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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a rare condition in childhood, with the exception of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). However, no classification exists from a pediatric gastroenterologist's perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients with a diagnosis of GOO between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified the patients according to GOO: presence of clinical findings accompanied by radiological and/or endoscopic findings; clinical status: intractable nonbilious postprandial vomiting alone or with abdominal pain, early satiety, weight loss, postprandial abdominal distension, and malnutrition; radiology: delayed gastric emptying and dilated stomach; endoscopy: nonbilious gastric contents after 6-8 hours of emptying and/or failed pyloric intubation; physical examination: visible gastric peristalsis. RESULTS: A total of 30 GOO patients (15 patients with IHPS, 1 patient with annular pancreas, 4 patients with gastric volvulus, 2 patients with duodenal atresia, 2 patients with antral web, 1 patient with late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (LHPS) had surgical treatment, and remaining 5 patients had medical treatment) were enrolled to the study. The median age was 8 months (range: 3 months-16 years), and 14 patients were female. Mitochondrial disorders, LHPS, metabolic disorders, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal system diseases were added to Sharma's GOO classification, and the classification has been expanded. CONCLUSION: This is the first and largest study of GOO in children. From the perspective of pediatric gastroenterology, new diseases will be addressed, and definitions will be highlighted with our classification for GOO in childhood.
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Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica , Estenosis Hipertrófica del Piloro , Humanos , Femenino , Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica/etiología , Obstrucción de la Salida Gástrica/clasificación , Lactante , Estenosis Hipertrófica del Piloro/complicaciones , Estenosis Hipertrófica del Piloro/fisiopatología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Vómitos/etiologíaRESUMEN
The development of solution-processable n-type molecular semiconductors that exhibit high electron mobility (µe ≥ 0.5 cm2/(V·s)) under ambient conditions, along with high current modulation (Ion/Ioff ≥ 106-107) and near-zero turn on voltage (Von) characteristics, has lagged behind that of other semiconductors in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Here, we report the design, synthesis, physicochemical and optoelectronic characterizations, and OFET performances of a library of solution-processable, low-LUMO (-4.20 eV) 2,2'-(2,8-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diylidene)dimalononitrile small molecules, ß,ß'-Cn-TIFDMTs, having varied alkyl chain lengths (n = 8, 12, 16). An intriguing correlation is identified between the solid-isotropic liquid transition enthalpies and the solubilities, indicating that cohesive energetics, which are tuned by alkyl chains, play a pivotal role in determining solubility. The semiconductors were spin-coated under ambient conditions on densely packed (grafting densities of 0.19-0.45 chains/nm2) ultrathin (â¼3.6-6.6 nm) polystyrene-brush surfaces. It is demonstrated that, on this polymer interlayer, thermally induced dispersive interactions occurring over a large number of methylene units between flexible alkyl chains (i.e., zipper effect) are critical to achieve a favorable thin-film crystallization with a proper microstructure and morphology for efficient charge transport. While C8 and C16 chains show a minimal zipper effect upon thermal annealing, C12 chains undergo an extended interdigitation involving â¼6 methylene units. This results in the formation of large crystallites having lamellar stacking ((100) coherence length â¼30 nm) in the out-of-plane direction and highly favorable in-plane π-interactions in a slipped-stacked arrangement. Uninterrupted microstructural integrity (i.e., no face-on (010)-oriented crystallites) was found to be critical to achieving high mobilities. The excellent crystallinity of the C12-substituted semiconductor thin film was also evident in the observed crystal lattice vibrations (phonons) at 58 cm-1 in low-frequency Raman scattering. Two-dimensional micrometer-sized (â¼1-3 µm), sharp-edged plate-like grains lying parallel with the substrate plane were observed. OFETs fabricated by the current small molecules showed excellent n-channel behavior in ambient with µe values reaching â¼0.9 cm2/(V·s), Ion/Ioff â¼ 107-108, and Von ≈ 0 V. Our study not only demonstrates one of the highest performing n-channel OFET devices reported under ambient conditions via solution processing but also elucidates significant relationships among chemical structures, molecular properties, self-assembly from solution into a thin film, and semiconducting thin-film properties. The design rationales presented herein may open up new avenues for the development of high-electron-mobility novel electron-deficient indenofluorene and short-axis substituted donor-acceptor π-architectures via alkyl chain engineering and interface engineering.
