Diet and nutrition against inflammatory bowel disease: Trick or treat(ment)?

Even if the relationships between nutrition and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain underexplored, the current literature is providing, day by day, much more evidence on the effects of various diets in both prevention and treatment of such illnesses. Wrong dietary habits, together with other environmental factors such as pollution, breastfeeding, smoke, and/or antibiotics, are among the theoretical pathogenetic causes of IBD, whose multifactorial aetiology has been already confirmed. While some of these risk factors are potentially reversible, some others cannot be avoided, and efficient treatments become necessary to prevent IBD spread or recurrence. Furthermore, the drugs currently available for treatment of such disease provide low-to-no effect against the symptoms, making the illnesses still strongly disabling. Whether nutrition and specific diets will prove to effectively interrupt the course of IBD has still to be clarified and, in this sense, further research concerning the applications of such dietary interventions is still needed.

COVID-19 and blood groups: A six-months observational study in Ferrara, Italy.

The current literature still gives a little information about the relationships between the ABO blood group system and the immune response to the virus or the different disease outcomes. Hypothesizing the presence of a predisposition by some blood groups to COVID-19, we searched for differences between patients towards the different outcomes of disease.We enrolled 330 inpatients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, determining both their ABO blood group system and Rh factor, collecting demographic, clinical and laboratory data. We searched for relationships with COVID-19 outcomes within an observation period of 180 days (Intensification of Care - IoC, Inhospital death, 180-days mortality). The most frequent ABO blood group was A (45.8%); a minor part was represented by group O (38.8%), B (11.5%), AB (3.9%). As for the Rh factor, 86.7% of patients were Rh-positive. There were no significant differences between blood groups and Rh factors as for age, length of hospital stays (LoS), or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), nor we found significant relationships between the ABO groups and COVID-19 outcomes. A significant relation was found between AB group and IoC (p=0.03) while as for the Rh factor, the patients with Rh factor positive died with less frequency during the stay (p=0.03). Cox regression analyses showed substantial differences in the survival functions concerning the Rh factors. The Rh factor seems to be involved in the 180-day prognosis. The survival functions of patients with Rh factor positive show, in fact, significantly better curves when compared to those with Rh factor negative.

COVID-19 inpatients with gastrointestinal onset: sex and care needs' differences in the district of Ferrara, Italy.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is characterized by interstitial pneumonia, but a presentation of the disease with digestive symptoms only may occur. This work was aimed at evaluating: (1) the prevalence of presentation with digestive symptoms only in our cohort of COVID-19 inpatients; (2) differences between patients with and without gastrointestinal onset; (3) differences among males and females with gastrointestinal presentation; (4) outcomes of the groups of subjects with and without gastrointestinal onset. METHOD: We retrospectively divided the patients hospitalized with COVID-19 into two groups: (1) the one with digestive symptoms (DSG) and (2) the other without digestive symptoms (NDSG). We compared the subjects of DSG with those of NDSG and males with females in the DSG group only, in terms of demographics (age, sex), inflammation and organ damage indexes, length of stay, in-hospital and 100-day mortality. RESULTS: The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms at presentation was 12.5%. The DSG group showed a prevalence of females, and these tended to a shorter hospital stay; DSG patients were younger and with a higher load of comorbidities, but no differences concerning inflammation and organ damage indexes, need for intensification of care, in-hospital and 100-day mortality were detected. Among DSG patients, males were younger than females, more comorbid, with higher serum CRP and showed a longer length of hospital stay. Survival functions of DSG patients, in general, are more favourable than those of NDSG if adjusted for sex, age and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The prevalence of gastrointestinal presentation among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 12.5%; (2) DSG patients were on average younger, more comorbid and with a prevalence of females, with a shorter hospital stay; (3) in the DSG group, males had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Score and needed a longer hospital stay; (4) DSG subjects seem to survive longer than those of the NDSG group.

Physical performance status predicts mortality in aging patients undergoing pacemaker implantation.

AIMS: To assess whether frailty or reduced physical performance status may have an impact on clinical outcomes after pacemaker implantation in aging patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients aged more than 70 years, admitted to the hospital for pacemaker implantation, was enrolled. Patients were evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Handgrip Strength Test at hospital discharge and at 1 year. Overall mortality was the primary study endpoint. RESULTS: Out of the 119 patients, the majority (71%) of patients had reduced physical performance (defined by an SPPB score <10 points). After a median follow-up of 46 months, the mortality was 31% of the population. SPPB value at discharge predicted death even after adjusting for pertinent confounders (adjusted hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.99, P = 0.02). Patients with a poorer SPPB score at discharge (SPPB 0-3) had also an increased risk of death or rehospitalization at 1 year compared with patients with highest SPPB score (odds ratio OR 4.05, 95% CI 1-16.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced physical performance is associated with increased mortality in aging patients with bradyarrhythmia requiring pacemaker implantation. The identification of patients with poor SPPB may tailor specific interventions to improve physical performance and outcomes after pacemaker implantation.The trial was registered in clinicaltrial.gov with the identifier NCT02386124.