Experimental traumatic occlusion drives immune changes in trigeminal ganglion.

We previously demonstrated that experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induces a long-lasting nociceptive response. These findings were associated with altered neuronal patterns and suggestive satellite glial cell activation. This study aimed to elucidate the activation of satellite glial cells following ETO in the trigeminal ganglion. Moreover, we explored the involvement of resident and infiltrating cells in trigeminal ganglion in ETO. Finally, we investigated the overexpression of purinergic signaling and the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis. RT-qPCR and electrophoresis showed overexpression of GFAP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and immunohistochemistry corroborated these findings, demonstrating SGCs activation. ELISA reveals enhanced levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß in TG after 28 d of ETO. In trigeminal ganglia, ETO groups improved the release of CX3CL1, and immunohistochemistry showed higher CX3CR1+ -immunoreactive cells in ETO groups. Immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis of the P2X7 receptor were found in ETO groups. The mRNA levels of IBA1 are upregulated in the 0.7-mm ETO group, while immunohistochemistry showed higher IBA1+ -immunoreactive cells in both ETO groups. The expression of CD68 by electrophoresis and immunohistochemistry was observed in the ETO groups. For last, ELISA revealed increased levels of IL-6, IL-12, and CCL2 in the TG of ETO groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expression revealed augmented transcription factors and cytokines associated with lymphocyte activation, such as RORγt, IL-17, Tbet, IFNγ, FOXP3, and IL-10. The findings of this study suggested that ETO activates SGCs in TG, and purinergic signaling and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis were upregulated. We uncovered the involvement of a distinct subtype of macrophages, named sensory neuron-associated macrophage activation (sNMAs), and detected an expanded number of infiltrated macrophages onto TG. These findings indicate that ETO induces chronic/persistent immune response.

Lives para pessoas idosas no contexto da Covid-19 / Lives for older people in the context of Covid-19 / Lives para las personas mayores en el contexto del Covid-19

Objetivo: Investigar as lives disponibilizadas nas redes sociais de instituições e conselhos profissionais brasileiros sobre pessoas idosas no contexto de enfrentamento da Covid-19, publicadas entre abril e setembro de 2020. Método: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, exploratório, descritivo e infométrico. Resultados: Três instituições relacionadas diretamente a pessoas idosas divulgaram lives vol-tadas para essa população ou para cuidadores e familiares. Entre os profissionais que mais tiveram participações nas lives encontram-se os médicos geriatras. O maior número de acesso (quase oito mil) ocorreu em uma live intitulada "Pande-mia Covid-19", realizada em junho, por um geriatra. Ela foi divulgada no YouTu-be da Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ­ instituição que mais di-vulgou lives sobre a temática. A rede social mais utilizada para esse fim foi o Ins-tagram. Conclusão: há uma carência na atenção e no cuidado com a pessoa idosa no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19.

Objective: Investigate the lives made available on the social networks of institutions and professional advice about people going to s in the face of Covid-19 to verify which institutions most disseminated these lives which was the most used social network and which professional had more participations. Method: A retrospective, exploratory, descriptive and infometric study was conducted. Results: Three institutions, SBGG, FNILPI and ABG ­ directly related to elderly ­ disseminated lives aimed at this population or at caregivers and family members; among the professionals who had the most participation in the lives were geriatric doctors, the largest number of access was given to the live entitled "Covid-19 Pandemic", which was held in June by a geriatrician, and which had 7.829 accesses, being disclosed in the YT of SBGG. SBGG was the institution that most disseminated lives, the most used social network was IG, and July was the month with the highest number of disclosures. Conclusion: There is a lack of attention and care for the elderly.

