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1.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs ; 2024 Apr 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38563266

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Although previous research has established that students who perceive that their parents have lower drinking limits consume less alcohol, optimal approaches for effectively communicating these limits are less understood. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examined the effects of hypothetical limit-focused text messages on estimated drinking behavior. METHOD: Undergraduate college students (N=253) completed an online survey in which they were instructed to imagine a scenario where they were planning to go out at night to an event involving drinking. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition where they would receive one of four hypothetical text messages from their mother and/or father containing a range of drinking limits. They were then asked to report how much alcohol they would realistically consume on this night if they were and were not obligated to check in with their parent at the end of the night. RESULTS: Hypothetical text messages from mothers and fathers containing lower drinking limits resulted in lower estimated alcohol consumption. A drinking limit of zero resulted in the least amount of expected alcohol consumption but specifying 1-2 drinks as a limit might produce a similar effect if parents also required their student to check-in at the end of the night. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study provide initial support for future studies to investigate the effects of limit setting text messages sent from parents on college student drinking, as well as the effects of text messages sent from parents requiring that students check-in.

2.
J Prev (2022) ; 2024 Apr 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38678484

RESUMEN

Most alcohol intervention research focuses on program efficacy, yet few studies have investigated the acceptability of a program's design and implementation to the target population or adapting existing alcohol interventions to different populations. To address these gaps in the literature, we (1) examined participant responsiveness to and implementation quality of FITSTART+, a web-app delivered parent-based alcohol intervention designed for incoming first-year college students in the United States, and (2) gathered feedback on how this intervention could be adapted to other populations of parents. A sample of U.S. parents of 17-20-year-old first-year college students (N = 109) participated in FITSTART+ during their child's first year of college and completed a survey about parents' responsiveness to the app and its quality. Next, a sample of non-U.S. parents of adolescents aged 13 to 19 (N = 44) participated in one of 11 focus groups in which they briefly explored the app and then discussed how it could be adapted to be applicable and culturally relevant for them and their context. Results revealed that U.S. parents rated the intervention's quality as high and parents were responsive to the web-app's content, but some did not visit one of the most critical aspects of the intervention (i.e., alcohol-related parenting resources). Non-U.S. participants provided a range of suggestions for adapting the intervention to their context, which varied by culture. Results identify areas for improvement, particularly regarding the use of alcohol-related parenting resources, in this intervention and for web-delivered PBIs more broadly.

3.
J Am Coll Health ; : 1-13, 2024 Jan 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38227918

RESUMEN

Objective: This study evaluated FITSTART+, a parent-based intervention (PBI), for preventing risky drinking among first-year college students. Participants: Participants were traditional first-year students aged between 17 and 20. Method: In total, 391 eligible students completed a baseline survey and their parents were then invited to use the FITSTART+ PBI or Control web-applications. 266 students had a parent who created a profile in the app (FITSTART+ PBI, n = 134; FITSTART+ Control, n = 132). Additionally, 58 parents randomized to the FITSTART+ PBI did not complete the personalized normative feedback (PNF) component of the intervention. Results: No significant effect on drinking or related consequences was detected between Intervention and Control groups. However, exploratory analyses revealed that completing PNF in the FITSTART+ PBI condition was associated with a greater likelihood of remaining zero on consequences at follow-ups. Conclusion: The PNF component of the FITSTART+ PBI showed potential in preventing risky drinking, warranting further research.

4.
Life Sci Alliance ; 6(10)2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37536977

RESUMEN

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is essential for tissue patterning and organization. It involves both regulation of cell motility and alterations in the composition and organization of the ECM-a complex environment of proteoglycans and fibrous proteins essential for tissue homeostasis, signaling in response to chemical and biomechanical stimuli, and is often dysregulated under conditions such as cancer, fibrosis, and chronic wounds. Here, we demonstrate that basonuclin-2 (BNC2), a mesenchymal-expressed gene, that is, strongly associated with cancer and developmental defects across genome-wide association studies, is a novel regulator of ECM composition and degradation. We find that at endogenous levels, BNC2 controls the expression of specific collagens, matrix metalloproteases, and other matrisomal components in breast cancer cells, and in fibroblasts that are primarily responsible for the production and processing of the ECM within the tumour microenvironment. In so doing, BNC2 modulates the motile and invasive properties of cancers, which likely explains the association of high BNC2 expression with increasing cancer grade and poor patient prognosis.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Neoplasias , Humanos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo
5.
Inorg Chem ; 62(32): 13050-13057, 2023 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37527400

