RESUMEN
Insulin pumps have transformed the way diabetes is managed by providing a more accurate and individualized method of delivering insulin, in contrast to conventional injection routines. This research explores the progression of insulin pumps, following their advancement from initial ideas to advanced contemporary systems. The report proceeds to categorize insulin pumps according to their delivery systems, specifically differentiating between conventional, patch, and implantable pumps. Every category is thoroughly examined, emphasizing its unique characteristics and capabilities. A comparative examination of commercially available pumps is provided to enhance informed decision making. This section provides a thorough analysis of important specifications among various brands and models. Considered factors include basal rate and bolus dosage capabilities, reservoir size, user interface, and compatibility with other diabetes care tools, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices and so on. This review seeks to empower healthcare professionals and patients with the essential information to improve diabetes treatment via individualized pump therapy options. It provides a complete assessment of the development, categorization, and full specification comparisons of insulin pumps.
RESUMEN
In this study, we propose a duckbill valve microfluidic pump that relies on an electromagnetic actuation mechanism. An FEA/CFD-based approach was adopted for the design of the device due to the coupled electromagnetic-solid-fluid interactions in the device. The simulation methodology was confirmed with the previously published data in the literature to ensure the accuracy of the simulations. The proposed optimum duckbill valve micropump can pump 2.45 µL of fluid during the first 1 s, including both contraction and expansion phases, almost 16.67% more than the basic model. In addition, the model can pump a maximum volume of 0.26 µL of fluid at the end of the contraction phase (at 0.5 s) when the magnetic flux density is at maximum (0.027 T). The use of a duckbill valve in the model also reduces the backflow by almost 7.5 times more than the model without any valve. The proposed device could potentially be used in a broad range of applications, such as an insulin dosing system for Type 1 diabetic patients, artificial organs to transport blood, organ-on-chip applications, and so on.
RESUMEN
In this study, we assessed the performance characteristics of five different magnetorheological micropump designs, two of which were our proposed designs, while others were from the existing designs in the literature. Comparisons have been performed based on physics-based simulations, and the fully coupled magneto-solid-fluid interaction simulations were carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics software. For a fair and meaningful comparison, both the material and geometric properties were kept the same, and the simulations were run for one complete pumping cycle. The results showed that the proposed flap and duckbill valve models could pump 1.09 µL and 1.16 µL respectively in 1 s, which was more than the rest of the existing micropump models. Moreover, at 0.5 s, when the magnetic flux density was maximum, the flap and duckbill valve models could pump almost twice as fluid as some of the existing valve models did. The results also demonstrated that the flap and duckbill valve models were nearly five times faster than some of existing models. In conclusion, the proposed two micropump models could propel more net fluid volume than the existing micropump designs, experienced low leakage during the contraction and expansion phase, and had faster response times. We believe that the present study provides valuable insights for future micropump designs, which have an extensive range of application areas, ranging from insulin dosing systems for T1D patients to artificial organs to transport blood and from organ-on-chip applications to micro-cooling systems.