Objetivo: Investigo las lives puestas a disposición en las redes sociales de instituciones y asesoramiento profesional sobre personas que acuden a s frente al Covid-19 para verificar qué instituciones más difundieron estas lives, cuál fue la red social más utilizada y qué profesional tuvo más participaciones. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, exploratorio, descriptivo e infométrico. Resultados: Tres instituciones, SBGG, FNILPI y ABG ­ directamente relacionadas con las personas atendidas ­ difundieron vidas dirigidas a esta población o a cuidadores y familiares; entre los profesionales que más participación tuvieron en la live fueron los médicos geriátricos, el mayor número de acceso se dio al live titulada "Pandemia Covid-19", que se realizó en junio por un geriatra, y que tuvo 7.829 accesos, siendo divulgado en el YT de SBGG. SBGG fue la institución que más difundió lives, la red social más utilizada fue IG, y julio fue el mes con mayor número de divulgaciones. Conclusión: Hay una falta de atención y cuidado para los ancianos.

Epidemiological and geographical distribution profile of urban sporotrichosis in the city of São Paulo

Abstract Background Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America, where it is considered endemic. At the end of the 20th century, the first cases of zoonotic transmission were described in Rio de Janeiro, triggering an epidemic outbreak that spread to other regions of Brazil. The lack of disease notification omits its real occurrence in the country, which happens in its most populous city, São Paulo. Objective To evaluate the epidemiological aspects of the patients seen at a hospital in São Paulo aiming at establishing the geographic distribution of this disease. Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed data from medical records of patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of sporotrichosis attended at a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2020. Results Twenty patients were included. As for zoonotic surveillance, 30% denied contact with an animal, and 70% reported previous contact with a sick cat, with no other animals being mentioned. One case was allochthonous and the others autochthonous, showing a dissemination behavior from a focus in the eastern area of the capital. Study limitations The present study was based on data from only one hospital. Studies that include data from other hospitals and other regions must be carried out to obtain a complete picture of this disease. Conclusions As in other regions of the country, zoonotic sporotrichosis presents itself as an endemic disease with an increase in the number of cases. The findings highlight epidemiological characteristics of great importance so that public health policies can contain disease progression.

Epidemiological and geographical distribution profile of urban sporotrichosis in the city of São Paulo.

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America, where it is considered endemic. At the end of the 20th century, the first cases of zoonotic transmission were described in Rio de Janeiro, triggering an epidemic outbreak that spread to other regions of Brazil. The lack of disease notification omits its real occurrence in the country, which happens in its most populous city, São Paulo. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological aspects of the patients seen at a hospital in São Paulo aiming at establishing the geographic distribution of this disease. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that analyzed data from medical records of patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of sporotrichosis attended at a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2020. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included. As for zoonotic surveillance, 30% denied contact with an animal, and 70% reported previous contact with a sick cat, with no other animals being mentioned. One case was allochthonous and the others autochthonous, showing a dissemination behavior from a focus in the eastern area of the capital. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The present study was based on data from only one hospital. Studies that include data from other hospitals and other regions must be carried out to obtain a complete picture of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: As in other regions of the country, zoonotic sporotrichosis presents itself as an endemic disease with an increase in the number of cases. The findings highlight epidemiological characteristics of great importance so that public health policies can contain disease progression.

O envelhecer na sétima arte: o capitão américa e seus retratos biopsicossociais / Aging in the seventh art: captain america and his biopsychosocial portraits

Este artigo propõe uma análise das representações sociais da velhice, do lazer e dos aspectos biopsicossociais relacionados ao processo de envelhecimento, tendo como base as idades cronológica, biológica, psicológica e social do indivíduo, a partir da trajetória do Capitão América - personagem de histórias em quadrinho criado nos anos 1940. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que as temáticas relativas à longevidade necessitam de rearranjos de ideias e de valores, no sentido de assegurar um envelhecimento ativo e socialmente inserido, tendo o entretenimento e as produções cinematográficas um potencial para auxiliar nesse movimento.

This article proposes an analysis of the social representations of old age, leisure, entertainment and biopsychosocial aspects related to the aging process, based on the individual's chronological, biological, psychological and social ages, based on the trajectory of Captain America - character of comic books created in the 1940s. The results of this research show that the themes related to old age need rearrangements of ideas and values, in order to ensure an active and socially inserted aging, with leisure and film productions a potential for assist in this movement.