RESUMEN

Cation exchange reactions can modify the compositions of colloidal nanoparticles, providing easy access to compounds or nanoparticles that may not be accessible directly. The most common nanoparticle cation exchange reactions replace monovalent cations with divalent cations or vice versa, but some monovalent-to-monovalent exchanges have been reported. Here, we dissect the reaction of as-synthesized AgCuS nanocrystals with Au+ to form AgAuS, initially hypothesizing that Au+ could be selective for Cu+ (rather than for Ag+) based on a known Au+-for-Cu+ exchange and the stability of the targeted AgAuS product. Unexpectedly, we found this system and the putative cation exchange reaction to be much more complex than anticipated. First, the starting AgCuS nanoparticles, which match literature reports, are more accurately described as a hybrid of Ag and a variant of AgCuS that is structurally related to mckinstryite Ag5Cu3S4. Second, the initial reaction of Ag-AgCuS with Au+ results in a galvanic replacement to transform the Ag component to a AuyAg1-y alloy. Third, continued reaction with Au+ initiates cation exchange with Cu+ in AuyAg1-y-AgCuS to form AuyAg1-y-Ag3CuxAu1-xS2 and then AuyAg1-y-AgAuS, which is the final product. Crystal structure relationships among mckinstryite-type AgCuS, Ag3CuxAu1-xS2, and AgAuS help to rationalize the transformation pathway. These insights into the reaction of AgCuS with Au+ reveal the potential complexity of seemingly simple nanoparticle reactions and highlight the importance of thorough compositional, structural, and morphological characterization before, during, and after such reactions.

6.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs ; 84(6): 823-831, 2023 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37650836

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: We examined (a) whether changes in parent-student phone call and text messaging communication during the transition into college are associated with alcohol use and related consequences, and (b) whether pre-matriculation drinking patterns predicted these changes in parent-student communication. METHOD: First-year students (n = 246; M age [SD] = 17.91 [0.39] years; 61.8% female) participated in a longitudinal survey study as a part of a larger study. Before matriculation (Time 0), participants reported their drinking and whether they experienced alcohol consequences in the past 30 days. Approximately 1 month into their first semester (Time 1), participants reported if the frequency of their calling and texting their parents had decreased, remained the same, or increased since the start of college. Drinking and consequences were then reassessed 4 months later (Time 2). Analytic models evaluated (a) whether a decrease in calling and texting parents, as reported by students (compared with an increase or no change), predicted drinking outcomes, and (b) whether pre-college drinking (compared with nondrinking) predicted changes in communication. RESULTS: Changes in phone calls and texting with mothers and fathers during the first month of college predicted alcohol use and consequences into the second semester. In addition, heavy drinking predicted lower odds of texting frequency with mothers staying the same or increasing. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores that consistent call or text communication with students during their transition into college could serve as a protective factor against alcohol risk. By closely monitoring such communication, parents may be better equipped to identify potential signs of risky drinking behavior in their first-year students.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Masculino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Estudios Prospectivos , Universidades , Padres , Comunicación , Etanol , Estudiantes
7.
J Affect Disord Rep ; 132023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37576159

RESUMEN

Background: Depression is prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is associated with experiencing increased negative alcohol-related consequences; thus, it is imperative to identify malleable protective factors for alcohol risks in young adults experiencing elevated depressive symptoms. The current study longitudinally explored the effects of perceived parental alcohol-related discipline on the relationship between depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and negative drinking consequences during the transition into college. Methods: Incoming college students (N = 272, 63.2% female) completed web-based surveys before (July, T1) and after (October, T2) the transition into college and reported depressive symptoms, perceived alcohol-related discipline, alcohol use, and consequences of drinking experienced in the past 30 days. Results: The moderated mediation model revealed that at above average perceptions of alcohol-related discipline, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with alcohol use, which in turn was associated with experiencing fewer negative consequences of drinking. Limitations: The current study did not measure a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and therefore our results may differ among clinical populations. In addition, we did not measure other parenting constructs shown to protect students with elevated levels of depressive symptoms from experiencing consequences (i.e., monitoring). Conclusions: The present findings suggest perceptions of parental alcohol-related discipline measured here (e.g., having a privilege taken away, being scolded or grounded) can be protective against alcohol risks among college students experiencing above average depressive symptoms. Parent-based alcohol interventions administered prior to matriculation should encourage parents of depressed students to clearly communicate consequences for drinking to their child.

