[Trends in the characteristics of patients treated with nutritional supplements in the Northern Area of Gran Canaria in the period 2016 -2021]. / Tendencias en las características de los pacientes tratados con suplementos nutricionales en el Área Norte de Gran Canaria en el periodo 2016 -2021.

AIM: assess the prescription of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in the Northern Area of Gran Canaria in the period 2016-2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: based on electronic prescription data, the first ONS prescription during 2016-2021 was analyzed considering age, gender, nutritional requirements (NR), body mass index (BMI), percentage of weight loss (%WL), albumin and number of prescribed ONS per patient. RESULTS: 10,595 prescriptions were identified corresponding to 6661 patients with the following characteristics: 46.3 % men, mean age 72.84 ± 15.93 years, BMI 20.60 ± 3.98 kg/m2, %WL 11.89 ± 8.32 %; albumin 3.08 ± 0.63 g/dl. The most frequent etiologies of DRE were: neoplasms 42.6 %; degenerative processes of the CNS 28.9 %; stroke 3.9 %; short intestine 6.9 %, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 5.5 %. The percentages of NR covered by the prescribed ONS were: 100 % in 8.9 % of cases, 50 % in 36.9 %, and 25 % in 54.2 %; 40.4 % of patients received 1 unit of ONS daily, 36.3 % took 2 units of ONS, and 23 % received > 3 units of ONS per day. Greater NR were associated with a greater number of ONS (p < 0.001), but 40.8 % of patients who needed to cover > 50 % of NR received only one unit of ONS. CONCLUSION: a significant percentage of patients with DRM do not receive a number of ONS according to their NR.

Clinical, Functional, and Nutritional Efficacy of a Glutamine-Enriched Oligomeric Diet in Patients with Rectal Cancer.

AIMS: This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation with a glutamine-enriched oligomeric diet (GEOD) compared to a standard polymeric diet (SPD) in terms of oncology treatment-related diarrhea (OTRD) (frequency and consistency of stools), gastrointestinal toxicity, and functional and nutritional progress. METHODS: This prospective cohort study compared two groups of patients with rectal cancer in treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy who were at risk of malnutrition. Patients were randomized to receive either 400 ml of GEOD or of SPD from the start of radiotherapy to 30 days after its completion. RESULTS: Eighty patients were recruited, 40 per arm. The GEOD arm had improved stool consistency and a greater reduction in the number of stools compared to the SPD arm (p < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of developing diarrhea in the GEOD arm was 0.059 (95% CI 0.015-0.229). There was a reduced risk of developing intestinal mucositis in the GEOD arm compared to the SPD arm [RR 0.202 (95% CI 0.102 - 0.399)]. The GEOD arm had greater improvements in functional and nutritional status (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GEOD had a protective effect in terms of the development of gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment in patients with rectal cancer.

[Organoleptic evaluation of a diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplement with extra virgin olive oil in patients at nutritional risk and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Double-blind, randomized, crossover and multicenter clinical trial (DIACARE)]. / Evaluación sensorial de un suplemento nutricional oral específico para diabetes con aceite de oliva virgen extra en pacientes en riesgo nutricional y diabetes mellitus tipo 2: ensayo clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, cruzado y multicéntrico (DIACARE.

