Synthesis of mesoporous triple-metal nanosorbent from layered double hydroxide as an efficient new sorbent for removal of dye from water and wastewater.

In this study, co-precipitation synthesis of the mesoporous triple-metal nanosorbent from Fe, Cu, Ni layered double hydroxide (FeCuNi-LDH), on the basis of the data obtained from the TG analysis was carried out. The FTIR spectroscopy and XRD results confirm the formation of CuO, NiO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, while the EDX analysis does not show significant variations on the surface in elemental composition. BET analysis shows that FeCuNi-280 (FeCuNi-LDH calcinated at 280 °C) with mesoporous structure, has larger surface area compared to FeCuNi-LDH and FeCuNi-550 (FeCuNi-LDH calcinated at 550 °C). The value of pHPZC of FeCuNi-280 is found to be 8.66. Obtained FeCuNi-280 material showed the ability for efficient removal of dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) from water, with a very high sorption capacity of 480.79 mg/g at optimal conditions: the sorbent dose of 0.6 g/dm3, stirring speed of 280 rpm and pH 2. The kinetics results of the sorption process were well fitted by pseudo-second order and Chrastil model, and the sorption isotherm was well described by Sips, Langmuir and Brouers-Sotolongo model. FeCuNi-280 was easily regenerated with aqueous solution of NaOH, and reutilization was successfully done in five sorption cycles. The present study show that easy-to-prepare, relatively inexpensive nanosorbent FeCuNi-280 is among the best sorbents for the removal of RB19 dye from water solution and wastewater from textile industry in wide range of pH.

Removal of cationic pollutants from water by xanthated corn cob: optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and prediction of purification process.

The removal of Cr(III) ions and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions by xanthated corn cob (xCC) in batch conditions was investigated. The sorption capacity of xCC strongly depended of the pH, and increase when the pH rises. The kinetics was well fitted by pseudo-second-order and Chrastil's model. Sorption of Cr(III) ions and MB on xCC was rapid during the first 20 min of contact time and, thereafter, the biosorption rate decrease gradually until reaching equilibrium. The maximum sorption capacity of 17.13 and 83.89 mg g-1 for Cr(III) ions and MB, respectively, was obtained at 40 °C, pH 5, and sorbent dose 4 g dm-3 for removal of Cr(III) ions and 1 g dm-3 for removal of MB. The prediction of purification process was successfully carried out, and the verification of theoretically calculated amounts of sorbent was confirmed by using packed-bed column laboratory system with recirculation of the aqueous phase. The wastewater from chrome plating industry was successfully purified, i.e., after 40 min concentration of Cr(III) ions was decreased lower than 0.1 mg dm-3. Also, removal of MB from the river water was successfully carried out and after 40 min, removal efficiency was about 94%.

A Novel Biosorbent Lagenaria vulgaris Shell - ZrO2for the Removal of Textile Dye From Water.

A new biosorbent, abbreviated as LVB-ZrO2, was synthesized by chemically modifying Lagenaria vulgaris shell with ZrO2. The removal of textile dye RB19 from aqueous solution by LVB-ZrO2was studied. Characterization by SEM, FTIR and XRD confirmed the chemical modification of the biomaterial, which showed significant improvement of removal efficiency compared with unmodified Lagenaria vulgaris shell. LVB-ZrO2point of zero charge is 5.49. The biosorption process is highly pH dependent and the optimal pH is 2.0, at which complete dye removal was attained. The results are the best by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The optimal adsorbent dosage is 4 mg/dm³.The RB19 biosorption follows the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.9978), with the maximum sorption capacity of 75.12 mg/g. LVB-ZrO2is a mechanically stable, easy to synthesize, cost-effective, biocompatible and environmentally-friendly biosorbent with the high potential for the removal of RB19 from aqueous solution.

COLITIS AND "DIAPHRAGM DISEASE" OF THE COLON IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT DUE TO PROLONGED USE OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG.

INTRODUCTION: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may lead to stricture of the small intestine and less frequently of the colon. Colonic strictures have not been described in patients on dialysis and the aim of this report is to show the case of dialysis patient who was followed for recurrent and prolonged diarrhea. CASE REPORT: We present the patient on chronic dialysis for 15 years who used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to chronic pain and who developed recurrent diarrhea. Diagnosis was made by endoscopy and confirmed by histology. Specific therapy was applied with a good response. CONCLUSION: Although not described in the literature, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colitis and/or diaphragm disease could be a potential reason for recurrent or prolonged diarrhea in dialysis patients.

Identification of intermediates and ecotoxicity assessment during the UV/H2O2 oxidation of azo dye Reactive Orange 16.