8.
J Mol Endocrinol ; 70(3)2023 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36629385

RESUMEN

The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic ecosystem of stromal and immune cells that, under the influence of cancer cells, govern biochemical signaling, mechanical signaling via production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), formation of vascular networks, and ultimately promotion of tumor growth. In breast cancer, hormone receptor-mediated signaling is a key coordinator of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness not only through cell-autonomous means but also via cancer cell-stroma cross-talk. In the absence of hormone receptors, a different microenvironment landscape emerges, which comes with its own challenges for therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the associations of hormone receptor profiles with composition of the microenvironment, how hormones directly influence stromal cells, immune cells and cells associated with the vasculature, and the paracrine mechanisms that lead to the formation of a tumor-promoting ECM.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Microambiente Tumoral/fisiología , Ecosistema , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Matriz Extracelular/patología , Hormonas
9.
J Am Chem Soc ; 145(2): 1423-1432, 2023 Jan 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36602413

RESUMEN

The high temperatures typically required to synthesize refractory compounds preclude the formation of high-energy morphological features, including nanoscopic pores that are beneficial for applications, such as catalysis, that require higher surface areas. Here, we demonstrate a low-temperature multistep pathway to engineer mesoporosity into a catalytic refractory material. Mesoporous molybdenum boride, α-MoB, forms through the controlled thermal decomposition of nanolaminate-containing sheets of the metastable MAB (metal-aluminum-boron) phase Mo2AlB2 and amorphous alumina. Upon heating, the Mo2AlB2 layers of the Mo2AlB2-AlOx nanolaminate, which is derived from MoAlB, begin to bridge and decompose, forming inclusions of alumina in a framework of α-MoB. The alumina can be dissolved in aqueous sodium hydroxide in an autoclave, forming α-MoB with empty and accessible pores. Statistical analysis of the morphologies and dimensions of the pores reveals a correlation with grain size, which relates to the pathway by which the alumina inclusions form. The transformation of Mo2AlB2 to α-MoB is topotactic due to crystal structure relationships, resulting in a high density of stacking faults that can be modeled to account for the observed experimental diffraction data. Porosity was validated by comparing surface areas and demonstrating catalytic viability for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

10.
J Am Coll Health ; 71(3): 749-757, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34670108

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the burgeoning youth practice of possessing a fake, secondary Instagram account known as a "Finsta" in relation to exposure to alcohol-related content and college drinking. PARTICIPANTS: First-year university students with at least a primary Instagram account (N = 296) completed online surveys. METHOD: Surveys assessed whether participants did or did not have a Finsta pre-matriculation (T1), Instagram alcohol content exposure one month into college (T2), and alcohol use at T1 and near the end of the first year (T3). RESULTS: Moderated mediation analysis revealed that having a Finsta at T1 was associated with greater exposure to alcohol-related posts at T2 and, for male but not female students, predicted heavier drinking at T3. CONCLUSION: Findings are consistent with previous results suggesting that males may be more behaviorally impacted by peers' depictions of alcohol use on social media. This carries implications for social media-based intervention efforts targeting first-year students.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Estudiantes , Universidades , Grupo Paritario , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología
11.
Addict Behav ; 136: 107472, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36067637

RESUMEN

Previous research has shown a reliable association between social media (SM) use and drinking among college students. However, most studies have investigated SM behaviors (e.g., time spent on a platform, posting frequency) in isolation and on a single site. While some have studied multiple SM behaviors across platforms using person-centered approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis [LPA]), these studies have failed to take alcohol-related SM behaviors into account. This longitudinal study addressed this gap in the literature by using LPA to identify subpopulations of SM users during the college transition (N = 319; 62.1% female) using general (frequency of checking, time spent on, and frequency of posting to Instagram/Facebook/Snapchat; Finstagram ownership) and alcohol-related SM behaviors (posting alcohol, partying, and marijuana content). LPA results revealed three SM user profiles at baseline: low general use with low alcohol-related posting (LGU + LAP), high general use with low alcohol-related posting (HGU + LAP), and high general use with high alcohol-related posting (HGU + HAP). Prospective analyses revealed that HGU + HAP membership was associated with greater descriptive peer drinking norms, alcohol use, and consequences relative to HGU + LAP and LGU + LAP membership. Results suggest that there are distinct patterns of general and alcohol-related SM use during the college transition associated with risky drinking that can inform interventions combating SM-related alcohol risks. These findings illustrate the importance of investigating SM use holistically and suggests studying alcohol-related SM behaviors may reveal differences in individuals' alcohol risk that general SM behaviors might not capture.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Universidades
12.
Addict Behav ; 137: 107502, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36191366