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Molecular engineering via functionalization has been a great tool to tune noncovalent intermolecular interactions. Herein, we demonstrate three-dimensional highly crystalline nanostructured D(C7CO)-BTBT films via carbonyl-functionalization of a fused thienoacene π-system, and strong Raman signal enhancements in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) are realized. The small molecule could be prepared on the gram scale with a facile synthesis-purification. In the engineered films, polar functionalization induces favorable out-of-plane crystal growth via zigzag motif of dipolar C = O···C = O interactions and hydrogen bonds, and strengthens π-interactions. A unique two-stage film growth behavior is identified with an edge-on-to-face-on molecular orientation transition driven by hydrophobicity. The analysis of the electronic structures and the ratio of the anti-Stokes/Stokes SERS signals suggests that the π-extended/stabilized LUMOs with varied crystalline face-on orientations provide the key properties in the chemical enhancement mechanism. A molecule-specific Raman signal enhancement is also demonstrated on a high-LUMO organic platform. Our results demonstrate a promising guidance towards realizing low-cost SERS-active semiconducting materials, increasing structural versatility of organic-SERS platforms, and advancing molecule-specific sensing via molecular engineering.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms that cause valproic acid (VPA)-induced liver damage and the therapeutic effect of Vitamin U (Vit U) on these mechanisms. Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: intact control animals, animals that received Vit U (50 mg/kg/day), animals given VPA (500 mg/kg/day), and animals given both VPA and Vit U. The rats in the Vit U + VPA group were administered Vit U by gavage an hour before VPA administration every day for 15 days. Liver tissues were evaluated through histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and Western blotting techniques. Administration of Vit U with VPA resulted in (i) prevention of histopathological changes caused by VPA; (ii) blockage of the decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities; prevention of the elevation in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) level; (iii) increased in the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), active caspase-3, and cytoplasmic cytochrome c; (iv) increase in cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) level and decrease in LC3B (II/I) ratio; (v) increase in the number of proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive hepatocytes. These findings show that Vit U prevents liver damage caused by VPA through increasing the antioxidant enzyme capacity and hepatocyte proliferation by triggering inflammation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that Vit U provides its protective effects against VPA-induced liver damage by stimulating homeostasis and regeneration.
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Enfermedad Hepática Crónica Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Vitamina U , Animales , Antioxidantes , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Femenino , Hepatocitos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/prevención & control , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Valproico/toxicidadRESUMEN
In anticancer therapy, the effectiveness of therapeutics is limited by mutations causing drug resistance. KRAS mutations are the only determinant for cetuximab resistance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, cetuximab treatment has not been fully successful in the majority of patients with wild-type (WT) KRAS. Therefore, it is important to determine new predictive mutations in CRC treatment. In the present study, the association between AKT1/ß-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations with the drug resistance to cetuximab and other chemotherapeutics used in the CRC treatment was investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis, transfection, western blotting and cell proliferation inhibition assay. Cetuximab resistance was higher in the presence of AKT1 E17K, E49K and L52R mutations, as well as CTNNB1 T41A, S45F and S33P mutations compared with that of respective WT proteins. AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations were also associated with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, SN-38 and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Furthermore, mutant cell viability in oxaliplatin treatment was more effectively inhibited compared with that of the other chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations may be used as an important predictive biomarker in CRC treatment.