Introduction: Introduction: oral nutritional supplements specific for diabetes (DSF) usually have a composition that favors their palatability and simultaneous glycemic and metabolic control. Objetive: to compare the sensory acceptability of a DSF with respect to a standard oral nutritional supplement (STF) in patients at risk of malnutrition with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicenter, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Odor, taste and perceived texture of a DSF and a STD were evaluated using a scale of 1 to 4. Results: twenty-nine patients were recruited and 58 organoleptic evaluations of the supplements were registered. A better evaluation of DSF was observed with respect to STD, although no statistically significant differences were reached: odor, 0.04 (CI 95 %) -0.49 to 0.56 (p = 0.092); taste, 0.14 (CI 95 %), -0.35 to 0.63 (p = 0.561); texture, 0.14 (CI 95 %), -0.43 to 0.72 (p = 0.619). No differences were found when analyzed by order of randomization, sex, degree of malnutrition, greater or lesser degree of complexity, greater or lesser time of evolution of diabetes, or by being older or younger. Conclusions: the specific nutritional supplement for diabetic patients formulated with extra virgin olive oil, EPA and DHA, a specific mixture of carbohydrates, and fiber, presented an adequate sensory acceptance by malnourished patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introducción: Introducción: las fórmulas nutricionales específicas para diabetes (FED) suelen presentar una composición que favorece simultáneamente su palatabilidad y el control glucémico y metabólico. Objetivo: comparar la aceptación sensorial de un FED respecto a un suplemento nutricional oral estándar (FE) en pacientes en riesgo de desnutrición con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, doble ciego, cruzado, multicéntrico y controlado. Se evaluó, a través de una escala del 1 al 4, el olor, el sabor y la textura percibida de un FED y de un FE. Resultados: se reclutaron a 29 pacientes y 58 evaluaciones sensoriales de los suplementos. Se observó una mejor valoración de la FED respecto a la FE, aunque no se alcanzaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas: olor, 0,04 (IC 95 %), de -0,49 a 0,56 (p = 0,092); sabor, 0,14 (IC 95 %), de -0,35 a 0,63 (p = 0,561); textura, 0,14, (IC 95 %), de -0,43 a 0,72 (p = 0,619). No se encontraron diferencias cuando se analizaron por orden de aleatorización, sexo, grado de desnutrición, mayor o menor grado de complejidad, mayor o menor tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, ni por ser más o menos mayores. Conclusiones: el suplemento nutricional específico para paciente con diabetes, formulado con aceite de oliva virgen extra, EPA y DHA, una mezcla específica en hidratos de carbono, fibra soluble e insoluble, presentó una adecuada aceptación sensorial del paciente desnutrido con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Glycaemic and insulinaemic impact of a diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplement with extra-virgin olive oil in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at nutritional risk: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicentre clinical trial (DIACARE).

Introduction: Introduction: there is controversy about the usefulness of specific enteral nutrition formulas in malnourished patients with diabetes. The effects on blood glucose and other aspects of metabolic control are not fully understood in the scientific literature. Objective: the aim of the study was to compare the glycaemic and insulinaemic response of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition after oral feed between a diabetes-specific formula with AOVE (DSF) and a standard one (STF). Methods: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicentre clinical trial was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition (SGA). The patients were randomized to receive either DSF or STF, a week apart. A glycaemia and insulinaemia curve was made at times 0 minutes, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, and 180 min after the patients drank 200 ml of the oral nutritional supplement (ONS). The principal variables were the area under the curve (AUC0-t) of glucose and insulin. Results: 29 patients (51 % women) were included, who were on average 68.84 (SD 11.37) years old. Regarding the degree of malnutrition, 86.2 % presented moderate malnutrition (B) and 13.8 % severe (C). When the patients received the DSF, they had a lower mean of glucose AUC0-t (-3,325.34 mg/min/dl [95 % CI: -4,3608.34 to -2,290.07]; p = 0.016) and also a lower mean of insulin AUC0-t (-451.14 uU/min/ml [95 % CI: -875,10 to -27.17]; p = 0.038). There were no differences in the degree of malnutrition. Conclusion: compared with STF, DSF with AOVE showed a better glycaemic and insulinaemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition.

