Studies on Neotropical crickets: Crinklyalis n. gen., a new cricket genus (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae: Paragryllinae) from the foothills of theColombian Andes.

A new genus of small phalangopsids (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) from the foothills of the Colombian Andes is described. Crinklyalis n. gen. is distinguished from the other genera of the subtribe Strogulomorphina (Paragryllini) by the modification in the mesal region of the tegmina, apparently an acoustic chamber; reduction of wing venation; male genitalia tubular, elongated and mostly membranous, with only the distal section sclerotized. Additionally, the key for the identification of the genera of the subtribe was updated, and the morphology of the new genus was discussed, as well as distributional gaps that currently exist for the Strogulomorphina taxa.

Studies on Raspy Crickets: Astyloplatum n. gen. a new gryllacrid genus from Colombian Andes (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae).

Astyloplatum luteolum n. gen. et n. sp., is described, as a new monospecific genus from the eastern slope of the Colombian Andes, of the middle and highlands of the departments of Boyacá and Santander. This new taxon is distinguished by its yellowish coloration and the lack of articulated stylli on the male subgenital plate; this character converges with several taxa unrelated to the tribe Gryllacridini in which Astyloplatum n. gen. is placed. The convergence of characters in gryllacridines, diversity, complement of the current classification, and the importance of the phallic complex for the delimitation of genera and species are discussed.

Are the recently described fossil Mole Crickets of Myanmar amber real gryllotalpids? (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae & Gryllidae).

We report five new Myanmar amber specimens attributable to "Mole Cricket" †Pherodactylus rectanguli n. comb., hitherto regarded as a Mole Cricket (Orthoptera: Grylloptalpidae). The new material includes two adult males, two adult females, and one nymph. The specimens are redescribed, and additional new characters are provided for their delimitation and corresponding species identification. We carry out a comparison between these new specimens with other taxa of mole crickets from Myanmar amber and extant true crickets. The result indicates that some species merely represent different nymphal development stages or adults of †Pherodactylus rectanguli n. comb., however, they were misidentified as different species. We also treated genera †Tresdigitus n. syn. and †Chunxiania n. syn. as synonyms of genus †Pherodactylus Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, and treat †Tresdigitus gracilis Jiang, Xu, Jarzembowski & Xiao, 2022 n. syn. and †Chunxiania fania n. syn. as synonyms of †Pherodactylus rectanguli n. comb. †Burmagryllotalpa longa is valid, because its shape of the pronotum curved without lateral carinae. The morphological convergences and specializations of subterranean dwelling species are discussed. The robust fore tibia and long apical spurs of †P. micromorphus, †P. rectanguli n. comb. and †B. longa are insufficient evidence for an assignment to the family Gryllotalpidae. Instead, we suggest place them into the subfamily Gryllinae (Gryllidae), tribe Sclerogryllini, and group them into their own subtribe Pherodactylina n. subtr.. A key to the identification of recent and fossil Sclerogryllini is also provided. Their taxonomy and morphology are discussed.

Studies on Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: A new, short-winged Platyphyllini genus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from a High Andean Forest in Colombia.

By combining different research disciplines, biologists can understand natural processes in a broader way. Here, we combine both taxonomic and bioacoustic methodologies to provide the first observations of the morphology, geographical distribution, and the acoustic behavior of the monotypic genus Andeophylloides n. gen. This katydid is the second short-winged genus of the tribe Platyphyllini, after Brachyplatyphylloides, both of which are found in the Colombian Andes. This new genus is unique, because it is the first to be collected in a High Andean Forest, in contrast to the other members of the tribe that have been found predominantly at lower elevations. The sound recordings showed males calling with an echeme duration in average of 5.9 ± 3.1 s, a peak frequency of 22.5 kHz, and peak activity starting at 19:00 and decreasing until 05:00. These calls occur mainly in the months of the first rainy season of the year (March to May). Andeophylloides zarauzensis n. sp., is the sixth species of platyphyllines which calling song is known. Additionally, we discuss the taxonomy, bioacoustics, and differentiate the species with Dasyscelidius atrifrons (Pleminiini). This is required as the females are superficially similar and both species share the same geographical distribution.

Studies on Neotropical crickets: The continental Otteiini taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae), those cave crickets are not confined to the West Indies.

