Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bocavirus in wild rodents in urban areas of Guangzhou, Southern China.

Members of the genus Bocaparvovirus have a significant impact on human health and can infect a wide range of hosts, increasing the likelihood of crossing species barriers. Among the various mammalian hosts, rodents are widely recognized as important reservoirs for emerging and zoonotic viruses. However, despite recent reports of bocavirus infections in rodents, our current understanding of rat bocavirus (RBoV) genetic diversity and evolution is limited. In this study, rodent samples were collected from the urban areas of Guangzhou city, Southern China, to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of RBoV. Through PCR-based screening of 296 rodent spleens, 54 samples were determined to be positive for RBoV infection, and 12 nearly complete genome sequences of RBoV were recovered. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages and sub-lineages of RBoV, and six recombination events with strong statistical support were identified, with five of these events involving sequences obtained from this study. These results highlight the genetic diversity of RBoV circulating in rodents in Guangzhou city and emphasize the importance of extensive surveillance to gain a better understanding of RBoV epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, and potential for cross-species transmission.

Nano-Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (Nano-PROTACs) in Cancer Therapy.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules that have the capability to induce specific protein degradation. While playing a revolutionary role in effectively degrading the protein of interest (POI), PROTACs encounter certain limitations that impede their clinical translation. These limitations encompass off-target effects, inadequate cell membrane permeability, and the hook effect. The advent of nanotechnology presents a promising avenue to surmount the challenges associated with conventional PROTACs. The utilization of nano-proteolysis targeting chimeras (nano-PROTACs) holds the potential to enhance specific tissue accumulation, augment membrane permeability, and enable controlled release. Consequently, this approach has the capacity to significantly enhance the controllable degradation of target proteins. Additionally, they enable a synergistic effect by combining with other therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the structural basis, advantages, and limitations of PROTACs. Furthermore, it highlights the latest advancements in nanosystems engineered for delivering PROTACs, as well as the development of nano-sized PROTACs employing nanocarriers as linkers. Moreover, it delves into the underlying principles of nanotechnology tailored specifically for PROTACs, alongside the current prospects of clinical research. In conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology into PROTACs harbors vast potential in enhancing the anti-tumor treatment response and expediting clinical translation.

[Meta-analysis of plant restoration impacts on soil microbial community structure in mining areas]. / 植被恢复对矿区土壤微生物群落结构影响的整合分析.

Mining causes severe damage to soil ecosystems. Vegetation restoration in abandoned mine areas is an inevitable requirement for sustainable development. Soil microbes, as the most active component of soil organic matter, play a crucial role in the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements. They are often used as indicators to assess the extent of vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas. However, the impacts of vegetation restoration on soil microbial community structure in mining areas at the global scale remains largely unknown. Based on 310 paired observations from 44 papers, we employed the meta-analysis approach to examine the influence of vegetation restoration on soil microbial abundance and biomass in mining area. The results indicated that vegetation restoration significantly promotes soil microbial biomass in mining areas. In comparison to bare soil, vegetation restoration leads to a significant 95.1% increase in soil microbial biomass carbon and a 87.8% increase in soil microbial biomass nitrogen. The abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes are significantly increased by 1005.4%, 472.4%, and 177.7%, respectively. Among various vegetation restoration types, the exclusive plan-ting of trees exhibits the most pronounced promotion effect on soil microbial biomass and population, which results in a significant increase of 540.3% in soil fungi and 104.5% in actinomycetes, along with a respective enhancement of 110.3% and 106.4% in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Model selection results revealed that soil satura-ted water content and vegetation restoration history contribute most significantly to the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. Soil available nitrogen has the most significant impact on the abundance of actinomycetes and microbial biomass carbon, while soil available phosphorus emerges as a crucial factor affecting microbial biomass nitrogen. This research could contribute to understanding the relationship between vegetation restoration and the structure of soil microbial communities in mining areas, and providing scientific support for determining appropriate vegetation restoration types in mining areas.

[Research progress on active ingredients of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of allergic rhinitis].

Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. Due to its high prevalence, high recurrence rate, and lack of a definitive cure, it is considered a global health issue by the World Health Organization. The pathogenesis of AR is complex and mainly involves B cells, helper T cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, as well as the cytokines and inflammatory mediators they secrete. Clinical treatment primarily focuses on inhibiting inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes. In recent years, active ingredients of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have shown unique advantages and potential in AR treatment thanks to their high safety, specificity, selectivity, and biopotency. This study systematically reviewed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of active ingredients and mixed extracts from animal-derived TCM, such as bovine spleen, honeycomb, bee venom, maggot, and human placenta, which have been shown by modern pharmacological research to regulate the immune function in AR, providing a reference for further exploration and clinical development of active ingredients from animal-derived TCM. Studies have found that the active ingredients from animal-derived TCM can produce definite therapeutic effects in AR by modulating multiple immune balances in the body, with great clinical prospects. However, their mechanisms of action still require further investigation, and the quality control techniques for effective ingredients need to be improved. Currently, the research on active ingredients from animal-derived TCM in China has adopted an interactive system consisting of "traditional medical experience-based research, bioinformatics and artificial intelligence predictions, and validation and development through new experimental techniques". Based on this system, animal-derived TCM can combine modern scientific and technological means to maximize the therapeutic effects of active ingredients and serve the clinical application of AR in a more efficient and innovative manner.

Planktonic microbial community and biological metabolism in a subtropical drinking water river-reservoir system.

To understand the dynamics of planktonic microbial community and its metabolism processes in subtropical drinking water river-reservoir system with lower man-made pollution loading, this study selected Dongzhen river-reservoir system in Mulan Creek as object to investigate spatial-temporal characteristics of community profile and functional genes involved in biological metabolism, and to analyze the influence of environmental factors. The results indicated that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most diverse phyla with proportion ranges of 9%-80% in target system, and carbohydrate metabolism (5.76-7.12 × 10-2), amino acid metabolism (5.78-7.21 × 10-2) and energy metabolism (4.07-5.17 × 10-2) were found to be the dominant pathways of biological metabolism. Although there were variations in biological properties both spatially and temporally, seasonal variation had a greater influence on microbial community and biological metabolism, than locational differences. Regarding the role of environmental factors, this study revealed that microbial diversity could be affected by multiple abiotic factors, with total organic carbon, total phosphorus and temperature being more influential (absolute value of standardized regression weights >2.13). Stochastic processes dominated the microbial community assembly (R2 of neutral community model = 0.645), while niche-based processes differences represented by nutrients, temperature and pH level played secondary roles (R > 0.388, P < 0.01). Notably, the synergistic influences among the environmental factors accounted for the higher percentages of community variation (maximum proportion up to 17.6%). Additionally, pH level, temperature, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, carbon and nitrogen were found to be the significant factors affecting carbon metabolism pathways (P < 0.05), yet only total organic carbon significantly affected on nitrogen transformation (P < 0.05). In summary, the microbial profile in reservoir is not completely dominated by that in feeding river, and planktonic microbial community and its metabolism in subtropical drinking water river-reservoir system are shaped by multiple abiotic and biotic factors with underlying interactions.

Comparison of oral sodium phosphate tablets and polyethylene glycol lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To systematically compare the bowel cleaning ability, patient tolerance and safety of oral sodium phosphate tablets (NaPTab) and oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEGL) to inform clinical decision making. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for studies that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the roles of NaPTab and PEGL in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included papers. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 13 RCTs were eligible for inclusion, including 2,773 patients (1,378 and 1,395 cases in the NaPTab and PEGL groups, respectively). Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the cleansing quality of the NaPTab and PEGL groups [RR 1.02, 95% CI (0.96-1.08), P = 0.46]. The incidence of nausea was lower in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 0.67, 95% CI (0.58-0.76), p < 0.00001]. Patients rated the taste of NaPTab higher than PEGL [RR 1.33, 95% CI (1.26-1.40), P < 0.00001]. Willingness to repeat the treatment was also higher in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 1.52, 95% CI (1.28-1.80), P < 0.00001]. Both serum potassium and serum calcium decreased in both groups after the preparation; however, meta-analysis revealed that both minerals decreased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD = 0.38, 95% CI (0.13-0.62), P = 0.006 for serum potassium and MD = 0.41, 95% CI (0.04-0.77), P = 0.03 for serum calcium]. Meanwhile, serum phosphorus increased in both groups after the preparation; however, levels increased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD 4.51, (95% CI 2.9-6.11), P < 0.00001]. Conclusions: While NaP tablets and PEGL were shown to have a similar cleaning effect before colonoscopy, NaP tablets had improved patient tolerance. However, NaP tablets had a strong effect on serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels. For patients with low potassium, low calcium, and renal insufficiency, NaP tablets should be prescribed with caution. For those at high-risk for acute phosphate nephropathy, NaP tablets should be avoided. Given the low number and quality of included studies, these conclusions will require additional verification by large high-quality studies. Systematic review registration: 10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0013, identifier: NPLASY202350013.