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The development of solution-processable fluorescent small molecules with highly efficient deep-blue electroluminescence is of growing interest for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. However, high-performance deep-blue fluorescent emitters with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over 5% are still scarce in OLEDs. Herein, a novel highly soluble oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-based small molecule, 1,4-bis((2-cyanophenyl)ethynyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene (2EHO-CNPE), is designed, synthesized, and fully characterized as a wide band gap (2.98 eV) and highly fluorescent (ΦPL = 0.90 (solution) and 0.51 (solid-state)) deep-blue emitter. The new molecule is functionalized with cyano (-CN)/2-ethylhexyloxy (-OCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9) electron-withdrawing/-donating substituents, and ethynylene is used as a π-spacer to form an acceptor (A)-π-donor (D)-π-acceptor (A) molecular architecture with hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited states. Physicochemical and optoelectronic characterizations of the new emitter were performed in detail, and the single-crystal structure was determined. The new molecule adopts a nearly coplanar π-conjugated framework packed via intermolecular "C-H···π" and "C-H···N" hydrogen bonding interactions without any π-π stacking. The OLED device based on 2EHO-CNPE shows an EQEmax of 7.06% (EQE = 6.30% at 200 cd/m2) and a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 5.91 cd/A (CE = 5.34 cd/A at 200 cd/m2) with a deep-blue emission at CIE of (0.15, 0.09). The electroluminescence performances achieved here are among the highest reported to date for a solution-processed deep-blue fluorescent small molecule, and, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that a deep-blue OLED is reported based on the oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) π-framework. TDDFT calculations point to facile reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes in 2EHO-CNPE from high-lying triplet states to the first singlet excited state (T2/T3 â S1) (hot-exciton channels) that enable a high radiative exciton yield (ηr â¼ 69%) breaking the theoretical limit of 25% in conventional fluorescent OLEDs. These results demonstrate that properly designed fluorescent oligo(p-phenyleneethynylenes) can be a key player in high-performance deep-blue OLEDs.
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Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes light-induced photochemical reactions achieved by the application of red or near infrared lasers/LED light with low energy densities. This noninvasive and painless method has been used in some clinical areas but controversial outcomes demand a skeptical look for its promising and potential effects. In this detailed in vitro study, the osteoblast cells were irradiated with 635 and 809 nm diode lasers at energy densities of 0.5, 1, and 2 J/cm2. Cell viability, proliferation, bone formation, and osteoblast differentiation were evaluated by methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Alamar Blue assay, acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to test the expression of collagen type I, ALPL, and osteocalcin. The results indicate that studied energy doses have a transient effect (48 h after laser irradiation) on the osteoblast viability and proliferation. Similarly, laser irradiation did not appear to have any effect on ALP activity. These results were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of osteoblast markers. This study suggests that several irradiation parameters and variations in the methods should be clearly established in the laboratory before laser treatment becomes a postulated application for bone tissue regeneration in clinical level.
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Rayos Láser , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Osteoblastos/efectos de la radiación , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Calcificación Fisiológica/efectos de la radiación , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Coloración y EtiquetadoRESUMEN
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of water extract of Amaranthus lividus L. (A. lividus) (Amaranthaceae) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in kidneys of rats. For this purpose, male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with A. lividus (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) daily for 9 days and a single dose of CCl4 was applied intraperitoneally (50% in olive oil; 1.5 mL/kg b.w.) on the 10th day. All rats were killed 24 h after CCl4 administration, and kidneys were excised and used for determination of histopathological and biochemical parameters. CCl4 administration caused a remarkable increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity when compared to the control group. Pretreatment with A. lividus (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.) significantly prevented the elevation in LPO level and MPO activity as well as protected the decrease in CAT activity but did not alter other biochemical parameters. The protective effect of A. lividus was further evident through the decreased histological alterations in kidneys. In conclusion, this study has indicated that A. lividus possesses protective and antioxidant effects against CCl4-induced oxidative kidney damage.
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Amaranthus/química , Tetracloruro de Carbono/toxicidad , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, the antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz fruits were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothioazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of water, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts were determined for the measurement of the antioxidant activity. Quercetin and α-tocopherol were used as standard antioxidants. The inhibitory effect of the water extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was evaluated using the Ellman method and galantamine was used as a standard. Water extract had the highest total phenolic concentration and the strongest antioxidant activity followed by ethyl acetate and acetone extracts whereas methanol extract has the lowest phenolics and weakest antioxidant activity. Moreover, water extract showed moderate ability to inhibit AChE. It was concluded that fruits of S. torminalis have antioxidant and anti-AChE activities and that the plant might be a natural source of antioxidants and AChE inhibitors.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and probable toxic effects of Aloe vera (AV) in a rat peritonitis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO FIVE GROUPS: (1) Control group, (2) AV group, (3) peritonitis group (P), (4) peritonitis + AV group (P + AV), and (5) peritonitis + antibiotherapy group (P + Ab). Ultrafiltration (UF) rates were determined and colony and leukocyte counts were calculated in the dialysate. Glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels, and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were studied in blood. Glucose, interleukins (IL-1ß, IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied in dialysate and peritoneal tissue for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory effect. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were also investigated in peritoneal tissue. RESULTS: Aloe vera increased the UF rate and lowered leukocyte numbers in the peritonitis group. There was no significant difference in blood and dialysate glucose, BUN, creatinine levels and ALT activity among control and AV groups. AV decreased IL-1ß, IL-6 and PGE2 in peritonitis, showing good anti-inflammatory effect. AV showed antioxidant effect on the chosen antioxidant parameters Cu, Zn-SOD, MDA, and NO. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, AV might be used in peritonitis for its probable UF increasing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Peritonitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Aloe , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Carga Bacteriana , Soluciones para Diálisis/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Geles , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Recuento de Leucocitos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peritoneo/metabolismo , Peritonitis/metabolismo , Peritonitis/patología , Hojas de la Planta , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/metabolismo , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/patología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Between their broad spectrum of action, vanadium compounds are shown to have insulin mimetic/enhancing effects. Increasing evidence in experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and on the onset of diabetic complications. Thus, preventive therapy can alleviate the possible side effects of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the stomach tissue of diabetic rats. Male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control; control+vanadyl sulfate; diabetic; diabetic+vanadyl sulfate. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg body weight). Vanadyl sulfate (100 mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, stomach tissues were taken and homogenized to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in the stomach tissue. CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, GST, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were increased in diabetic rats when compared to normal rats. Vanadium treatment significantly reduced the elevated activities of GR, GPx, GST compared with the diabetic group whereas the decreases in CAT, SOD, CA, G6PD and LDH activities were insignificant. No significant change was seen for MPO activity between the groups. It was concluded that vanadium could be used for its ameliorative effect against oxidative stress in diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Vanadio/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Ratas , Estómago/enzimología , Compuestos de Vanadio/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Identification of risk factors for osteoporosis has been essential for understanding the development of osteoporosis. The collagen type I alpha1 (COL1A1) gene is suggested to be implicated in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis. In the present study, the investigation of the effects of Sp1 polymorphic variants of COL1A1 gene on BMD values, and the determination of the association between COL1A1 Sp1 gene variants and osteoporosis risk factors in the context of gene-environment interaction in Turkish postmenopausal women were aimed. For the detection of COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism, PCR-RFLP techniques have been used. BMD for lumbar spine (L1-L4) and hip (femoral neck and total hip) was measured by DXA. This study was carried out using a sample of 254 postmenopausal women. We observed a trend decrease in BMD values in the subjects with "ss" genotype having lower BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip than those with "SS" and "Ss" genotype, however the differences did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). We also found that the frequencies of the BMD under mean values at the femoral neck (57.5%) and total hip (76.2%) increased considerably in the subjects carrying "Ss/ss" genotypes in combination of having family history of osteoporosis (61.5% for femoral neck) and smoking history (90.0% for total hip). This population-based study indicates that COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism may contribute to the development of osteoporosis in combination of osteoporosis risk factors in Turkish postmenopausal women.
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Densidad Ósea/genética , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Anciano , Cadena alfa 1 del Colágeno Tipo I , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/patología , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Cadera/patología , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Huesos Pélvicos/patología , Posmenopausia , Factores de Riesgo , TurquíaRESUMEN
In this study, 5-chloro-3H-spiro-[1,3-benzothiazole-2,3'-indole]-2'(1'H)-one derivatives 3a-l were synthesized by the reaction of 1H-indole-2,3-diones 1a-l with 2-amino-4-chlorothiophenol 2 in ethanol. 3a-l were tested for their abilities to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LP), scavenge DPPH(â¢) and ABTS(â¢+) radicals, and to reduce Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). Most of the tested compounds exhibited potent scavenging activities against ABTS(â¢+) radical, reducing powers and strong inhibitory capacity on LP. 3 a, 3 d, 3 e, 3h, 3 j and 3 k chosen as prototypes were evaluated in the National Cancer Institute's in vitro primary anticancer assay. The greatest growth inhibitions were observed against a non-small cell lung cancer cell line HOP-92 for R1-fluoro substituted 3 d and a renal cancer cell line RXF-393 for R-chloro substituted 3 e in the primary screen.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Radicales Libres/antagonistas & inhibidores , Indoles/farmacología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Espiro/farmacología , Ácidos Sulfónicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/síntesis química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazoles/antagonistas & inhibidores , Benzotiazoles/síntesis química , Benzotiazoles/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/química , Estructura Molecular , Compuestos de Espiro/síntesis química , Compuestos de Espiro/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
There is increasing evidence of a biochemical link between oxidative stress and bone metabolism. Oxidative stress has been shown to be involved in bone resorption as it causes loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), can prevent these effects of the oxidative stress on bone formation. It has been suggested that the PON1 gene as possibly implicated in reduced BMD in bone fragility cases. It has been hypothesized that PON1 gene polymorphisms may influence both the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia occurrence and prognosis. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between PON1 polymorphisms and bone fragility development. Seventy-four osteoporotic, 121 osteopenic and 79 nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women were recruited. For detection of the polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques have been used. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Distributions of PON1 (PON 192 and PON 55) polymorphisms in study groups were not significantly different. But, there was medium strength connection between in the osteopenic with control groups regarding PON1 55-PON1 192 haplotypes and we found a power strength connection between in the osteoporosis with control groups regarding PON1 55-PON1 192 haplotypes. Furthermore, subjects with PON1 192RR and PON1 55LL genotypes had lower PON activity values of osteoporotic subject compared to healthy control and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This result suggest that PON1 genotypes could be higher risk for osteoporosis, as determined by reduced BMD.