Introducción: Introducción: la utilidad de las fórmulas específicas de nutrición enteral en el paciente desnutrido con diabetes resulta controvertida. Sus efectos sobre la glucosa en sangre y otros aspectos del control metabólico no se conocen del todo en la literatura científica. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue comparar la respuesta glucémica e insulinémica de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) en riesgo de desnutrición tras la ingesta oral de una fórmula específica para diabetes (DSF) con aceite de oliva virgen extra (AOVE) y una estándar (STF). Métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, cruzado y multicéntrico enpacientes con DM2 en riesgo de desnutrición (SGA). Los pacientes se asignaron aleatoriamente para recibir DSF o STF con una semana de diferencia. Se realizó una curva de glucemia e insulinemia en los siguientes tiempos: 0 minutos, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min y 180 min tras la ingesta de 200 ml del suplemento nutricional oral (SNO). Las variables principales fueron el área bajo la curva (AUC0-t) de glucosa e insulina. Resultados: se incluyeron 29 pacientes (51 % mujeres), con una edad media de 68,84 años (DE 11,37). En cuanto al grado de desnutrición, el 86,2 % presentaba desnutrición moderada (B) y el 13,8 %, severa (C). Cuando los pacientes recibieron DSF tuvieron una media más baja de AUC0-t de glucosa (-3325,34 mg/min/dl [IC 95 %: de -4.3608,34 a -2.290,07]; p = 0,016) y también una media más baja de AUC0-t de insulina (-451,14 uU/min/ml [IC 95 %: de -875,10 a -27,17]; p = 0,038) respecto a cuando recibieron STF. No hubo diferencias por el grado de desnutrición. Conclusión: la fórmula con AOVE específica para diabetes mostró una mejor respuesta glucémica e insulinémica en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en riesgo de desnutrición respecto a una fórmula estándar.

Effect on Body Composition of a Meal-Replacement Progression Diet in Patients 1 Month after Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Progression diets after bariatric surgery (BS) are restricted in calories and protein, and they may induce a worsening of body composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a modified diet with an oral nutritional supplement that is hyperproteic and normocaloric over the body composition. METHODS: A two-arm ambispective observational cohort study was designed. Forty-four patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in the study. Thirty patients received a progression diet with a normocaloric, hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement during the first two weeks after surgery (820 kcal, 65.5 g protein). They were compared with a historical cohort of 14 patients treated with a standard progression diet (220 kcal, 11.5 g protein). Anthropometric and body composition (using electrical bioimpedanciometry) data were analyzed before BS and 1 month after the surgery. RESULTS: The mean age was 47.35(10.22) years; 75% were women, and the average presurgical body mass index (BMI) was 45.98(6.13) kg/m2, with no differences between both arms of intervention. One month after surgery, no differences in the percentage of excess weight loss (%PEWL) were observed between patients in the high-protein-diet group (HP) and low-protein-diet group (LP) (HP: 21.86 (12.60)%; LP: 18.10 (13.49)%; p = 0.38). A lower loss of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was observed in the HP (HP: -5.70 (8.79)%; LP: -10.54 (6.29)%; p < 0.05) and fat-free mass index (HP: 3.86 (8.50)%; LP:-9.44 (5.75)%; p = 0.03), while a higher loss of fat mass was observed in the HP (HP: -14.22 (10.09)%; LP: -5.26 (11.08)%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing gastric sleeve surgery, the addition of a normocaloric, hyperproteic formula managed to slow down the loss of muscle mass and increase the loss of fat mass with no differences on total weight loss.

[Assessment of the risk of undernutrition in institutionalized patients under the degree of dependence]. / Valoración del riesgo de malnutrición en pacientes institucionalizados en función del grado de dependencia.