Identification of pyroptosis-related subtypes and establishment of prognostic model and immune characteristics in asthma.

Background: Although studies have shown that cell pyroptosis is involved in the progression of asthma, a systematic analysis of the clinical significance of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) cooperating with immune cells in asthma patients is still lacking. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing datasets from patients with different disease courses were used to screen pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes and perform biological function analysis. Clustering based on K-means unsupervised clustering method is performed to identify pyroptosis-related subtypes in asthma and explore biological functional characteristics of poorly controlled subtypes. Diagnostic markers between subtypes were screened and validated using an asthma mouse model. The infiltration of immune cells in airway epithelium was evaluated based on CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and immune cells was analyzed. Finally, a risk prediction model was established and experimentally verified using differentially expressed genes between pyroptosis subtypes in combination with asthma control. The cMAP database and molecular docking were utilized to predict potential therapeutic drugs. Results: Nineteen differentially expressed PRGs and two subtypes were identified between patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma conditions. Significant differences were observed in asthma control and FEV1 reversibility between the two subtypes. Poor control subtypes were closely related to glucocorticoid resistance and airway remodeling. BNIP3 was identified as a diagnostic marker and associated with immune cell infiltration such as, M2 macrophages. The risk prediction model containing four genes has accurate classification efficiency and prediction value. Small molecules obtained from the cMAP database that may have therapeutic effects on asthma are mainly DPP4 inhibitors. Conclusion: Pyroptosis and its mediated immune phenotype are crucial in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of asthma. The predictive models and drugs developed on the basis of PRGs may provide new solutions for the management of asthma.

[Composition changes reveal relationship between color and enzymatic reaction of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" process].

In this study, we employed Q Exactive to determine the main differential metabolites of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex du-ring the "sweating" process. Further, we quantified the color parameters and determined the activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD), and tyrosinase of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Gray correlation analysis was performed for the color, chemical composition, and enzyme activity to reveal the effect of enzymatic reaction on the color of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex sweating in different manners showed similar metabolite changes. The primary metabolites that changed significantly included amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars, and the secondary metabolites with significant changes were phenols and phenylpropanoids. Despite the different sweating methods, eleven compounds were commonly up-regulated, including L-glutamic acid, acetylarginine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; six compounds were commonly down-re-gulated, including L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and phenylalanine. The brightness value(L~*), red-green value(a~*), and yellow-blue value(b~*) of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex kept decreasing during the "sweating" process. The changes in the activities of PPO and POD during sweating were consistent with those in the color parameter values. The gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the main differential metabolites such as amino acids and phenols were closely related to the color parameters L~*, a~* and b~*; POD was correlated with amino acids and phenols; PPO had strong correlation with phenols. The results indicated that the color change of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" was closely related to the reactions of enzymes dominated by PPO and POD. The study analyzed the correlations among the main differential metabolites, color parameters, and enzyme activities of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in the "sweating" process. It reveals the common law of material changes and ascertains the relationship between color changes and enzymatic reactions of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating". Therefore, this study provides a reference for studying the "sweating" mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and is of great significance to guarantee the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.

[Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Lianhua Reservoir].

Thirteen typical antibiotics in surface water of the Lianhua Reservoir were analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS to assess the pollution characteristics and risk levels. Ten antibiotics except for erythromycin, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole were detected in surface water and the total concentration of antibiotics varied between non-detectable (n.d.) and 925.26 ng ·L-1. Azithromycin had the highest concentration (n.d.-232.61 ng ·L-1) with the detection frequency of 75%, followed by enrofloxacin (n.d.-187.69 ng ·L-1), tetracycline (n.d.-155.05 ng ·L-1), and ciprofloxacin (n.d.-83.66 ng ·L-1) with the detection frequencies over 60%. The spatial distribution of antibiotics was as follows: total concentration of upstream (sampling point 1) > Aoxi River stream tributary (sampling point 2) > reservoir downstream (sampling point 3) > reservoir entrance (sampling point 4) > reservoir area (sampling point 5). The seasonal variations in the concentrations of antibiotics were evident; total concentrations in the dry season were significantly higher than those in the wet and normal seasons. The results of the environmental risk assessment indicated that ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin pose significant risks to the environment. In the Lianhua Reservoir, ciprofloxacin showed high potential risk to the ecological environment, while the environmental risks of other antibiotics in the reservoir were below the medium level. The combined risk value of the antibiotics in the dry season was higher than that in the wet and normal seasons.