Presence of hyphae in chromoblastomycosis examinations: an enigma to be solved

Abstract The detection of muriform cells in direct mycological or anatomopathological examination is considered pathognomonic for chromoblastomycosis. The morphological aspect that these fungal structures acquire were called "Borelli spiders", when associated with hyphae. Reports of this association have been described for decades, initially related to more pathogenic agents of this mycosis. More recent studies have shown aspects related to the host's immunity that participate in this process, as well as an association with a worse disease prognosis. The present study discloses the findings of complementary examinations with the presence of "Borelli's spiders" in a patient diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis.

Presence of hyphae in chromoblastomycosis examinations: an enigma to be solved.

The detection of muriform cells in direct mycological or anatomopathological examination is considered pathognomonic for chromoblastomycosis. The morphological aspect that these fungal structures acquire were called "Borelli spiders", when associated with hyphae. Reports of this association have been described for decades, initially related to more pathogenic agents of this mycosis. More recent studies have shown aspects related to the host's immunity that participate in this process, as well as an association with a worse disease prognosis. The present study discloses the findings of complementary examinations with the presence of "Borelli's spiders" in a patient diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis.

Immunoreactive cutaneous sporotrichosis

Abstract Sporothrix spp. infection can occur through the inoculation of the organism in the skin through direct contact with the soil (sapronotic infection), through contact with animals, such as infected cats and dogs (zoonotic infection), or less frequently via inhalation. With a subacute or chronic evolution, approximately 80% of patients affected by the disease present with the lymphocutaneous form; episodes associated with a hypersensitivity reaction are rare. The authors report the case of a 12-year-old child with immunoreactive sporotrichosis manifested clinically as erythema nodosum lesions in the lower limbs, associated with an ulcerated lesion in the left arm.

Immunoreactive cutaneous sporotrichosis.

Sporothrix spp. infection can occur through the inoculation of the organism in the skin through direct contact with the soil (sapronotic infection), through contact with animals, such as infected cats and dogs (zoonotic infection), or less frequently via inhalation. With a subacute or chronic evolution, approximately 80% of patients affected by the disease present with the lymphocutaneous form; episodes associated with a hypersensitivity reaction are rare. The authors report the case of a 12-year-old child with immunoreactive sporotrichosis manifested clinically as erythema nodosum lesions in the lower limbs, associated with an ulcerated lesion in the left arm.

Deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly - a review / Efeitos deletérios do tempo prolongado no leito nos sistemas corporais dos idosos - uma revisão

Abstract Objective: to describe the deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly. Method: an integrative-narrative review was carried out, with the following research question: What are the effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly? The PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were searched with the following terms: "bed rest" and "elderly" with the Boolean operator "and". Results: a total of 1,639 articles were found. After application of the established criteria, nine articles remained, and 20 were added to maintain the citation of the primary source, giving a total of 29 articles. Conclusion: the immobility associated with prolonged bed rest is detrimental to the health of the elderly, as it affects several systems, such as the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and urinary systems, which may lead to the onset of diseases in addition to those that led to bed rest. AU

Resumo Objetivo: descrever os efeitos deletérios do tempo prolongado nos sistemas corporais dos idosos. Método: foi realizada revisão integrativa-narrativa, com a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Quais os efeitos do tempo prolongado no leito nos sistemas corporais dos idosos? Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) com os seguintes termos: bed rest e elderly com o boleador and. Resultados: foram encontrados um total de 1.639 artigos. Após aplicação dos critérios estabelecidos restaram nove artigos, sendo que foram acrescentados 20 para a manutenção da citação da fonte primária, totalizando 29 artigos. Conclusão: a imobilidade associada ao tempo prolongado no leito se mostra prejudicial à saúde do idoso por afetar diversos sistemas, tais como cardiovascular, pulmonar, gastrointestinal, musculoesquelético e urinário, podendo levar ao aparecimento de doenças adicionais àquelas que ocasionaram o repouso no leito. AU

Relação do grau de cifose torácica com os níveis de densidade mineral óssea em mulheres idosas / Relationship of the thoracic kyphosis degree with the levels bone mineral density older women / Relación del grado de cifosis torácica con los niveles de densidad mineral ósea en mujeres mayores