INTRODUCTION: Background: there is a high number of dependent older adults with risk of malnutrition in the institutionalized geriatric population. Among others, the related factors are weight loss inherent to age, which favors frailty and sarcopenia, low body mass index (BMI) and the worsening of chronic diseases, which entails a deterioration in the quality of life. Objective: to analyze the relationship between dependence and nutritional status in elderly institutionalized people. Method: prospective observational and descriptive study in a sample of elderly institutionalized people. Dependence was studied by the Barthel index, sex, BMI, presence of chronic diseases and nutritional status with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The association between the different variables was made with the Spearman correlation. Results: one hundred and sixty-four patients were included in the study; 45.10% (n = 74) of the patients had a total dependence and 18.30% (n = 30) had a moderate dependence. Women had a higher risk of total dependence than men (p < 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the level of dependence and nutritional status, so that greater dependence increased the risk of malnutrition (p < 0.0001). Patients who were underweight had a greater risk of total dependence (RR 11.05 [95% CI 4.41, 27.7]). Patients with dementia were more dependent (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: most of the institutionalized elderly people presented some degree of dependence, which supposed a risk for the nutritional status that was aggravated if they suffered dementia and low weight.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en la población geriátrica institucionalizada existe un elevado número de adultos mayores dependientes y en riesgo de malnutrición. Entre otros, los factores relacionados son la pérdida de peso inherente a la edad, que favorece la fragilidad y la sarcopenia, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) bajo y el empeoramiento de enfermedades crónicas, lo cual conlleva un deterioro en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre dependencia y estado nutricional en personas mayores que viven institucionalizadas. Método: estudio prospectivo observacional y descriptivo en una muestra de ancianos institucionalizados. Se valoraron la dependencia mediante el índice de Barthel, el género, el IMC, la presencia de enfermedades crónicas y el estado nutricional mediante el Mini Nutricional Assessment (MNA). La asociación entre las distintas variables se llevó a cabo mediante la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: ciento sesenta y cuatro pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Según el índice de Barthel, el 45,10% (n = 74) de los pacientes tenían una dependencia total y un 18,30% (n = 30), una dependencia moderada. Las mujeres tenían mayor riesgo de dependencia total que los hombres (p < 0,0001). Existió una relación significativa entre el nivel de dependencia y el estado nutricional: a mayor dependencia, mayor riesgo de desnutrición (p < 0,0001). Los residentes que tenían bajo peso tenían un riesgo mayor de sufrir dependencia total en un RR de 11,05 (IC 95% 4,41; 27,7). Los residentes que presentaban demencia tenían mayor dependencia (p < 0,0001). Conclusión: la mayoría de los ancianos institucionalizados presentaron algún grado de dependencia, lo que implicó un riesgo para el estado nutricional que se vio agravado si padecían demencia y bajo peso.

Impact of kitchen organization on oral intake of malnourished inpatients: A two-center study.

AIM: To determine the impact of the type of hospital kitchen on the dietary intake of patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional, two-centre study, of cooking in a traditional kitchen (TK) and in a chilled kitchen (CK). Subjective global assessment (SGA) was used for nutritional diagnosis. Before study start, a dietician performed a nutritional assessment of the menus of each hospital. All dishes were weighed upon arrival to the ward and at the end of the meal. RESULTS: 201 and 41 patients from the centres with TK and CK respectively were evaluated. Prevalence of malnutrition risk was 50.2% at the hospital with TK and 48.8% at the hospital with CK (p=0.328). Forty-eight and 56 dishes were nutritionally evaluated at the hospitals with TK and CK respectively. Intake analysis consisted of 1993 and 846 evaluations in the hospitals with TK and CK respectively. Median food consumption was 76.83% at the hospital with TK (IQR 45.76%) and 83.43% (IQR 40.49%) at the hospital with CK (p<0.001). Based on the prevalence of malnutrition, a higher protein and energy intake was seen in malnourished patients from the CK as compared to the TK hospital, but differences were not significant after adjustment for other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Cooking in a chilled kitchen, as compared to a traditional kitchen, may increase energy and protein intake in hospitalized patients, which is particularly beneficial for malnourished patients.

Efficacy of enteral nutritional support after hospital discharge in major gastrointestinal surgery patients: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional support for malnourished patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery reduces the complication rate and shortens the length of stay. The efficacy of nutritional support after hospital discharge was analyzed in this systematic review. METHODS: The search strategy (nutrition OR "enteral nutrition" OR "nutritional supplements" OR "oral nutritional supplements" OR "sip feed" OR "sip feeding" OR "dietary counseling") AND ("patient discharge" OR discharge OR postdischarge) AND (surgery OR operation OR "surgical procedure") was followed in Medline, CENTRAL, and Trip databases. Inclusion criteria comprised: type of study (randomized controlled trial), language (English, Spanish), and subjects (patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery). The risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane methodology. RESULTS: Five studies which were published in six different articles and recruited 446 patients were included. A high risk of bias was detected for most of them. Nutritional support improved energy intake and protein intake when high-protein oral supplements were provided. The intervention was associated with better weight prognosis, but the data about body composition were inconsistent. In most of the trials, nutritional intervention did not enhance functional capacity or quality of life. None of the studies analyzed the effects on complications after discharge. CONCLUSION: Nutritional support provided at discharge may increase dietary intake and improve body weight, but the low quality of studies can weaken the validity of results.