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Arildialquilfosfatasa/sangre , Arildialquilfosfatasa/genética , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/sangre , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Anciano , Alelos , Densidad Ósea/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Activación Enzimática , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis/sangre , Osteoporosis/genética , TurquíaRESUMEN
It has been suggested that the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes as possibly implicated in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis. The present study investigated the relation of ERα PvuII/XbaI polymorphisms and VDR FokI/TaqI polymorphisms with BMD in Turkish postmenopausal women. Eighty-one osteoporotic and 122 osteopenic postmenopausal women were recruited. For detection of the polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism techniques have been used. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Distributions of ERα (PvuII dbSNP: rs2234693, XbaI dbSNP: rs9340799) and VDR genotypes (FokI dbSNP rs10735810, TaqI dbSNP: rs731236) were similar in study population. Although overall prevalence of osteoporosis had no association with these genotypes, the prevalence of decreased femoral neck BMD values were higher in the subjects with ERα PvuII "PP" and ERα XbaI "XX" genotypes than in those with "Pp/pp" genotypes and "xx" genotype, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, subjects with VDR FokI "FF" genotype had lower BMD values of femoral neck and total hip compared to those with "Ff" genotype (P < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, we confirmed the presence of relationships between the VDR FokI "FF" genotypes, BMI ≤ 27.5, age ≥ 55 and the increased risk of femoral neck BMD below 0.8 value in postmenopausal women. The present data suggests that the ERα PvuII/XbaI and VDR FokI polymorphisms may contribute to the determination of bone mineral density in Turkish postmenopausal women.
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Densidad Ósea/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuello Femoral/patología , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Cadera/patología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Lumbares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/patología , Posmenopausia , Radiografía , Factores de Riesgo , TurquíaRESUMEN
AIM: In this study, we investigated whether monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) gene polymorphisms account for an increased risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. METHODS: Three hundred three postmenopausal women, 80 osteoporotic, 123 osteopenic, and 100 unrelated age-matched healthy controls, were included in the study. Genotyping of MCP-1 A2518G and CCR2 V64I gene polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: We, for the first time, demonstrated the positive association of MCP-1 GG, CCR2 Val/Ile, and CCR2 Val+ genotype with osteoporosis risk. However, CCR2 Ile/Ile genotype frequencies were high in the control group compared with those of the patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Haplotype analysis confirmed the association of MCP-1/CCR2 gene variants with osteopenia and revealed that the frequency of MCP-1 A:CCR2 Val haplotype was significantly higher in patients when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings have suggested that MCP-1 and CCR2 gene variants were risk factors for osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Variación Genética , Osteoporosis/genética , Receptores CCR2/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , PosmenopausiaRESUMEN
In recent years, the role of free radical damage consequent to oxidative stress is widely discussed in diabetic complications. In this aspect, the protection of cell integrity by trace elements is a topic to be investigated. Vanadium is a trace element believed to be important for normal cell function and development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadyl sulfate supplementation on the antioxidant system in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) to male Swiss albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I, control; Group II, vanadyl sulfate control; Group III, STZ-diabetic untreated; Group IV, STZ-diabetic treated with vanadyl sulfate. Vanadyl sulfate (100 mg/kg) was given daily by gavage for 60 days. At the last day of the experiment, rats were killed, muscle tissues were taken, homogenized in cold saline to make a 10% (w/v) homogenate. Body weights and blood glucose levels were estimated at 0, 30 and 60th days. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as carbonic anhydrase (CA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were determined in muscle tissue. Vanadyl sulfate administration improved the loss in body weight due to STZ-induced diabetes and decreased the rise in blood glucose levels. It was shown that vanadium supplementation to diabetic rats significantly decrease serum antioxidant enzyme levels, which were significantly raised by diabetes in muscle tissue showing that this trace element could be used as preventive for diabetic complications.