The tribe Otteiini is a group of cave crickets, that were believed only to inhabit the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Cayman Islands, and Hispaniola). However, when reviewing and studying similar cave crickets in Mexico, their relationship was proven with island taxa, expanding their distribution to the continental area, from the Yucatan Peninsula to the Gulf and Northeast of Mexico. Herein, the genus Paracophus is divided, and three additional genera are described: Hubbellcophus n. gen., Venegascophus n. gen. and Hortacophus n. gen. Also, two additional species for Paracophus are described (P. victoriensis n. sp. and P. velazquezi n. sp.). Diagnoses for all genera and dichotomous keys for genera and species are provided. Finally, the taxonomic relationships between the insular and continental taxa of the tribe are discussed, and the different taxonomic placements they had over time, with some genera located in Phalangopsinae and Luzarinae (Phalangopsidae) and Pentacentrinae (Gryllidae).

Studies on Neotropical crickets: A new Anurogryllina genus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae).

Andeogryllus n. gen. including two new species from the inter-Andean slopes and valleys of the Magdalena and Cauca rivers of Colombia are described. This new genus is similar to Zebragryllus in their habitus, differed by not have white stripes on the body or antennae and by a modified pseudoepiphallic sclerite. The genus Atsigryllus (Atsigryllae group) is located in the subtribe Anurogryllina, highlighting the secondary reduction of the median lobe. An updated key is provided for the genera of the subtribe Anurogryllina and the species of the new genus.

Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae).

In this contribution to the American Field and Short-tail crickets, two new species from the continental and insular area of Colombia are described. Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) edithsantosum n. sp. from the Meta department, is more related to some Caribbean species, and its genital structure fits the morphological current definition of the subgenus Urogryllus, although it has pseudepiphallic median lophi covered with hairs, as it happens in the species of the subgenus Pilosogryllus. The same way, Gryllus (Gryllus) providiensis n. sp. from Providencia Island, San Andres Archipelago is described, this new species has thick hairs on the pronotum as Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (widely distributed in America), as well as the color pattern of the cephalic capsule; but the new species is smaller in size, and has a particular organization in the harp veins of the tegmina, which only resembles Gryllus (Gryllus) marchena from the Galapagos Archipelago (Ecuador), from which it differs markedly in its morphology. Finally, the status of the Gryllus species, distributed in Latin America and the Caribbean, is reviewed, and it is recorded which species have acoustic records, and from here we start with the review of this peculiar genus in Latin America.

Studies on Raspy Crickets: A new Andean Hyperbaenini genus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Hyperbaeninae).

Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is the first Andean genus for the tribe Hyperbaenini, the other genera such as Hyperbaenus and Dibelona inhabit the low and humid lands of South America. The new genus is distinguished by the structure of the male terminalia and the apex of the labial and maxillary palps, which are unusually naked or without the cuticle, that covers the other body segments. Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is a monotypic genus, found in the surroundings of the Zapatoca municipality, Santander, Colombia, a territory inhabited in the past by the Guane indigenous people, for which the new species Mikrohyperbaenus guane n. gen. et n. sp. is dedicated to that particular Pre-columbian indigenous people.

Review of the status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Lophotettiginae) and description of a new species.

The status of the genus Phelene stat. resurr., previously synonymized under Chiriquia is revalidated. The genus is redescribed and Phelene turgida stat. rev. a lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for this species. Tetrix laticeps is proposed as nomen dubium and its described a new additional species Phelene maroon n. sp. The diagnosis of the subfamily is adjusted with the characters of the new taxa included and an updated key of genera and species is provided.

Batrachideinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae): an overview of the most diverse tetrigids of the Neotropical region.