Recommended energy and nutrients intakes in the European Union: 2008-2016 / Ingestas de energía y nutrientes recomendadas en la Unión Europea: 2008-2016

The aim of this document is to refl ect the changes happened in the European Union legislation and the opinions of the European Food Safety Authority in relation to the nutritional labeling on food, the reference values for energy, macronutrients and micronutrients, and the tolerable upper safe levels. The European legislation in force uses the labeling reference values established by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2003. There would be advisable an update of them from the reference values for vitamins and minerals established by the European Food Safety Authority. Equally, there would be good to include reference labeling values for polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber and choline, and specific reference labeling values for children from 6 to 36 months. For vitamins and minerals there would be desirable the revision of tolerable upper safe levels and the establishment of maximum amounts allowed in fortified food and food supplements in the European Union; its absence might represent a risk in some population groups for an excessive and unsafe intake of certain minerals and vitamins.

Esta revisión tiene por objeto reflejar los cambios producidos en la legislación de la Unión Europea y los dictámenes de la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria en relación al etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos, a los valores de referencia de energía, macronutrientes y micronutrientes, y a los niveles máximos de ingesta tolerable. La vigente legislación europea utiliza los valores de referencia para el etiquetado establecidos por el Comité Científico de la Alimentación Humana en 2003. Sería aconsejable una actualización de los mismos a partir de los valores de referencia establecidos por dicha autoridad europea para vitaminas y minerales. Igualmente sería positiva la inclusión de valores de referencia para el etiquetado de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, fibra alimentaria y colina, y para el etiquetado específicamente referido a niños de 6 a 36 meses. Para vitaminas y minerales sería deseable una revisión de los niveles máximos de ingesta tolerable y el establecimiento de cantidades máximas permitidas en los alimentos enriquecidos y en los complementos alimenticios en la Unión Europea; su ausencia puede representar un peligro de ingesta excesiva e insegura de determinados minerales y vitaminas en algunos grupos de población.

Appetite disorders in cancer patients: Impact on nutritional status and quality of life.

Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition due to several symptoms such as lack of appetite. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different appetite disorders in cancer patients and their influence on dietary intake, nutritional status, and quality of life. We conducted a cross-sectional study of cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status was studied using Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, and grip strength. Dietary intake was evaluated with a 24-h recall, and patients were questioned about the presence of changes in appetite (none, anorexia, early satiety, or both). Quality of life was measured using EORTC-QLQ-C30. Multivariate analysis was performed using linear regression. 128 patients were evaluated. 61.7% experienced changes in appetite: 31% anorexia, 13.3% early satiety, and 17.2% both. Appetite disorders were more common in women and with the presence of cachexia. The combination of anorexia and satiety resulted in a lower weight and BMI. However, there were no significant effects on energy or macronutrient intake among different appetite alterations. Patients with a combination of anorexia and early satiety had worse overall health perception, role function, and fatigue. Appetite disorders are highly prevalent among cancer patients at risk of malnutrition. They have a significant impact on nutritional status and quality of life, especially when anorexia and early satiety are combined.

Comparison of two nutritional screening tools to detect nutritional risk in hematologic inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare two nutritional screening tools in oncohematologic inpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a hematology ward from August to December 2015. Within the first 24 h of admission, the following nutritional screenings were performed: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Patients who stayed in the hematologic ward were reevaluated with the three screening tools 1 and 2 wk after admission. The SGA was used as the gold standard in the detection of malnutrition. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. Of these, 61.9% were men, ages 64 y (SD = 17.9 y) with 90.5% having a diagnosis of cancer. The prevalence of patients with nutritional risk at admission was 17.5% with SGA, 16.7% at week 1, and 31.6% at week 2. According to MST, the prevalence was 41.3% at admission, 13.9% at week 1, and 15.8% at week 2. According to MUST, the prevalence was 36.5%, 25%, and 36.8%, respectively. The results of diagnostic tests on admission were an area under the curve receiver operating characteristic of 0.691 for MST and 0.830 for MUST at admission; at week 1, 0.717 for MST and 0.850 for MUST; and at week 2 of assessment, 0.506 for MST and 0.840 for MUST. CONCLUSION: MUST might be a better screening tool than MST for detecting the risk for malnutrition in oncohematological inpatients.

