RESUMEN
Plants and their microbiomes, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), can work as a team to reduce the adverse effects of different types of stress, including drought, heat, cold, and heavy metals stresses, as well as salinity in soils. These abiotic stresses are reviewed here, with an emphasis on salinity and its negative consequences on crops, due to their wide presence in cultivable soils around the world. Likewise, the factors that stimulate the salinity of soils and their impact on microbial diversity and plant physiology were also analyzed. In addition, the saline soils that exist in Mexico were analyzed as a case study. We also made some proposals for a more extensive use of bacterial bioinoculants in agriculture, particularly in developing countries. Finally, PGPB are highly relevant and extremely helpful in counteracting the toxic effects of soil salinity and improving crop growth and production; therefore, their use should be intensively promoted.
RESUMEN
Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) de los ambientes áridos y semiáridos son importantes para el desarrollo de las plantas que crecen bajo estrés biótico y abiótico en áreas naturales o en agroecosistemas. Existe poca información sobre la diversidad temporal de los HMA en plantas perennes de ecosistemas áridos en el norte de México. En este estudiose evaluaron la colonización micorrícica y la diversidad temporal de los HMA en la rizosfera de Larrea tridentata, planta perenne de amplia distribución en el Desierto Chihuahuense. Se obtuvieron muestras de la rizosfera y de raíces de 15 plantas, en 3 fechas de muestreo del año 2015. Se encontró un total de 17 especies de HMA, distribuidas en 12 géneros y 7 familias dentro del phylum Glomeromycota. La especie más abundante fue Funneliformis geosporum. Esta especie pertenece a la familia Glomeraceae, la única que estuvo representada con varios géneros en L. tridentata. El mayor porcentaje de micorrización se presentó en febrero, con un 83,22%, en septiembre fue del 75,27% y en mayo del 65,27%. El muestreo realizado en febrero presentó el mayor número de especies (16), seguido por el de mayo (15) y el de septiembre (12). El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas en el número de esporas entre los muestreos de febrero y los de mayo y septiembre.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of arid and semiarid ecosystems are important for the development of plants that grow under biotic stress in wild or in agro-ecosystems. There is little information on the temporal diversity of these organisms in perennial plants from arid ecosystems in northern Mexico. On this study, the mycorrhizal colonization and the temporal diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of Larrea tridentata, perennial plant abundant in the Chihuahuan Desert region were explored. Samples of the rhizosphere and roots of fifteen plants in each of the three sampling dates during the 2015 year were obtained. A total of 17 species of HMA belonging to 12 genera and 7 families within the phylum Glomeromycota in all three sampling dates were found. Funneliformis geosporum was the dominant species belonging to the family Glomeraceae which possess the highest genera number on L. tridentata.The highest mycorrhization percentage was in February with 83.22, followed by September and May with 75.27 and 65.27%, respectively. A maximum of 16 AM fungal species were isolated and identified from L. tridentata rhizosphere in February, 15 species in May and 12 species in September. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between sampling dates in the spores number.
Asunto(s)
Microbiología del Suelo , Micorrizas , Larrea , Biodiversidad , Esporas Fúngicas , Ecosistema , Raíces de Plantas , MéxicoRESUMEN
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of arid and semiarid ecosystems are important for the development of plants that grow under biotic stress in wild or in agro-ecosystems. There is little information on the temporal diversity of these organisms in perennial plants from arid ecosystems in northern Mexico. On this study, the mycorrhizal colonization and the temporal diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of Larrea tridentata, perennial plant abundant in the Chihuahuan Desert region were explored. Samples of the rhizosphere and roots of fifteen plants in each of the three sampling dates during the 2015 year were obtained. A total of 17 species of HMA belonging to 12 genera and 7 families within the phylum Glomeromycota in all three sampling dates were found. Funneliformis geosporum was the dominant species belonging to the family Glomeraceae which possess the highest genera number on L. tridentata. The highest mycorrhization percentage was in February with 83.22, followed by September and May with 75.27 and 65.27%, respectively. A maximum of 16 AM fungal species were isolated and identified from L. tridentata rhizosphere in February, 15 species in May and 12 species in September. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between sampling dates in the spores number.