Degradation of azo dye Reactive Orange 16, a widely used textile dye, was carried out with UV light in the presence of H2O2. The experiments were conducted in the batch mode using low-pressure mercury lamps, emitting at 253.7 nm. Liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR) were employed in order to identify some of degradation products as well as to suggest possible degradation pathways. According to the mass spectrum characterization of RO16 dye and MS(n) fragmentation (up to MS(4)), its possible fragmentation pattern was proposed. The results revealed that degradation occurred mainly via hydroxylation, cleavage of the C‒S bond between the aromatic ring and the sulfonate group, cleavage of the azo bond, cleavage of the C‒N bond between azo group and naphthalene ring and aromatic ring opening. Toxicity test with marine photobacterium Vibrio Fisheri was performed to consider whether or not the UV/H2O2 treatment of RO16 dye results in the products with enhanced toxicity for aquatic life.

Morphometric study of uninvolved rectal mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor.

Recently, many details of the interplay between tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal elements leading to the progression of malignant disease were elucidated. In contrast, little is known about the role of uninvolved stromal tissue in the remote surrounding of the malignant tumor. Therefore, we performed a computer-aided morphometric study of rectal mucosa in samples taken 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor during endoscopic examination of 23 patients older than 60 years. The samples of rectal mucosa from 10 healthy persons of corresponding age subjected to diagnostic rectoscopy during active screening for asymptomatic cancer were used as control. All structural elements of the rectal mucosa were studied and the number of nucleated cells in the lamina propria per 0.1 mm² of tissue was assessed. Our study revealed a reduced number of cells in the lamina propria of the rectal mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the tumor lesion in both male and female patients. The decreased mucosal height and increased crypt number were registered in female patients 10 cm away from the tumor. The connective tissue of lamina propria showed a disorderly organization: the collagen fibers were frail, loosely arranged and signs of tissue edema were present. Small blood vessels and capillaries were much more frequently seen than in healthy tissue. Our results demonstrate the complex interactions between the cancer and remote mucosal tissue of the affected organ.

Neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma in a young patient.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumors cover a spectrum of neoplasms showing wide variations in their clinicopathological and pathogenetic features, as well as prognosis. They may develop throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract. CASE REPORT: We described a case of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 29-year-old male. The patient presented with chronic continuous abdominal pain and weight loss over a 6-month period. Preoperative diagnosis, operative findings, histology and immunohistochemistry of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of the rare neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma, stage T2N1. CONCLUSION: Case reports of this rare tumor are important, because of the paucity of studies noted in the gastrointestinal literature as a result of poor identification prior to the advent of modern immunohistochemistry. Significance of accurately diagnosing gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors is crucial for an appropriate treatment.

Morphometric study of healthy jejunal and ileal mucosa in adult and aged subjects.

Small intestine mucosa is often affected with malabsorptive, autoimmune and inflammatory pathological processes. However, morphometric data on the healthy human small intestine mucosa, especially ileum, are scarce. We aimed to obtain histoquantitative data on the healthy jejunal and ileal mucosa and assess the effects of gender and ageing on these parameters. Computer-aided morphometric analysis was performed on 24 jejunal and 25 ileal biopsy samples collected upon routine endoscopy screening of healthy persons with a family history of intestinal malignancy. Subjects were distributed in four groups according to age and sex: adult (<60 years) and elderly (>60 years) males, and adult (<60 years) and elderly (>60 years) females. Results were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. Jejunal mucosal thickness was significantly reduced in elderly subjects (p<0.05), especially in elderly females compared to adult ones (p<0.05). Jejunal villi were significantly wider in adult than in the elderly subjects (p<0.05), whereas ileal villi were significantly wider in elderly compared to adult subjects (p<0.01) and in male compared to female subjects (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in other histoquantitative parameters (mucosa epithelium height, crypt numerical density, villous height, crypts and villous perimeter, diameter and epithelium height) of jejunal and ileal mucosa. This study provides complete morphometric data on the healthy human jejunum and the first relevant data on the healthy ileal mucosa, thus representing a valuable morphometric reference for future histoquantitative studies of human small bowel mucosa in both healthy and disease affected individuals.

Removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from model wastewaters by spontaneous reduction-coagulation process in flow conditions.

The treatment of model wastewaters containing heavy metals by spontaneous reduction-coagulation process using micro-alloyed aluminium composite (MAlC) in a laboratory semi-flow system (SFS) has been investigated. Several working parameters, such as treatment time, pH, initial metal concentration and flow rate were studied in an attempt to achieve a higher removal capacity. The residual concentrations of metals were at admissible levels after only 20 min of treatment. Removal rate of Zn(2+) was greater at neutral pH than at acid or basic, while Cu(2+) removal was less affected by pH. Removal constants of both metals decreased as initial metal concentration increased from 20 to 200 mg L(-1). In mixed wastewaters the presence of copper caused increase of Zn(2+) removal efficacy, however, the copper removal was not affected by zinc. The removal mechanisms depend on metals nature and pH: copper was mainly removed by reduction, while zinc by precipitation as hydroxide. The kinetic of process was mass-transport limited, thus increasing of flow rate accelerated removal of metals. The method was found to be highly efficient and faster compared to conventional treatments.