Risk of repeated drainage in pediatric septic arthritis: patient or method?

How drainage of septic arthritis should be performed remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare arthrocentesis (Ac) using double intra-articular needle lavage to arthrotomy (At) as first-line drainage treatment for pediatric hip and knee septic arthritis. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors of second articular drainage. A retrospective review of medical records of children with knee and hip septic arthritis was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: children treated for septic arthritis between 2014 and 2020 with a positive culture of joint fluid. Clinical, biological, radiographical and ultrasound data were recorded at presentation and during follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of drainage performed: Ac or At. 25 hips and 44 knees were included, 42 treated by Ac (15 hips, 27 knees) and 27 by At (10 hips, 17 knees). There is no significant difference between Ac and At regarding the need for repeated drainage and Ac nor At was reported as risk factor for repeated drainage. The presence of associated musculoskeletal infection (MSI) was a significant risk factor of repeated drainage [odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-114.2; P < 0.001]. Significantly more associated MSI (P < 0.001), level I virulence germs (P < 0.001) and positive blood culture (<0.001) were found in patients who underwent repeated drainage. There was no significant difference between Ac and At regarding rate of repeated drainage. The risk factors for repeated drainage were: associated with MSI, virulent germs and positive blood culture.

Translation and validation of the French version of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Truncal Anterior Asymmetry Scoliosis Questionnaire (TAASQ).

PURPOSE: Scoliosis is an abnormality which causes anterior trunk asymmetry. The Truncal Anterior Asymmetry Scoliosis Questionnaire-adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (TAASQ) measures the feeling about anterior trunk appearance in girls with AIS. It comprises 14 questions which evaluate frontal asymmetry of breasts, shoulders, and waist as well as behavioral attitude. There is currently no validated questionnaire in French to evaluate truncal asymmetry in AIS girls. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the French version of the TAASQ (TAASQ-VF). METHODS: The study reports the translation and transcultural adaptation of the TAASQ into French. The translation was tested on 20 patients to verify comprehension and modify if necessary. To assess the reliability of the translated version, each domain as well as the total measure were tested for internal consistency. Convergent validity was evaluated on 63 patients and test-retest on a sample of 15. RESULTS: The translation and content validation process resulted in a French version of the TAASQ. Internal consistency was over 0.80 for each item, over 0.70 for each domain, and 0.88 for the total scores. SAQ were used to perform convergent validity with TAASQ-VF. The TAASQ-FV correlated well with many of the SAQ domains (p < 0.05) and every TAASQ-FV domain correlated with at least one SAQ domain (p < 0.05). Test-retest reliability for the total score and for each domain was good. CONCLUSION: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the TAASQ questionnaire provides a French version that can measure the feeling about frontal appearance in girls with idiopathic scoliosis.

Wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) versus axillary brachial plexus block for carpal tunnel release in a French public university hospital: Care pathways and operating room costs.

INTRODUCTION: The wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) is a local anesthetic technique that theoretically cuts costs and shortens surgical waiting times, but this has yet to be demonstrated in France. The main objective of this study was to assess and compare the comprehensive care pathways and costs of performing carpal tunnel release (CTR) procedures in the ambulatory surgery unit using WALANT and axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB). METHODS: A total of 72 CTRs in 66 patients were reviewed after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The anesthesia was performed by an anesthesiologist after a preoperative consultation. The surgical waiting time, operating room occupancy time, total time taken off work (TOW) and the return to work rate were recorded. The estimated total direct cost per patient (TDCPP) was the sum of the specialist consultation fees, the French diagnosis-related group (DRG) rates and the minimum daily cost of TOW (€27.30/day). RESULTS: Only the total operating room occupancy time differed significantly: 27minutes for the WALANT versus 37minutes for the ABPB (p=0.004). There were no complications or reoperations in either group. The total cost for the cohort was estimated at €190,970. The mean estimated TDCPP was €2,870 for the entire cohort, €2,543 for the ABPB and €2,713 for the WALANT (p=0.791). Twenty-seven of the 45 patients returned to work after a mean TOW of 3.1 months. Fourteen CTRs were preceded by a mean preoperative TOW of 27 days, which resulted in a cost of €24,948 (13% of the total cost). There were no significant differences in TOW or revision rate between WALANT and ABPB. CONCLUSION: Although WALANT significantly reduced operating room occupancy times in our public hospital, the societal costs were the same regardless of the anesthesia technique. Reducing surgical waiting times in France could result in a theoretical saving of nearly €14 million annually. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Hand wounds: An analysis of topography and related damage to underlying structures.

INTRODUCTION: Hand wounds account for 35 to 51% of hand traumas. Damage to underlying anatomical structures depends on the location of the wound. The objective of this study is to describe the topographic distribution of hand wounds allowing for subsequent evaluation of the link between affected surface area and underlying lesion. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1058 patients with a total of 1319 wounds over a period of 2 years. Wound location was described according to the cutaneous projection of IFSSH zones for flexors and extensors. Any associated deep lesions were evaluated. Topographical distribution was modeled graphically using a heat-map. We compared the proportion of underlying lesions between each cutaneous zone. Sub-group analysis for lesions' rate regarding zone groups were performed. RESULTS: 58.9% of wounds were located on the palmar surface and 41.1% on the dorsal surface. 71% of wounds affected only the digits. The index finger was the most affected. The most damaged region was zone 2 for palmar wounds and zone 3 for dorsal wounds. 45.5% of wounds resulted in injury to a significant underlying anatomical structure. This frequency was 36.4% and 58.5% for palmar and dorsal wounds respectively. More than 50% of wounds in palmar zone 5 and dorsal zones 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 presented at least one lesion. A lesion of major structure was more frequently found in palmar zone 5 (p <0.001). Dorsally, no zone predominated. Subgroup analysis for dorsal wounds revealed that wounds overlying joints had more major lesions including more tendons injuries and more articular violations with zone 3 presenting a rate of 68%. CONCLUSION: We provided the first graphical representation for the topographical distribution of hand wounds. Dorsal wounds have a higher association with injury to underlying structures. These results generally support surgical exploration of all hand wounds regardless of their location. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV Study type: Epidemiological study.