RESUMEN

While adolescents and underage emerging adults typically obtain alcohol from social sources (e.g., parents, friends, parties), taking alcohol from the home without permission is not well understood. The current study investigated plausible individual characteristics associated with taking alcohol from one's parents' home without permission and associations between taking alcohol and drinking, alcohol consequences, and marijuana use. Two cohorts of alcohol-experienced underage emerging adults (N = 562) completed a web-based survey pre-college matriculation. Participants reported sources of alcohol (friend, mother, father, party, took it from home); drinking; consequences; marijuana use (ever and past 30 days); age of alcohol initiation; symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; parental modeling of drinking; and demographic information. Results revealed that taking alcohol was significantly associated with several of the measures examined here (e.g., having obtained alcohol from friends, parents, and parties; earlier age of alcohol initiation; parental modeling of alcohol). Having taken alcohol from the home without permission and obtained it from friends were uniquely associated with increased odds of typical weekly drinking, consequences, and marijuana use in the past 30 days when controlling for all other variables assessed in this study (including drinking, in the consequences and marijuana models). Parent-based interventions targeting adolescents and emerging adults should inform parents of the risks associated with taking alcohol from the home and obtaining it from friends. Further, parents should also be informed that supplying their adolescent with alcohol or modeling drinking may increase the likelihood that they take alcohol from their home.


Asunto(s)
Fumar Marihuana , Uso de la Marihuana , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Uso de la Marihuana/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Amigos , Factores de Riesgo
13.
Neurol India ; 70(Supplement): S269-S275, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36412380

RESUMEN

Background: Autonomic dysfunction, commonly seen in patients with cervical myelopathy, may lead to a decrease in blood pressure intraoperatively. Objective: The aim of our study is to determine if changes in Heart rate variability (HRV) could predict hypotension after induction of anesthesia in patients with cervical myelopathy undergoing spine surgery. Methods and Material: In this prospective observational study, 47 patients with cervical myelopathy were included. Five-minute resting ECG (5 lead) was recorded preoperatively and HRV of very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) spectra were calculated using frequency domain analysis. Incidence of hypotension (MAP <80 mmHg, lasting >5 min) and the number of interventions (40 mcg of phenylephrine or 5 mg of ephedrine) required to treat the hypotension during the period from induction to surgical incision were recorded. HRV indices were compared between the hypotension group and the stable group. Results: The incidence of hypotension after induction was 74.4% (35/47) and the median (IQR) interventions needed to treat hypotension was 2 (0.5-6). Patients who experienced hypotension had lower HF power and higher LF-HF ratios. A LF/HF >2.5 indicated postinduction hypotension likely. There was a correlation between increasing LF-HF ratio and the number of interventions that needs to maintain the MAP above 80 mmHg. Conclusion: HF power was lower and LF-HF ratio was higher in patients with cervical myelopathy who developed postinduction hypotension. Hence, preoperative HRV analysis can be useful to identify patients with cervical myelopathy who are at risk of post-induction hypotension.


Asunto(s)
Anestesia , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Hipotensión , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal , Humanos , Anestesia/efectos adversos , Anestesia/métodos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Hipotensión/diagnóstico , Hipotensión/etiología , Hipotensión/fisiopatología , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/cirugía , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología
14.
ACS Mater Au ; 2(6): 690-698, 2022 Nov 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36397875

RESUMEN

Partial cation exchange reactions provide a synthetic pathway for rationally constructing heterostructured nanoparticles that incorporate different materials at precise locations. Multiple sequential partial cation exchange reactions can produce libraries of exceptionally complex heterostructured nanoparticles, but the first partial exchange reaction is responsible for defining the intraparticle frameworks that persist throughout and help to direct subsequent exchanges. Here, we studied the partial cation exchange behavior of spherical nanoparticles of roxbyite copper sulfide, Cu1.8S, with substoichiometric amounts of Zn2+. We observed the formation of ZnS-Cu1.8S-ZnS sandwich spheres, which are already well known in this system, as well as ZnS-Cu1.8S Janus spheres and Cu1.8S-ZnS-Cu1.8S central band spheres, which have not been observed previously as significant subpopulations of samples. Aliquots taken during the formation of the heterostructured nanoparticles suggest that substoichiometric amounts of Zn2+ limit the number of sites per particle where exchange initiates and/or propagates, thereby helping to define intraparticle frameworks that are different from those observed using excess amounts of exchanging cations. We applied these insights from mixed-population samples to the higher-yield synthesis of ZnS-Cu1.8S Janus spheres, as well as the higher-order derivatives ZnS-(CdS-Cu1.8S), ZnS-(CdS-ZnS), and ZnS-(CdS-CoS), which have unique features relative to previously reported analogues. These results demonstrate how the diversity of intraparticle frameworks in spherical nanoparticles can be expanded to produce a broader range of downstream heterostructured products.