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Vanadio/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glucemia/análisis , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratas , Estreptozocina , Compuestos de Vanadio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In this work we report the isolation and characterisation of seven flavonoids, the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of Rosa agrestis Savi (Rosaceae). The results showed that the R. agrestis leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidative activity as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (EC(50) = 47.4 microg mL(-1)), inhibited both beta-carotene bleaching and deoxyribose degradation, quenched a chemically generated superoxide anion in vitro and showed high ferrous ion chelating activity. Reactivity towards 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values were equivalent to 2.30 mM L(-1) Trolox, the water soluble alpha-tocopherol analogue, and 1.91 mM L(-1) Fe(2+), respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the extract appeared to be attributed to its high content of total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. The flavonoids isolated from R. agrestis leaves were diosmetin, kaempherol, quercetin, kaempherol 3-glucoside (astragalin), quercetin 3-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin 3-xyloside and quercetin 3-galactoside (hyperoside). Diosmetin (5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) was isolated for the first time from Rosa species.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/análisis , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/análisis , Quelantes del Hierro/análisis , Rosa/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Compuestos Férricos , Radical Hidroxilo , Ácido Linoleico , Fenoles/análisis , Picratos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Superóxidos , beta CarotenoRESUMEN
In this study, the prophylactic effect of the main lectin present in Aloe vera leaf pulp extract (Aloctin I) was assayed against Ehrlich ascites tumours in mice. The lectin administered prophylactically before tumour implantation regressed tumour size, however, this activity was less potent than that of the A. vera leaf pulp extract previously shown in our laboratory. Accordingly, serum sialic acid and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) levels, chosen as tumour markers, were decreased significantly by the prophylactic administration of the lectin. The increase in spleen and thymus weights in the group given only Aloctin I, could be explained by the immunomodulatory and mitogenic effects of lectins. These findings, along with lymphoid hyperplasia observed in spleen and thymus, suggest that the tumour preventive effect of Aloctin I could be due to its immunomodulatory activity.
Asunto(s)
Aloe/química , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/prevención & control , Hojas de la Planta/química , Lectinas de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/sangre , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Ratones , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/sangre , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Lectinas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/patología , Timo/efectos de los fármacos , Timo/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Among the various known therapeutic effects of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil., a few recent studies have shown that preparations of the plant leaves can prevent or regress the growth of certain tumours. In this study, undertaken with A. vera leaf pulp extract against Ehrlich ascites tumours in mice, the animals were separated into five groups: I - healthy control, II - tumour control, III - experiment 1 (extract given before tumour inoculation), IV - experiment 2 (extract given with tumour inoculation) and V - experiment 3 (extract given after tumour inoculation). Ehrlich ascites tumours (0.33 ml) were injected subcutaneously into groups II-V. Aloe extract was injected at 55 mg protein/kg, twice a week for 21 days. Tumour size, thymus and spleen weights were measured, as well as leucocyte count, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and sialic acid as tumour markers. The best inhibitory effect on tumour growth was obtained with the extract given prophylactically before tumour implantation (experiment 1), although Aloe extract also regressed tumour sizes when given simultaneously with (experiment 2), or therapeutically after (experiment 3), tumour implantation. Accordingly, serum sialic acid and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels, chosen as tumour markers, which were raised in the tumour control group, were significantly decreased by the prophylactic administration of the extract. The increase in leucocyte count seen in experiment 1 and 2 groups, along with lymphoid hyperplasia observed in spleen and thymus necroscopy, lead us to think that the tumour preventive effect of Aloe could be due to its immunomodulatory activity. According to our results, A. vera could be proposed as a prophylactic for cancer prevention.