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1.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e282609, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39319927

RESUMEN

Candida albicans is often associated with oral candidiasis, and drug-resistance profiles have contributed to an increase in morbidity and mortality. It is known that Lactobacillus spp. acts by competing for adhesion to the epithelium, absorption of nutrients and modulation of the human microbiota. Therefore, they are important to assist in the host's microbiological balance and reduce the growth of Candida spp. Until now, there have been no reports in the literature of reviews correlating to the use of Lactobacillus spp. in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Thus, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms of action of Lactobacillus spp. and methods that can be used in the treatment of oral candidiasis. This is a study carried out through the databases PubMed Central and Scientific Electronic Library Online, using the following keywords: Oral Candidiasis and Lactobacillus. Original articles about oral candidiasis were included, with both in vitro and in vivo analyses, and published from 2012 to 2022. Lactobacillus rhamnosus was the most common microorganism used in the experiments against Candida, acting mainly in the reduction of biofilm, filamentation, and competing for adhesion sites of Candida spp. Among in vivo studies, most researchers used immunosuppressed mouse modelsof Candida infection. The studies showed that Lactobacillus has a great potential as a probiotic, acting mainly in the prevention and treatment of mucosal diseases. Thus, the use of Lactobacillus may be a good strategy for the treatment of oral candidiasis.


Asunto(s)
Candidiasis Bucal , Lactobacillus , Probióticos , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Candidiasis Bucal/terapia , Candidiasis Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Lactobacillus/fisiología , Animales , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Candida albicans/fisiología
2.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 57: e13205, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38656071

RESUMEN

Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality attributed to infections in children under five years of age worldwide, with 1.7 million annual estimated cases and more than 500,000 deaths. Although hydroelectrolytic replacement is the gold standard in treating diarrhea, it does not interfere with the restoration of the intestinal microbiota. Several studies have searched for an adequate alternative in restructuring intestinal homeostasis, finding that treatments based on probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are effective, which made such treatments increasingly present in clinical practice by reducing illness duration with minimal side effects. However, there are still controversies regarding some unwanted reactions in patients. The diversity of strains and the peculiarities of the pathogens that cause diarrhea require further studies to develop effective protocols for prevention and treatment. Here, we provide a descriptive review of childhood diarrhea, emphasizing treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics.


Asunto(s)
Diarrea , Prebióticos , Probióticos , Simbióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Simbióticos/administración & dosificación , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/terapia , Diarrea/prevención & control , Niño , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Preescolar
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 57: e13205, fev.2024. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557322

RESUMEN

Abstract Acute diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality attributed to infections in children under five years of age worldwide, with 1.7 million annual estimated cases and more than 500,000 deaths. Although hydroelectrolytic replacement is the gold standard in treating diarrhea, it does not interfere with the restoration of the intestinal microbiota. Several studies have searched for an adequate alternative in restructuring intestinal homeostasis, finding that treatments based on probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are effective, which made such treatments increasingly present in clinical practice by reducing illness duration with minimal side effects. However, there are still controversies regarding some unwanted reactions in patients. The diversity of strains and the peculiarities of the pathogens that cause diarrhea require further studies to develop effective protocols for prevention and treatment. Here, we provide a descriptive review of childhood diarrhea, emphasizing treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics.

4.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;44(10): 1013-1017, Oct. 2011. ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-600688

RESUMEN

An increased incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been observed worldwide. The molecular characterization of MRSA has played an important role in demonstrating the existence of internationally disseminated clones. The use of molecular biology methods in the surveillance programs has enabled the tracking of MRSA spread within and among hospitals. These data are useful to alert nosocomial infection control programs about the potential introduction of these epidemic clones in their areas. Four MRSA blood culture isolates from patients hospitalized at two hospitals in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed; one of them was community acquired. The isolates were characterized as SCCmec, mecA and PVL by PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile and molecular sequence typing (MLST) genotyping. The isolates presented type IV SCCmec, and none proved to be positive for PVL. The isolates showed a PFGE profile similar to the pediatric clone. MLST genotyping demonstrated that the isolates belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5), showing a new yqiL allele gene, resulting in a new sequence typing (ST) (1176). Our results showed that strains of MRSA carrying a new ST are emerging in community and nosocomial infections, including bacteremia, in São Paulo, Brazil.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Brasil , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genotipo , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación
5.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 44(10): 1013-7, 2011 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21881809

RESUMEN

An increased incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been observed worldwide. The molecular characterization of MRSA has played an important role in demonstrating the existence of internationally disseminated clones. The use of molecular biology methods in the surveillance programs has enabled the tracking of MRSA spread within and among hospitals. These data are useful to alert nosocomial infection control programs about the potential introduction of these epidemic clones in their areas. Four MRSA blood culture isolates from patients hospitalized at two hospitals in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed; one of them was community acquired. The isolates were characterized as SCCmec, mecA and PVL by PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile and molecular sequence typing (MLST) genotyping. The isolates presented type IV SCCmec, and none proved to be positive for PVL. The isolates showed a PFGE profile similar to the pediatric clone. MLST genotyping demonstrated that the isolates belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5), showing a new yqiL allele gene, resulting in a new sequence typing (ST) (1176). Our results showed that strains of MRSA carrying a new ST are emerging in community and nosocomial infections, including bacteremia, in São Paulo, Brazil.


Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Brasil , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genotipo , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación
6.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;36(9): 1135-1141, Sept. 2003. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-342863

RESUMEN

Brazil's scientific community is under pressure. Each year there is an increase in its contribution to international science and in the number of students who are trained to do research and teach at an advanced level. Most of these activities are carried out in state and federal universities, but with government funding that has decreased by more than 70 percent since 1996. Interviews with graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and professors in one university department with a strong research tradition illustrate the level of stress engendered by the conflict between increasing competition and diminishing resources, and serve to underscore the negative effects on creativity and on the tendency to choose science as a career


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Agotamiento Profesional , Selección de Profesión , Conducta Competitiva , Investigación , Investigadores , Brasil , Objetivos , Entrevista Psicológica , Sector Público , Investigadores
7.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 36(9): 1135-41, 2003 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12937778

RESUMEN

Brazil's scientific community is under pressure. Each year there is an increase in its contribution to international science and in the number of students who are trained to do research and teach at an advanced level. Most of these activities are carried out in state and federal universities, but with government funding that has decreased by more than 70% since 1996. Interviews with graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and professors in one university department with a strong research tradition illustrate the level of stress engendered by the conflict between increasing competition and diminishing resources, and serve to underscore the negative effects on creativity and on the tendency to choose science as a career.


Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Selección de Profesión , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Investigadores/psicología , Adulto , Brasil , Objetivos , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Sector Público , Investigadores/tendencias
8.
Int J Parasitol ; 31(3): 259-64, 2001 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11226452

RESUMEN

We report here the isolation and characterisation of genomic and cDNA clones encoding a Serine-, Alanine-, and Proline-rich protein (SAP) of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes. The deduced peptides translated from these clones were characterised by a high content of residues of alanine, proline, serine, glycine, valine, and threonine distributed in several repeats: P(2-4), S(2-3), A(2-3), AS, SA, PA, AP, SP, PS, and TP. The repeats are partially homologous to the serine-, alanine-, and proline-containing motifs of Leishmania major and Leishmania mexicana proteophosphoglycans. Genes coding for SAP are part of a polymorphic family whose members are linked to members of gp85/sialidase and mucin-like gene families. This is consistent with the hypothesis that this genetic organisation could be a means by which T. cruzi co-ordinates the expression of major surface proteins.


Asunto(s)
Genoma de Protozoos , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Familia de Multigenes , Proteínas Protozoarias/química , Proteínas Protozoarias/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trypanosoma cruzi/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo
9.
Genome Res ; 9(12): 1268-76, 1999 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10613849

RESUMEN

As part of the Trypanosoma cruzi Genome Initiative, we have mapped a large portion of the chromosomal bands XVI (2.3 Mb) and XVII (2.6 Mb) containing the highly repetitive and immunodominant antigenic gene families h49 and jl8. Restriction mapping of the isolated chromosomal bands and hybridization with chromosome specific gene probes showed that genes h49 and jl8 are located in a pair of size-polymorphic homologous chromosomes. To construct the integrated map of the chromosomes harboring the h49 and jl8 loci, we used YAC, cosmid, and lambda phage overlapping clones, and long range restriction analysis using a variety of probes (i.e., known gene sequences, ESTs, polymorphic repetitive sequences, anonymous sequences, STSs generated from the YAC ends). The total length covered by the YAC contig was approximately 670 kb, and its map agreed and was complementary to the one obtained by long-range restriction fragment analysis. Average genetic marker spacing in a 105 kb region around h49 and jl8 genes was estimated to be 6.2 kb/marker. We have detected some polymorphism in the H49/JL8 antigens-encoding chromosomes, affecting also the coding regions. The physical map of this region, together with the isolation of specific chromosome markers, will contribute in the global effort to sequence the nuclear genome of this parasite.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Mapeo Físico de Cromosoma , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Animales , Bandeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Artificiales de Levadura/genética , Mapeo Contig , Sondas de ADN/genética , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Protozoarios/genética , Humanos , Epítopos Inmunodominantes/genética , Mapeo Restrictivo , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico
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