A comparative study between the implementation of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline in the management of osteoporosis in routine clinical practice. / Estudio comparativo de la aplicación de la calibración FRIDEX y de la guía NOGG en el manejo de la osteoporosis en la práctica clínica habitual.

OBJECTIVE: The recent FRIDEX calibration proposed cost-effectiveness thresholds for the Spanish population. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of its application in routine clinical practice and to compare its thresholds with those of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in women referred to a bone densitometry unit who were not receiving antiresorptive therapy. The absolute risk of major fracture or hip fracture was calculated with the Spanish and British formulas of the FRAX® tool using the intervention thresholds of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, respectively. RESULTS: The study included 607 women with a median age of 59.4 (IQR=14) years. Treatment was initiated in 31.4% after bone mineral densitometry. With the application of the FRIDEX calibration, bone mineral density testing would have been indicated in 35.4% of the sample and treatment in 26.7%, reducing costs by 18.8% over a 5-year period. The NOGG guideline would have recommended testing in 32% and treatment in 21.3% of the participants, resulting in a reduction in costs of 35% over 5years, when compared with the standard approach. Agreement between the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline, as defined by Cohen's kappa coefficient, was low in terms of both diagnostic (0.16 [95%CI, 0.09-0.24]) and therapeutic indications (0.39 [95%CI, 0.31-0.47]). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the FRIDEX calibration and the NOGG guideline improves efficiency in the management of osteoporosis, although the level of agreement between the two is low.

A short nutritional intervention in a cohort of hematological inpatients improves energy and protein intake and stabilizes nutritional status.

INTRODUCTION: Oncohematological diseases are associated with an important prevalence of malnutrition. AIM: Our aim is to determine if early recognition and treatment of malnourished hematological inpatients can improve their oral intake, nutritional status and reduce the length of hospital stay. METHODS: Prospective 2-year study conducted in a cohort of hematology inpatients. Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) was carried out on the first day of admission. Patients with a positive screening were recruited to have a complete nutritional evaluation and intervention, following usual clinical practice. Nutritional evaluation was repeated after one week. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventeen hematological patients were screened (37.8% with positive screening). After one week, median diet intake increased from 80% to 90% (p < 0.001), and an increase of 407.36 Kcal (SD 679.37) and 17.58 g of protein (SD 31.97) was also achieved. More patients reached their energy and protein requirements (41.6 vs.% 63.3%, p = 0.009) and nutritional parameters remained stable. A trend to a lower stay (3.5 to 4.5 days less) was detected in the groups of patients who covered their needs. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of early malnutrition screening and short nutritional interventions improved energy and protein intake, increasing the percentage of patients who meet their requirements and avoiding deterioration of nutritional status.

Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria en España durante 2015; informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA.

Objetivo: Comunicar los datos del registro de Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria (NPD) del grupo de trabajo NADYA-SENPE del años 2015.Material y métodos: Recopilación de los datos de NPD del registro "on-line" del grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria (NADYA) desde el 1 de enero de 2015 al 31 de diciembre de 2015.Resultados: Se registraron 236 pacientes, con 243 episodios de NPD procedentes de 40 hospitales. Lo que representa una tasa de 5,08 pacientes/millón de habitantes/ año 2015. La patología más frecuente en los adultos fue "otros" (26,3%) seguido por "oncológico paliativo" (21,6%).  La complicación más frecuente fue la séptica relacionada con el catéter que presentó una tasa de 0,53 infecciones/1000 días de NPD. Finalizaron 64 episodios, la principal causa fue el fallecimiento (43,7%) y el 'paso a la vía oral' (32,8%).Conclusiones: constatamos el aumento de los centros y profesionales colaboradores, dando respuesta a la cantidad progresivamente mayor de pacientes con soporte nutricional parenteral en domicilio. Se mantienen estables las principales indicaciones para el establecimiento de NPD y las causas de finalización del tratamiento.