The Batrachideinae subfamily is a well-defined and taxonomically stable taxon, with a pantropical distribution and an important representation in the Neotropical region. In this study, the characters and distributions of the genera and species are discussed based on a morphological analysis and a key to genera of the American Batrachideinae is also provided. New synonymies are established: Tettigidea Scudder, 1862 = Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 syn. nov.; Batrachidea mucronata (Saint-Fargeau Serville, 1825) = Tettigidea granulosa Bruner, 1913 syn. nov.; Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) = Batrachidea brevis (Hancock, 1909) syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea nicaraguae Bruner, 1895 syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea annulipes Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea corrugata Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea multicostata Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea costalis Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea hancocki Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea intermedia Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea subatera Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea scudderi Bolívar, 1887 = Tettigidea steinbachi Bruner, 1920 syn. nov. Three species are transferred from the genus Tettigidea to the genus Paxilla Bolívar, 1887: Paxilla mexicana (Hancock, 1915) comb. nov., Paxilla tecta (Morse, 1900) comb. nov., Paxilla nigra (Morse, 1900) comb. nov.; Tettigidea unicornis (Gorochov, 2012) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 to Tettigidea, and Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. from Tettigidea to Batrachidea Serville, 1838. Five new species groups (lateralis, armata, cuspidata, paratecta and scudderi) are recognized in the genus Tettigidea. Neotype of Tettigidea lateralis lateralis is designated. Keys to the Batrachideinae genera and species of the most diverse American genera (Tettigidea and Paxilla) are also provided.

Studies in Neotropical Pseudophyllinae: A new genus of Cocconotini from the Colombian Andes and new subfamily assignment of the Dominican genus Anacaona (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Cocconotini).

Acuscercus eudaldoleondiazi n. gen et n. sp. from the Eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes is described, a typical long-winged member of the tribe Cocconotini, distinguished by peculiar morphology of male cerci. On the other hand, the Dominican genus Anacaona is moved from Cocconotini to the tribe Copiphorini (Conocephalinae). The status and tribal boundaries of Cocconotini and Eucocconotini are briefly discussed.

Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae), including new species and biological information.

We describe four new Glaphyrosoma species: G. brevivaginalis n. sp., G. huasteca n. sp., G. paragracile n. sp. and G. unumtympana n. sp. We redescribe and provide new distributional data for G. gracile, G. mexicanum and G. stephanosoltis. The subfamily status to tribe Glaphyrosomatini is proposed and a key to identify the genera is provided. The key to Glaphyrosoma species is updated to include the species here described. Finally, we present karyotype data and drumming information for selected species.

A new unusual Anabropsis species from Mexico, with notes on the identity of A. rehni Griffini from Africa (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae).

Anabropsis homerogomezi n. sp. from the state of Michoacán, Mexico, is described in memory of Homero Gómez, the defender of the monarch butterfly who disappeared in Mexico and whose work "affected the interests" of illegal loggers. Pteranabropsis rehni (Griffini, 1909) n. comb. the only Anabropsis species reported for Africa, is proposed as a new combination, restricting the distribution of Anabropsis to the New World. Finally, the taxonomic debates and organization of the subfamily Anabropsinae and the peculiarities of the new species are discussed in contrast to the other Anabropsis species.

Studies in Colombian Ensifera and adjacent countries: New taxa of smallest field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae).

Atsigryllus sikuani n. gen et n. sp. and Perugryllus ranoredium n. sp., tiny field crickets from the Orinoquian and Colombian Amazon respectively, are described. The diversity and distribution of field crickets for Colombia is discussed.

Studies in Colombian Ensifera and adjacent countries: Gigagryllus, a new genus of giant field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) with comments on current Neotropical Gryllinae classification.

Gigagryllus omayrae n. gen et n. sp., a new genus of giant field cricket, from the middle Magdalena of Colombia, more precisely from the department of Tolima, in the region of the Armero tragedy, for which this species is dedicated to the memory of Omayra Sanchez, a symbol of the most terrible natural tragedy that has occurred in the recent history of Colombia. Gigagryllus n. gen. is one of the largest genera in America, with a size similar to Titanogryllus, Megalogryllus and some species of Gryllita. The classification of the American Gryllinae is discussed, and a key to the American genera is provided. Besides, genera groups are proposed for the subtribe Brachytrupine (Gryllini) taxa, which differs from Old World genera. Geogryllus n. syn. and Rubrogryllus n. syn. are synonymized under Gryllita and Cophogryllus americanus is considered as nomen dubium, ruling out the presence of subtribe Cophogryllina in America.

A new genus of chevron cricket (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Colombian and Venezuelan Amazon Rainforest.