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mensurar o grau de cifose torácica em mulheres idosas, por meio do Método Flexicurva, correlacionando este achado com o de Densitometria Óssea (DMX), hábitos de vida e características antropométricas. Foram selecionadas 100 mulheres que haviam realizado o exame de DMX e divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com o nível de densidade mineral óssea (DMO): normal, osteogênicas e osteoporóticas. Realizou-se avaliação do grau de cifose torácica com o método Flexicurva. As variáveis: grau de cifose; DMO; idade; dados antropométricos foram comparadas entre os grupos e comparadas com os hábitos de vida. O grupo com osteoporose mostrou diferenças significativas quanto à idade, peso e IMC. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas variáveis relacionadas aos hábitos de vida. As participantes com osteoporose apresentaram maior grau de cifose torácica na postura habitual, porém sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Também não houve correlação entre as variáveis analisadas. O envelhecimento, a diminuição do peso corporal e do IMC estão ligados ao processo de osteoporose. Flexicurva não foi capaz de diferenciar as idosas quanto ao nível de DMO.

The objective of this study was to mesure the kyphosis thoracic degree in older women through Flexicurve method, correlating this finding with Bone Densitometry, habits of life and anthropometric characteristics. 100 women who had undergone the examination of DMX were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the level of bone mineral density (BMD): the normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic. Was carried out assessing the degree of thoracic kyphosis with Flexicurve method. Variables: degree of kyphosis; BMD; age; and anthropometric data were compared between groups and compared with the habits of life. The group with osteoporosis showed significant differences in age, weight and BMI. No significant difference was observed related to lifestyle variables. The participants with osteoporosis showed higher degree of thoracic kyphosis in normal stance, but with no significant difference between groups. There was also no correlation between the variables. Aging, decreasing body weight and BMI are connected to the osteoporosis process. Flexicurve was not able to differentiate the older in the level of BMD.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir el grado de cifosis torácica en mujeres mayores, por medio del Método Flexicurva, correlacionando este hallazgo con el de Densitometría Ósea (DMX), hábitos de vida y características antropométricas. Se seleccionaron 100 mujeres que habían realizado el examen de DMX y se dividieron en 3 grupos de acuerdo con el nivel de densidad mineral ósea (DMO): normal, osteogénicos y osteoporóticos. Se realizó una evaluación del grado de cifosis torácica con el método Flexicurva. Las variables: grado de cifosis; DMO; edad; y datos antropométricos fueron comparados entre los grupos y comparados con los hábitos de vida. El grupo con osteoporosis mostró diferencias significativas en cuanto a edad, peso e IMC. No se observó diferencia significativa en las variables relacionadas con los hábitos de vida. Las participantes con osteoporosis presentaron mayor grado de cifosis torácica en la postura habitual, pero sin diferencia significativa entre los grupos. También no hubo correlación entre las variables analizadas. El envejecimiento, la disminución del peso corporal y del IMC están vinculados al proceso de osteoporosis. Flexicurva no fue capaz de diferenciar a las personas mayores en cuanto al nivel de DMO.

Aplicativos móveis para a saúde e o cuidado de idosos / Mobile applications for the health and care of elderly / Aplicaciones móviles para la salud y el cuidado de los ancianos

O crescente uso de smartphones, aliado ao envelhecimento populacional, fez surgirem no mercado diversos aplicativos voltados para o público idoso. Diante dessa realidade, o objetivo do estudo aqui apresentado foi descrever os aplicativos direcionados à saúde e ao cuidado de idosos. Realizou-se uma busca de aplicativos em smartphones com sistema operacional Android e iOS. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram: 'idoso','saúde do idoso', 'envelhecimento', 'elderly' e 'salud de los ancianos'. Foram encontrados 25 aplicativos que abrangem três temas: saúde dos idosos, cuidado de idosos e informações sobre a saúde e o cuidado de idosos. Os aplicativos objetivam a prática de exercício físico, a prevenção ou detecção de quedas, a estimulação cognitiva, a busca de profissionais ou serviços, o auxílio ao cuidado de idosos e a divulgação de informações sobre saúde e sobre doenças e tratamentos. Esses recursos podem trazer grande contribuição à saúde e ao aperfeiçoamento do cuidado ao idoso, sendo um instrumento de monitoramento, informação e promoção de hábitos saudáveis.(AU)