[Not Available]. / Abordaje nutricional del enfermo oncohematológico. Best-practice en España.

Los datos del estudio PREDYCES® nos revelaron que en España la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) afecta a uno de cada cuatro pacientes hospitalizados. Esta cifra aumenta hasta el 36,8% en los pacientes hematológicos. Se calcula que un 20% de los pacientes oncológicos muere por complicaciones relacionadas con la DRE. Nuestro grupo se planteó en 2011 comenzar la implantación de un cribado nutricional en los servicios con mayor riesgo de DRE. La presente revisión trata de describir todo el proceso que hemos seguido para mejorar la situación nutricional en los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Hematología del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), mayoritariamente con diagnóstico de neoplasias hematológicas. En un primer estudio piloto, detectamos una alta prevalencia de desnutrición, que tendió a aumentar durante la hospitalización. Además, solo el 8,3% los enfermos valorados recibieron algún tipo de soporte nutricional y no se estaban cubriendo sus necesidades ni calóricas ni proteicas, lo que se asociaba a un peor pronóstico. Por este motivo, nos decidimos a implantar de manera sistemática un cribado y una intervención nutricional adecuada, que comenzó en 2011 y que ha recibido el reconocimiento como Buena Práctica del Sistema Nacional de Salud.

[Not Available]. / Cuestionario semicuantitativo para la valoración de la ingesta dietética del paciente hospitalizado: una herramienta sencilla para la práctica clínica.

Introducción: la cuantificación y registro de la ingesta alimentaria del paciente hospitalizado es clave dentro del plan de cuidado nutricional. Objetivo: evaluar la validez de un cuestionario semicuantitativo de valoración del consumo comparado con una técnica de registro de alimentos por observación y pesada de los platos incluidos en la dieta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Las técnicas de valoración del consumo que se compararon fueron un registro por doble pesada y un cuestionario semicuantitativo por observación de la ingesta de cinco categorías (todo [> 80%], casi todo [80-60%], la mitad [60-40%], casi nada [40-20%] o nada [< 20%]), ambas realizadas por un dietista-nutricionista. La comparación entre ambas herramientas fue realizada con el índice kappa con ponderación cuadrática e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: fueron realizadas un total de 1.980 valoraciones. Se observó con el cuestionario semicuantitativo que en el 50% de los casos se ingirió todo, en el 19% casi todo, en el 13% la mitad, en el 9% menos de la mitad y en el 9% nada. La mediana de la ingesta por doble pesada de alimentos fue de 76,8 (RIC 45,8)%. Se observó que existió un acuerdo satisfactorio entre la técnica de doble pesada y la valoración visual del consumo con un valor κ = 0,907 (IC 95% 0,894-0,925). Conclusión: la escala visual empleada en este estudio permite cuantificar la ingesta real del paciente de forma precisa y adecuada por personal cualificado.

[Not Available]. / Adecuación del código de dietas a las necesidades nutricionales del paciente hospitalizado.

