differentiated myocytes.