The increasing use of smartphones, coupled with the aging of the population, has brought to the marketseveral applications aimed at the elderly public. Faced with this reality, the objective of the study presentedon this article was to describe the applications directed to the health and care of the elderly. We searchedfor applications on smartphones with Android and iOS operating systems. The descriptors used in thesearch were: 'idoso', 'saúde do idoso', 'envelhecimento', 'elderly' and 'health of the elderly'. 25 applicationscovering three themes were found: elderly health, elderly care, and health and care information about the elderly. The applications aim the practice of physical exercise, the prevention or detection of falls,the cognitive stimulation, the search for professionals or services, the assistance of elderly care and the dissemination of information on health and on diseases and treatments. Applications for smartphones can make a great contribution to health and the improvement of elderly care, being an instrument formonitoring, information and promotion of healthy habits.

El creciente uso de teléfonos inteligentes, aliado al envejecimiento de la población, hizo que surgiesen en el mercado diversas aplicaciones destinadas al público anciano. Ante esa realidad el objetivo del estudio ahora presentado fue describir las aplicaciones dirigidas a la salud y al cuidado de los ancianos.Se realizó una búsqueda de aplicaciones en teléfonos inteligentes con sistema operativo Android e iOS. Los descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda fueron: 'idoso', 'saúde do idoso', 'envelhecimento', 'elderly' e'salud de los ancianos'. Fueron encontradas 25 aplicaciones que abarcan tres temas: salud de los ancianos,cuidado de los ancianos y información sobre salud y cuidados de los ancianos. Las aplicaciones objetivan la práctica de ejercicios físicos, la prevención o detección de caídas, la estimulación cognitiva, la búsqueda de profesionales o servicios, la ayuda al cuidado del anciano y la divulgación de información sobre la saludy sobre las enfermedades y los tratamientos. Las aplicaciones para teléfonos inteligentes pueden aportar una gran contribución a la salud y para mejorar el cuidado del anciano, siendo un recurso de vigilancia, información y promoción de hábitos saludables.

Esquizofrenia, clínica e saúde mental na psicologia sócio-histórica e na psicanálise / Schizophrenia, clinic and mental health in socio-historical psychology and in psychoanalysis / Esquizofrenia, clínica y salud mental en la psicología sociohistórica y la psicoanálisis

A partir da leitura de Vygotsky e seus comentadores, discutem-se as proximidades e distanciamentos entre a psicologia sócio-histórica e a psicanálise no que tange à clínica da esquizofrenia. Há nos dois casos a valorização dos fenômenos de linguagem e a abertura para um projeto clínico não médico, que se estabelece sob diferentes perspectivas na interlocução com a psicopatologia clássica. Na psicologia sócio-histórica, a ênfase recai nos aspectos cognitivos e na consciência; na psicanálise, nos conteúdos inconscientes e na sexualidade. Interroga-se a materialização dessas ideias nas práticas dos psicólogos nas políticas de saúde mental. Há, por parte de alguns psicólogos da perspectiva sócio-histórica, uma ênfase nos aspectos macro da psicogênese, o que leva à valorização de intervenções que têm por objetivo imediato a promoção da cidadania, a consolidação da rede de cuidados e a mudança de cultura sobre a doença mental. Na psicanálise, essas metas estão presentes, porém matizadas pela consideração das especificidades dos laços sociais de cada sujeito. Salienta-se que, apesar das diferenças, o desenvolvimento dialógico de um trabalho clínico a partir dessas abordagens pode favorecer os objetivos da reforma psiquiátrica.

