RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: A proof of principle study was conducted for microscopic tissue volume reconstructions using a new image processing chain operating on alternately stained large histological serial sections. METHODS: Digital histological images were obtained from conventional brightfield transmitted light microscopy. A powerful nonparametric nonlinear optical flow-based registration approach was used. In order to apply a simple but computationally feasible sum-of-squared-differences similarity measure even in case of differing histological stainings, a new consistent tissue segmentation procedure was placed upstream. RESULTS: Two reconstructions from uterine cervix carcinoma specimen were accomplished, one alternately stained with p16(INK4a) (surrogate tumor marker) and H&E (routine reference), and another with three different alternate stainings, H&E, p16(INK4a), and CD3 (a T-lymphocyte marker). For both cases, due to our segmentation-based reference-free nonlinear registration procedure, resulting tissue reconstructions exhibit utmost smooth image-to-image transitions without impairing warpings. CONCLUSIONS: Our combination of modern nonparametric nonlinear registration and consistent tissue segmentation has turned out to provide a superior tissue reconstruction quality.
Asunto(s)
Cuello del Útero/patología , Biología Computacional , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Cuello del Útero/anatomía & histología , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Técnicas Histológicas , Humanos , Modelos Estadísticos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Linfocitos T , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Different patterns of invasion (representing different grades of tumor cell dissociation) are associated with prognostic outcome in cancer. We evaluated the prognostic value of different patterns of invasion (PI) in cervical carcinomas (CX). METHODS: Six hundred eleven surgically treated CX (FIGO IB to IIB) were re-evaluated histologically regarding the PI, using a three-level scoring system. Closed PI was defined as cohesive growth with well-delineated (pushing) borders. In finger-like PI the tumor grows in solid cords/trabecles. Highly dissociative growth in small groups or single cells was defined as spray-like PI. Types of PI were correlated to tumor stage, histo-morphologic factors and prognostic outcome. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the tumors showed a spray-like PI, 30% a finger-like PI and only 7.4% were of the closed type. Spray-like PI showed a significant correlation with advanced stage disease, lymphovascular space involvement, poorly differentiated tumors and pelvic lymph node metastases. Spray-like PI was accompanied by a reduced 5-year overall survival when compared to the finger-like and closed PI (68.7% vs. 80.9% vs. 88.5%; P=0.0004). The prognostic impact of the PI disappeared in node-positive patients (P=0.06) but persisted in patients without pelvic lymph node disease (P=0.03). In multivariate analysis, using COX regression model, the PI represented as independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Spray-like PI (i.e., highest degree of tumor cell dissociation) is associated with advanced tumor stages, increased rate of recurrency and a reduced overall survival. In separate analysis of patients with and without lymph node metastases, the impact of PI persisted only in node-negative cases as a prognostic factor.
Asunto(s)
Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Adulto , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pelvis/patología , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/cirugíaRESUMEN
AIM: Achieving a high quality gynaecological ultrasound examination requires thorough knowledge of topographic anatomy. To date, there are no guidelines for a standardised course of the examination. The goal of the study was to define exact planes by means of cross-sectional anatomy and then to standardise the gynaecological ultrasound examination with the transabdominal, introital and transvaginal technique. METHOD: We developed a software tool based on IDL (Interactive Data Language) for the female data set of the Visible Human Project which generates free determinable planes in the volume. The organs of the female pelvis were divided into landmark- and target structures according to the ultrasonic visibility and the variability of the position, shape and structure. From this, a course for the gynaecological ultrasound examination was created and verified on 65 patients each with an inconspicuous ultrasound finding. In addition, the average duration of the examination was determined. RESULTS: The landmark structures could be demonstrated in all patients. Five planes were defined for each technique, and the course of the whole examination with 15 exact planes was described. The average duration of the examination was 4.5 minutes. CONCLUSION: As of now, the digitally reconstructed anatomical illustrations have achieved the best image resolution and quality regardless of the position of the plane in the examination volume. The standardised course of the gynaecological ultrasound examination can serve as a basis for the improvement of training quality and the evaluation of a general gynaecological ultrasound screening.
Asunto(s)
Huesos Pélvicos/anatomía & histología , Huesos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Ilion/anatomía & histología , Ilion/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Púbico/anatomía & histología , Hueso Púbico/diagnóstico por imagen , Programas Informáticos , Ultrasonografía , Proyectos Humanos VisiblesRESUMEN
1. Four glucuronic acid conjugates of licochalcone A (Lica), and their metabolites, have been synthesized using rabbit and pig liver microsomes and purified by preparative hplc. 2. The glucuronides were identified as E-Lica 4'-O-beta-glucuronide, E and Z-Lica 4-O-beta-glucuronide and a mono-glucuronide conjugate of a beta-hydroxylated Lica metabolite. The metabolites were identified by hplc-nmr (one and two-dimensional nmr) as well as hplc-ms. 3. At pH 8.5 Lica reacted with N-acetyl-L-cysteine giving the two epimeric conjugates, which were then isolated by preparative hplc and identified by one and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopic methods. 4. Only two glucuronic acid conjugates (E- and Z-Lica 4-O-beta-glucuronide) were found in the urine of rat after i.p. administration of a single dose of Lica.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/metabolismo , Antiprotozoarios/metabolismo , Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Glucuronatos/metabolismo , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/análisis , Acetilcisteína/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiprotozoarios/análisis , Antiprotozoarios/aislamiento & purificación , Chalcona/análisis , Chalcona/aislamiento & purificación , Chalcona/metabolismo , Chalconas , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Depuradores de Radicales Libres , Glucuronatos/análisis , Glucuronatos/aislamiento & purificación , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Conejos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Porcinos/metabolismoRESUMEN
This paper presents the application of directly coupled capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (capillary HPLC) and proton high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for structural elucidation of a so-far unknown kitol isomer. One- and two-dimensional continuous- and stopped-flow NMR spectra were recorded in a 180 µm i.d. capillary, corresponding to a detection volume of only 200 nL. Unequivocal structural assignment on the basis of 1D and 2D stopped-flow capillary HPLC-NMR experiments was performed. The kitol isomer mixture was present in a sample of thermally isomerized retinyl acetate and separated on a capillary column.