Urinary Creatinine Concentrations and Its Explanatory Variables in General Chinese Population: Implications for Creatinine Limits and Creatinine Adjustment.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization's exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine (Ucr) in the general Chinese population, and to identify Ucr related factors. Methods: We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program. Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration. Results: The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L, respectively. And 9.36% samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L, including 7.83% below the lower limit and 1.53% above the upper limit. Middle age, male, obesity, smoking, higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr. Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index, inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides level, and glomerular filtration rate, and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine. Conclusion: The age- and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended. To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations, the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.

[Case-control study on the relationship between varicella vaccine inoculation and varicella morbidity].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse and find out the influence of varicella vaccine inoculation to varicella morbidity. METHODS: The case-control study was conducted. During October 1st 2006 to July 31st 2007, 193 varicella cases were identified, and 342 control subjects were matched. RESULTS: 1. The proportion of nonvaccinated in case group was higher than that of control group (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 0.99-2.24, P=0.043). 2. The morbidity to the people who received one dose varicella vaccine was obviously higher than that of people who reiceived more than 2 dose (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.25-7.72, P=0.007). 3. Significant differences were not observed between the domestic vaccine and the impoted vaccine (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.53-3.71 P=0.483). 4. Clinical symptom of the vaccine was lighter than that of the unvaccinated, and rash was not typical. CONCLUSION: 1. Inoculation varicella vaccine was effective measures to prevent varicella. 2. The risk to get varicella of one-dose vaccinated was higher than that of more than 2-dose vaccinated. 3. The effectiveness of domestic varicella vaccine was as high as impoted vaccine. 4. The clinical symptom of varicella would be alleviated if the person had vaccinated.