From a reading of Vygotsky and his commentators, we discuss the convergences and departures between socio-historical psychology and psychoanalysis regarding the clinic of schizophrenia. In both cases, it is possible to perceive an emphasis on language phenomena and an opportunity for a non-medical clinical project, which is established from different perspectives in the exchange with classical psychopathology. In the socio-historical perspective, the emphasis is on cognitive aspects and consciousness; in psychoanalysis, in unconscious contents and sexuality. We question the materialization of these ideas in the practices of psychologists in mental health policy. The socio-historical psychologists emphasize the macro aspects of psychogenesis, which leads to an emphasis on interventions that immediately aim at promoting citizenship, strengthening the care network and changing the mindset about mental illness. In psychoanalysis, these goals are nuanced by taking into account the particulars of each person's social bonds. It is pointed out that, despite the differences, the dialogical development of a clinical work based on the aforementioned approaches may further the goals of psychiatric reform.

A partir de la lectura de Vygotsky y sus comentadores, se discuten las aproximaciones y distanciamientos entre la psicología socio-histórica y el psicoanálisis en lo que se refiere a la clínica de las esquizofrenias. Se constata en los dos casos la valorización de la lenguaje y la apertura a un proyecto clínico no médico en la interlocución con la psicopatología clásica. En la psicología socio-histórica, el énfasis incide en los aspectos cognitivos y en la conciencia; en el psicoanálisis, en los contenidos inconscientes y en la sexualidad. Se interroga la materialización de esas ideas en las prácticas de psicólogos en la salud mental. Se constata actualmente por parte de la psicología socio-histórica el énfasis en aspectos macro de la psicogénesis y una laguna sobre los aspectos clínicos. Esto favorece las intervenciones que objetivan inmediatamente la promoción de la ciudadanía, la consolidación de la red de cuidados y el cambio de cultura sobre la enfermedad mental. En el psicoanálisis, la aplicación de estas metas son mediados por la consideración a las especificidades de los lazos sociales de los sujetos. Se subraya que, a pesar de las diferencias, el desarrollo dialógico de un trabajo clínico puede favorecer la reforma psiquiátrica.

Development of an application for mobile devices to evaluate the balance and risk of falls of the elderly / Desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis de avaliação do equilíbrio e risco de quedas em idosos

Abstract Objective: to develop an application for mobile devices to evaluate the balance and risk of falls of the elderly. Method: A cross-sectional study with a sample composed of 54 elderly individuals with an average age of 71 years submitted to three balance and risk of falls evaluation tests, was performed. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) tests were employed. Results: The results were closely correlated, identifying three groups of volunteers: low, medium and high risk of falls. When these values were compared with the analyzes performed by the application, some of the variations in the results generated by the application were not related to the classic tests, as the software could discriminate between individuals with a high and low risk of falls. Conclusion: The developed application was able to verify the oscillations present in the maintenance of static balance of the elderly and could differentiate the results into two groups of high and low risk of falls. AU

Resumo Objetivo: desenvolver um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis para avaliação do equilíbrio e risco de queda em idosos Método: estudo transversal para validação do mesmo, com 54 idosos submetidos a três testes de avaliação do equilíbrio e risco de queda: os testes Timed Up and Go (TUG) e Teste de Avaliação da Mobilidade Orientada pela Performance (POMA). Resultado: Os resultados apresentaram uma boa correlação, possibilitando agrupar os voluntários em três grupos de baixo, médio e alto risco de queda. Quando esses valores foram confrontados com as análises realizadas pelo aplicativo, parte da variação dos resultados do aplicativo não estava relacionada com os testes clássicos, de forma que o software conseguiu diferenciar os idosos com baixo e alto risco de quedas. Conclusão: O aplicativo desenvolvido foi capaz de verificar as oscilações presentes na manutenção do equilíbrio estático de idosos e diferenciar os resultados em grupos de baixo e alto risco de queda. AU

Estudo comparativo do ângulo da cifose torácica e da força dos músculos respiratórios de mulheres idosas / A comparative study of thoracic kyphosis angles and respiratory muscle strength of elderly women