15.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(42): e2121105119, 2022 10 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36215474

RESUMEN

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.


Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , Primates , Américas , Animales , Cercopithecidae , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Madagascar , Mamíferos , Árboles
16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36011479

RESUMEN

Public health researchers are increasingly interested in the potential relationships between social media (SM) use, well-being, and health behavior among adolescents. However, most research has assessed daily SM time via self-report survey questions, despite a lack of clarity around the accuracy of such reports given the current tendency of youth to access SM on multiple electronic devices and cycle between multiple SM platforms on a daily basis (i.e., platform swinging). The current study investigates the potential for systematic reporting biases to skew findings. Three hundred and twenty incoming college students downloaded software on their computers, tablets, and smartphones to track their active use of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat over a 2-week surveillance period and then self-reported their average daily minutes on each platform immediately after. Larger proportions of students over-estimated than under-estimated their use, with the largest overestimations found on the most heavily used platforms. Females logged significantly more SM time and were less accurate in reporting than were males and, independently, the likelihood of substantial inaccuracies in reporting total SM time and time on most individual platforms increased with each additional SM platform participants reported using. Findings demonstrate that self-reported estimates of SM time among adolescents in the age of SM platform swinging are prone to substantial error and may lead to biased conclusions about relationships between variables. Alternative measurement approaches are suggested to improve the validity of future research in this area.


Asunto(s)
Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Adolescente , Salud del Adolescente , Sesgo , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Autoinforme
17.
Addict Behav ; 135: 107453, 2022 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35939964

RESUMEN

Stigma-related stress and inflated perceptions of substance use norms are positioned in the literature as theoretically distinct explanations for disproportionate substance use among sexual minorities. As research has yet to examine how these variables may interact in an intervention context, this study examined the impact of recent experiences with violence and harassment due to sexual minority status (i.e., interpersonal stigma exposure) on the effectiveness of a culturally adapted personalized normative feedback intervention for lesbian, bisexual, and queer (LBQ) women. A sub-sample of 499 moderate-to-heavy drinking LBQ women were randomized to receive personalized normative feedback (PNF) on alcohol use or control topics within a broader digital competition designed to challenge negative LBQ stereotypes. At baseline, recent interpersonal stigma exposure strengthened the relationship between perceived LBQ alcohol-related norms and participants' own alcohol-related behaviors (i.e., consumption and consequences). At follow-up, 3 months later, recent interpersonal stigma exposure moderated the effectiveness of alcohol PNF with substantially less drinking and consequences among participants in the treatment condition reporting recent violence or harassment due to sexual minority status, relative to those reporting no such experiences. Underscoring the utility of PNF for LBQ women and potentially other heavy drinking stigmatized populations, findings suggest that a greater tendency to conform to over-estimated ingroup drinking norms may be another way in which minority status-based violence and harassment contributes to alcohol consumption in stigmatized populations.


Asunto(s)
Homosexualidad Femenina , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/terapia , Bisexualidad , Retroalimentación , Femenino , Humanos
18.
Subst Use Misuse ; 57(8): 1287-1293, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35621304

RESUMEN

Background: The purpose of this study was to address a dearth in the literature on non-response bias in parent-based interventions (PBIs) by investigating parenting constructs that might be associated with whether a parent volunteers to participate in a no-incentive college drinking PBI. Method: Incoming first-year students (N = 386) completed an online questionnaire that included items assessing plausible predictors of participation in a PBI (students' drinking, perceptions of parents' harm-reduction and zero-tolerance alcohol communication, whether parents allowed alcohol, and changes in parents' alcohol rules). Four months later, all parents of first-year students at the study university were invited to join the PBI, which was described as a resource guide to teach them how to help their student navigate the college transition and prepare them for life at their university. Results: Parents who signed up for the intervention used greater harm-reduction communication than those who did not sign up, were more likely to have allowed alcohol use, and signing up was significantly associated with student reports that fathers became less strict toward drinking after high school. Students' drinking and zero-tolerance communication did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: Results indicate that non-response bias can be an issue when utilizing a real-world, non-RCT recruitment approach to invite parents into a PBI (i.e., non-incentivized, inviting all parents). Findings suggest that more comprehensive recruitment strategies may be required to increase parent diversity in PBIs.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Escolaridad , Humanos , Estudiantes , Universidades
19.
Adv Sci (Weinh) ; 9(21): e2103332, 2022 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35611998