Tintiyakus gen. nov., is described based on specimens from the Amazon region, including three species: Tintiyakus piaroa n. comb. (transferred from Hydrolutus Issa Jaffe), Tintiyakus sexangulus sp. nov. (type-species pres. desig.) and Tintiyakus trewicki sp. nov. After Hydrolutos, this is the second anostostomatid genus described to be known from its semiaquatic behaviors, inhabiting the lowlands of the Amazon rainforest. An identification key for species based on males is provided.

Studies on raspy crickets: New Triaenogryllacris species (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae).

The genus Triaenogryllacris is redescribed and a key for identification of the species is provided. When dealing with observations of iNaturalist, accurate data about the distribution of T. triaena (the type species) are obtained, and three color forms are indicated: yellow, pink and green. Two new species are described here: T. diaena n. sp. and T. horaciotrianai n. sp., expanding the expected geographic distribution for the genus, thus recorded, from the Andean forests of Ecuador and Colombia's three mountain ranges. Finally, the characters and distribution of Triaenogryllacris are discussed, contrasting with the other taxa described for the family Gryllacrididae.

Studies of Raspy Crickets: Magnumtergalis n. gen. a new gryllacrid genus with elongate male terminalia (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from Colombia.

Magnumtergalis n. gen. a new genus from the Inter-Andean Valleys and midlands of the Colombian Andes' central cordillera is described. Two very peculiar species are placed within this genus, M. aldarioarenasi n. sp. (type species) and M. albonigra n. comb. An unusual terminalia to the family Gryllacrididae characterizes this genus, in which the ninth tergite is noticeably prolonged, covering the other structures of the male terminalia. This is the first genus of leaf-rolling crickets described from the Neotropics in the last 80 years.

Review of Lophotettix, the sole member of the subfamily Lophotettiginae Hancock, 1909 (Insecta: Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae).

Lophotettiginae is a small, peculiar taxon of the Neotropical region, characterized mainly by median carina compresso-cristated or leaf-like crest, antennae flattened laterally and expanding from the base to the apex (incrassate shape). This subfamily has only one genus known as Lophotettix Hancock, 1909 that comprises five species. Here, we reviewed the types of the five known species, highlighting morphological aspects that distinguish the species from each other and from other tetrigids. Additionally, we also provide a pictorial identification key to Lophotettix species. Our results indicated that Lophotettiginae is a well-defined taxon and there are no synonyms among its species.

Systematics and biogeography of the genus Scaria Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Batrachideinae).

The Amazon rainforest is the world's most extensive tropical rainforest, holding a considerable ecological and taxonomic diversity. Speciation in this region arises from multiple factors, such as topography, climate fluctuations, oceanic transgression, vegetation and the delimitation of zones circumscribed by sub-basins within the greater Amazon basin. Different scenarios have been proposed to better understand the diversification of Amazonian taxa, whether by Pleistocene refugia or by areas of endemism.                The genus Scaria is distributed mostly in Amazonia, with a single species that ranges from the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena ecoregion well into Central America all the way to southern Nicaragua. Eight species are currently recognized, with three additional described here as new: Scaria rafaeli sp. nov., S. jonasi sp. nov. and S. granti sp. nov., and the status of S. laeta stat. resurr. is revalidated. Two new combinations are established: S. verutum comb. nov. (formerly placed in Rehnidium Grant, 1956) and Batrachidea brevis comb. nov. (formerly placed in Scaria). New synonym is proposed: Batrachidea brevis (Hancock, 1909) = Batrachidea inermis Hebard, 1923 syn. nov. Lectotypes and paralectotypes were selected for S. laeta, S. maculata and S. lineata, as well as the neotypes for S. hamata and S. boliviana. An updated key to species of Scaria is also provided.                A cladistic analysis for 15 species was performed (12 in the inner group and 3 in the outer group) with 40 morphological characters, confirming the monophyly of Scaria. A biogeographical analysis of dispersion-vicariance indicates that the origin of the genus was probably in the Inambari endemism center as the only reconstruction of the resulting ancestral distribution, five dispersions and three vicariance events being postulated. These suggest that both types of events are equally important in the current configuration of the distribution in Scaria. Vicariance events arise mostly by isolation of the species because of the uplift of the Andes and the dispersion events comprise four waves originating from the ancestral range into central and east Amazonia.