The Monetary Losses Associated with Hydatidosis in Slaughtered Ruminants in Turkey.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that negatively affects human and animal health and causes economic losses due to slaughter condemnation and risk to public health in developing countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Hydatidosis among slaughtered livestock in different regions of Turkey and calculate the financial losses associated with the zoonosis. For this purpose, livestock slaughter records from the livestock information system in 2020 were considered and direct and indirect economic losses were estimated. The study determined the prevalence of hydatidosis in small ruminants (0.03%) and cattle (0.0124%) and an average of 0.007% of the total number of livestock slaughtered during the period under study were infected with hydatid cysts. The direct and indirect economic losses were estimated at $98.558 and $466.891, respectively. The total monetary loss due to Hydatidosis in Turkey in the year 2020 was estimated at $565.448. In conclusion, significant monetary losses due to Hydatidosis in slaughtered livestock is still an important economic issue to livestock traders in Turkey.

Relationship between toxicity of cryoprotectants, osmotic and oxidative stresses in awassi ram sperm.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the toxicity of cryoprotectants and their osmotic and/or oxidative stresses remains to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the toxic effects of different cryoprotectants and osmotic stress on Awassi ram sperm and to determine the relationship between oxidative and antioxidative status of the sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pooled sperm samples were exposed to sucrose solutions of different concentrations (75 to 900 mOsm) and isosmotic condition (290-325 mOsm) was re-established by adding HEPES buffered Tyrode's lactate. Sperm samples were mixed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M of glycerol, methanol, 2-methoxyethanol, dimethylacetamide or 1,2-propanediol for 5 min and returned to isosmotic condition. Sperm samples were exposed to cryoprotectants at 4 degree C for 2 hours and isosmotic conditions were re-established. Motility, viability, acrosome integrity and oxidative or antioxidative parameters were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with hypo- or hyperosmotic sucrose solution reduced motility and viability without affecting acrosome integrity. The addition and removal of glycerol and dimethylacetamide (1.0 or 1.5 M) decreased sperm motility, while cryoprotectants had no effect on viability except for 1.5 M glycerol. Chilling significantly reduced the motility and viability of the sperm, but not the acrosome integrity. Rapid addition or removal of cryoprotectants also did not affect the acrosome integrity. Cryoprotectants changed only the ceruloplasmin level, while there were significant post-chilling differences in lipid hydroperoxide, paraoxonase and ceruloplasmin levels. CONCLUSION: Cryoprotectants without other additives have limited protection and glycerol can be toxic to spermatozoa. The oxidative stress plays a role in cryoprotectant toxicity and chilling stress. doi.org/10.54680/fr22210110612.

Impacts of Specific Cryoprotectants on Sperm Freezing and Relationships Between Cryodamage and Oxidation Stress Parameters in Awassi Ram Sperm.

BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress during cryoprotectant treatment has received little attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of different cryoprotectants and discover relationships between cryodamage and oxidative stress parameters on Awassi ram sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sperm samples diluted with Salamon's tris-citrate (TRIS) containing 20% centrifuged egg yolk and 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 M Glycerol (Gly), methanol (M), 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), dimethylacetamide (DMA) and 1.2 propanediol (PR). After 2 h of equilibration at +4 ºC, the sperm samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour and stored. RESULTS: The best post-thaw motility (43.3%, 41.7%) of sperm was achieved when protected with 0.5 and 1.0 M glycerol. Arylesterase and ceruloplasmin parameters were significantly different after equilibration, whereas sulfhydryl groups were significantly different after freezing in their respective groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The increased use of glycerol caused greater loss of motility. The role of oxidative stress in freezing was also found to be limited.

Effects of long-term heat stress and dietary restriction on the expression of genes of steroidogenic pathway and small heat-shock proteins in rat testicular tissue.

The aim was to investigate the effects of long-term heat stress and dietary restriction on the expression of certain genes involving in steroidogenic pathway and small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) in rat testis. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were equally divided into four groups. Group I and II were kept at an ambient temperature of 22°C, while Groups III and IV were reared at 38°C for 9 weeks. Feed was freely available for Group I and Group III, while Group II and Group IV were fed 60% of the diet consumed by their ad libitum counterparts. At the end of 9 weeks, testicles were collected under euthanasia. Total RNA was isolated from testis tissue samples. Expression profiles of the genes encoding androgen-binding protein, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, androgen receptor, luteinising hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cyclooxygenase-2 and sHSP genes were assessed at mRNA levels using qPCR. Long-term heat stress decreased the expression of StAR and HspB10 genes while dietary restriction upregulated StAR gene expression. The results suggested that long-term heat stress negatively affected the expression of StAR and HspB10 genes and the dietary restriction was able to reverse negative effect of heat stress on the expression of StAR gene in rat testis.

Isolation of DNA from embryo and chorio-allantoic membranes and sexing by PCR in Japanese quail.

1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of genomic DNA isolated from embryos and their chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) and to investigate the utility of different PCR methods for identifying the sex of Japanese quail embryos. 2. Fertilised eggs were incubated at 37°C for 120 h and DNA was isolated from samples of embryos and CAM. Target regions of the CHD-W gene or XhoI repeat sequence were amplified by PCR and examined on agarose gels or by using a capillary electrophoresis system. 3. DNA samples from embryos had significantly higher OD260 values than those from CAM, while OD260/280 values were not significantly different between embryos and CAM. 4. Gender identification was not possible by PCR amplification of the CHD gene region or XhoI repeat sequences examined on agarose gels, whereas males and females of Japanese quail were distinguishable when PCR products of the CHD gene were separated by capillary electrophoresis. 5. The results showed that high molecular weight DNA could be isolated from both embryo and CAM of Japanese quail. DNA isolated from CAM could be used for molecular genetic studies where embryos would be used for other purposes, such as in situ hybridisation. A capillary electrophoresis system could be used for identifying the gender of Japanese quail embryos.