RESUMEN

To fully investigate cellular responses to stimuli and perturbations within tissues, it is essential to replicate the complex molecular interactions within the local microenvironment of cellular niches. Here, the authors introduce Alginate-based tissue engineering (ALTEN), a biomimetic tissue platform that allows ex vivo analysis of explanted tissue biopsies. This method preserves the original characteristics of the source tissue's cellular milieu, allowing multiple and diverse cell types to be maintained over an extended period of time. As a result, ALTEN enables rapid and faithful characterization of perturbations across specific cell types within a tissue. Importantly, using single-cell genomics, this approach provides integrated cellular responses at the resolution of individual cells. ALTEN is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular responses upon exposure to cytotoxic agents and immunomodulators. Additionally, ALTEN's scalability using automated microfluidic devices for tissue encapsulation and subsequent transport, to enable centralized high-throughput analysis of samples gathered by large-scale multicenter studies, is shown.


Asunto(s)
Dispositivos Laboratorio en un Chip , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Alginatos , Biomimética , Comunicación Celular , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos
20.
J Med Internet Res ; 24(5): e34853, 2022 05 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35559854

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sexual minority women disproportionately engage in heavy drinking and shoulder the burden of alcohol dependence. Although several intensive interventions are being developed to meet the needs of treatment-seeking sexual minority women, there remains a lack of preventive interventions to reduce drinking and its consequences among women not yet motivated to reduce their alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the feasibility and efficacy of reducing alcohol-related risks via personalized normative feedback (PNF) on alcohol use and coping delivered within LezParlay, a social media-inspired digital competition designed to challenge negative stereotypes about lesbian, bisexual, and queer (LBQ)-identified sexual minority women. METHODS: Feasibility was assessed by examining engagement with LezParlay outside the context of an incentivized research study, assessing the characteristics of the LBQ women taking part, and examining the competition's ability to derive risk-reducing actual norms as well as levels of acceptability and perceived benefits reported by participants. Intervention efficacy was examined by randomizing a subsample of 499 LBQ alcohol consumers (ie, drinkers) already taking part in the competition to receive sexual identity-specific PNF on alcohol use and coping, alcohol use only, or control topics over only 2 rounds of play. Changes in alcohol use and negative consequences were examined 2 and 4 months after the delivery of treatment PNF. RESULTS: A total of 2667 diverse LBQ women played ≥1 round of LezParlay. The competition attracted large numbers of moderate and heavy drinkers; however, risk-reducing actual norms could still be derived from competition rounds and featured in PNF. Efficacy results revealed that drinkers who received PNF on alcohol use and both alcohol use and coping had similar reductions in their weekly drinks (P=.003; P<.001), peak drinks (P<.001; P<.001), and negative consequences (P<.001; P<.001) relative to those who received PNF on control topics at the 2-month follow-up. However, at the 4-month follow-up, reductions in alcohol consumption outcomes faded among those who received alcohol PNF only (weekly: P=.06; peak: P=.11), whereas they remained relatively robust among those who received PNF on both alcohol use and coping (weekly: P=.02; peak: P=.03). Finally, participants found the competition highly acceptable and psychologically beneficial as a whole. CONCLUSIONS: The LezParlay competition was found to be a feasible and efficacious means of reducing alcohol-related risks in this population. Our findings demonstrate the utility of correcting sexual identity-specific drinking and coping norms to reduce alcohol-related risks among LBQ women and suggest that this approach may also prove fruitful in other stigmatized health disparity populations. To engage these populations in the real world and expand the psychological benefits associated with PNF, our findings also point to packaging PNF within a broader, culturally tailored competition designed to challenge negative group stereotypes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03884478; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03884478. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/24647.


Asunto(s)
Aplicaciones Móviles , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/terapia , Estudios de Factibilidad , Retroalimentación , Retroalimentación Psicológica , Femenino , Humanos
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