Objetivo: O aumento da cifose torácica e a diminuição da força dos músculos respiratórios estão entre as alterações fisiológicas mais observadas em idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar medidas do ângulo da cifose torácica e da força dos músculos respiratórios entre idosas praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física. Método: Foram avaliadas 54 idosas entre 60 e 80 anos, distribuídas em dois grupos: Grupo 1, com 27 idosas praticantes de atividade física (71,3 ± 5,1 anos); e Grupo 2, com 27 idosas não praticantes de atividade física (70,2 ± 4,8 anos). A força dos músculos respiratórios foi avaliada por meio da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx) e da pressão expiratória máxima (Pemáx); e o grau de cifose torácica, por meio do método Flexicurva. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados correlação de Pearson e teste t de Student, com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados: As idosas do Grupo 1 exibiram valores maiores na Pimáx e na Pemáx quando comparadas com as idosas do Grupo 2. Esse resultado poderia ser explicado pelos efeitos do tempo da prática de atividade física regular e da especificidade do esporte. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a prática regular de atividade física contribui para a manutenção da força dos músculos respiratórios e para retardar o aumento do ângulo da cifose torácica em idosas fisicamente ativas.

Objective: The increase in thoracic kyphosis and the decrease in respiratory muscle strength are among the most frequently observed physiological changes in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare thoracic kyphosis angle and respiratory muscle strength measurements among women who do physical activity with those who do not. Method: We evaluated 54 elderly women aged between 60 and 80 years old, and distributed them into two groups: Group 1, with 27 physically active elderly women (71.3 ± 5.1 years old); and Group 2, with 27 elderly women who do not do physical activity (70.2 ± 4.8 years old). Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and the angle degree of the thoracic kyphosis was measured using the Flexicurva method. For data analysis, we used Pearson's correlation test and Student's t-test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Group 1participants showed higher values of MIP and MEP when compared to those in Group 2. A possible reason for this result could be the effects of regular physical activity and, specifically, the sport practiced. Conclusion: Results suggest that regular participation in physical activity contributes to the maintenance of respiratory muscle strength and delays the increase of the thoracic kyphosis angle in physically active elderly women.

Tratamento da doença de Hailey-Hailey com laser de CO2 fracionado: uma série de três casos / Treatment of the Hailey-Hailey disease with fractional CO2 laser: a three-case series

A doença de Hailey-Hailey ou pênfigo familiar benigno é condição rara, que se caracteriza por lesões vesiculares e erosões, associadas a dor e queimação, que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Existem vários tratamentos tópicos e sistêmicos que podem promover temporariamente a remissão das lesões, não existindo tratamento curativo. Algumas opções de tratamento com resultados duradouros abrangem a dermoabrasão e a vaporização com laser de Erbium YAG ou CO2. Relatamos três casos de pacientes com lesões recorrentes e respostas limitadas aos tratamentos clássicos, que apresentaram melhora clínica importante e alívio sintomático após terapia com laser de CO2 fracionado.

The Hailey-Hailey disease or familial benign pemphigus is a rare condition, characterized by vesicular lesions and erosions with a predilection for intertriginous areas associated with pain and burning sensation that affect the quality of life of patients. There are many topical and systemic treatments for the injuries that can temporarily promote partial or complete remission, but there is no curative treatment. Some treatment options with lasting results include dermabrasion and Erbium laser resurfacing (YAG or CO2). We report three cases of patients with recurrent lesions and limited responses to classical treatments, which showed significant clinical improvement after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Ocronose exógena tratada com laser de CO2 / Exogenous ochronosis treated with CO2 Laser

Ocronose exógena é doença cutânea rara, geralmente associada ao uso tópico de hidroquinona. Leva à hiperpigmentação acinzentada ou preto-azulada, devido à deposição dérmica de pigmento ocre. Não existe tratamento padronizado, e as opções terapêuticas são em geral frustrantes. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com ocronose exógena após uso de hidroquinona, tratada com laser fracionado de CO2 e apresentando resultado bastante satisfatório.

Exogenous Ochronosis is a rare skin disease. It is usually associated with the topical use of hydroquinone, resulting in a grayish or bluish black hyperpigmentation due to dermal deposition of ocher pigment. There is no gold standard treatment and the therapeutic options are generally not effective. We report a case of a patient with exogenous achronosis after use of Hydroquinone, treated with CO2 Laser and showing very good results.