Introducción: la dieta hospitalaria deberá aportar la suficiente cantidad de energía a partir de una adecuada distribución de macronutrientes. Objetivo: determinar la calidad nutricional de las dietas hospitalarias. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Se realizó una valoración nutricional de todas las dietas hospitalarias y una estimación de las necesidades energéticas y proteicas del paciente hospitalizado. Finalmente, se valoró la adecuación del diseño nutricional y dietético de las dietas actuales teniendo en cuenta las necesidades nutricionales del paciente. Se consideró: "Dieta energética y proteicamente completa" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba por encima del percentil 95 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en los pacientes del centro; "Dieta energética y proteicamente potencialmente completa" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba comprendido entre el percentil 75 y 95 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en el centro; "Dieta energética y proteicamente incompleta" si el aporte de energía y proteínas estaba por debajo del percentil 75 de las necesidades nutricionales detectadas en el centro. Resultados: fueron evaluadas nutricionalmente 54 dietas destinadas a pacientes adultos. Fueron valorados un total de 201 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 71,60 (RIC 21,40) años y el 51,25% fueron mujeres. Sus necesidades energéticas fueron 25,84 (DE 2,55) kcal/kg peso/ día o 1.753,54 (DE 232,51) kcal/día, el percentil 95 fue de 2.153,9 kcal/día y el percentil 75 fue 1.772,5 kcal/día. Las necesidades proteicasfueron 1,2 (DE 0,10) g/kg peso/día o 82,30 (DE 16,76) g/día, el percentil 95 fue 112,3 g/día y el 75 fue 91,8 g/día. El 25% de las dietas cubrían las necesidades energéticas de la población hospitalaria; una dieta cubría las necesidades proteicas. Conclusión: las dietas evaluadas no cubrían las necesidades nutricionales del paciente hospitalizado. La reestructuración actual logrará satisfacer sus necesidades nutricionales así como sus expectativas gastronómicas.

[Not Available]. / Impacto de una adecuada codificación de la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad en los índices hospitalarios.

Introducción: la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) afecta al menos a una cuarta parte de los pacientes hospitalizados, aumentando la morbimortalidad del paciente durante su hospitalización y al alta. Sin embargo, su repercusión en la actividad hospitalaria no está bien cuantificada. Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una adecuada codificación de la DRE y los procedimientos empleados para revertirla en el peso medio del hospital y otros índices hospitalarios. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo realizado en todos los pacientes subsidiarios de soporte nutricional artificial seguidos por la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética de la Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición (UNCyD-SEyN) del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León durante los años 2008 y 2013. Se realizó un informe de codificación nutricional del diagnóstico, el tratamiento nutricional y la vía de acceso según la CIE-9-MC. Se comparó el peso medio depurado del hospital, el índice de estancia media ajustada (IEMA), la casuística e índice de funcionamiento previo a la codificación nutricional y tras la misma. Resultados: el peso medio depurado del hospital se incrementó tras la codificación, tanto en 2008 (+ 4,1%) como en 2013 (+1,7%) y especialmente en aquellos servicios en los que se realiza cribado nutricional (Hematología, +10,5%). El IEMA se redujo por debajo de 1 (-5,7% y -0,2% en 2008 y 2013), indicando un mejor funcionamiento, y también disminuyó el índice funcional (-5,6% y -0,4% en 2008 y 2013), lo que supondría una mayor eficiencia. Conclusión: la correcta codificación del diagnóstico y el tratamiento nutricional del paciente con desnutrición aumenta el peso medio depurado de un hospital de tercer nivel, y mejora el IEMA y el índice de funcionamiento.

Objective Evaluation Tool for Texture-Modified Food (OET-TMF): Development of the Tool and Validation.

Texture-modified diets (TMDs) should fulfil nutritional goals, guarantee homogenous texture, and meet food safety regulations. The food industry has created texture-modified food (TMF) that meets the TMD requirements of quality and safety for inpatients. To design and develop a tool that allows the objective selection of foodstuffs for TMDs that ensures nutritional requirements and swallowing safety of inpatients in order to improve their quality of life, especially regarding their food satisfaction. An evaluation tool was designed to objectively determine the adequacy of food included in the TMD menus of a hospital. The "Objective Evaluation Tool for Texture-Modified Food" (OET-TMF) consists of seven items that evaluate the food's nutritional quality (energy and protein input), presence of allergens, texture and viscosity, cooking, storage type, useful life, and patient acceptance. The total score ranged from 0 to 64 and was divided into four categories: high quality, good quality, medium quality, and low quality. Studying four different commercial TMFs contributed to the validation of the tool. All the evaluated products scored between high and good regarding quality. There was a tendency (p = 0.077) towards higher consumption and a higher overall quality of the product obtained with the OET-TMF. The product that scored highest with the tool was the best accepted; the product with the lowest score had the highest rate of refusal. The OET-TMF allows for the objective discrimination of the quality of TMF. In addition, it shows a certain relationship between the observed and assessed quality intake.