[Performance of an Aerobic Granular Reactor Treating Biogas Slurry from Pig Farm].

This research investigated the performance of an aerobic granular reactor treating biogas slurry from pig farm. Results indicated that the granular structure of aerobic sludge was not affected by the high pollution concentrationsin the biogas slurry. Although a low removal rate of phosphate was found in this study (about 16%±2%), organic matter and ammonia nitrogen showed stable removal and transformation in the granular system, and the effluent concentrations of those components were (267±81)mg·L-1 and(62±12)mg·L-1, respectively. In addition, the removal rate of sulfamethazine and tetracycline was 98%±2% and 65%±16%, respectively. During the process biogas slurry treatment, bacterial communities in the aerobic granular reactor remained stable, and Comamonadaceae was the dominant bacteria (relative abundance ofapproximately 16.66%).

[Microbial community diversity and its characteristics in Magnolia Officinalis Cortex "sweating" process based on high-throughput sequencing].

Magnolia Officinalis Cortex has been used as a traditional Chinese herb for thousands of years in China. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the processing of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex needs " sweating" or " Fahan",which was a special drying process and considered to be an important symbol for high quality and genuine medicinal materials. In this unique processing mode,Magnolia Officinalis Cortex's microbial community structure may be changed,but little is known about microbial diversity during the " sweating". In this study,to analyze the change and its change rules of microbial community of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the whole process of " sweating",and find out the microbial community that affects the quality of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the process of its " sweating",and provide a basis for further research on the microbial transformation of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex,MiSeq highthroughput sequencing was used to evaluate the microbial diversity of natural " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex. In this research,334 genera fungi and 674 genera bacteria were identified. The dominant species weren' t obvious during the early stage of " sweating". Candida was the dominant fungal species( 45. 01%-71. 93%) during the medium " sweating" stage. Aspergillus is the dominant fungal species( 45. 83%-95. 51%) during the late stage of " sweating". Moreover,Enterobacter and Klebsiella were the primary bacterial genus( ≥56. 05%) during the middle and late stages of " sweating". In addition,the predominant bacteria in the process of " sweating" included Bacillus,Deinococcus,Sphingomonas,Hymenobacter and Jatrophihabitans. In conclusion,the microbial diversities and the main dominant fungi and bacteria in the process of " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex were initially determined. It was also found that the metabolism of Aspergillus and Candida may be related to the character formation,which were sweet odor and brown inner surface after " sweating". The results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the influence of different microorganisms on the excellent traits formation of " sweating" Magnolia Officinalis Cortex.

[Correlation between accumulation of flavoneand expression of functional genes in Carthamus tinctorius].

The average yield of safflower blooming from 1 to 7 day was recorded and calculated, HPLC was used to detect the percentage composition of HYSA,quercetin,naringenin and kaempferol, and the real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of chs and chi. The average yield,percentage composition of HYSA and naringenin as well as functional genes' expression presented similar trends. The average yield reached the highest peak at the third day, showing highpositive correlation with the contents of HYSA (r=0.756,P<0.05), and significant correlation with the expression of chi (r=0.892,P<0.01). The contents of naringenin showed a high positive correlation with the expression of chs(r=0.766,P<0.05). The study provides a theory basis for the composition and regulation mechanism of the flavonoid constituents and lays foundation for molecular mechanisms which lead to the difference of quality in C. tinctorius.

[Safflower's origin and changes of producing areas].

Human's application of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a long history, but the origin remains unclear. Safflower was introduced into China for traditional Chinese medicine, and Sichuan was major producing area. However, in recent years, the main producing area is in Xinjiang province, in contrast Sichuan safflower is difficult to find. By reading relevant document literature and the production and marketing information of safflower, and having field investigation in the main producing areas, the origin of safflower and the reasons of producing areas' changes were explored. The origin of safflower is considered as the Fertile Crescent in reasonably. The change of producing areas in China is effected by the factors of natural environment and society. The suitability of producing areas and quality of safflower still need to study further.

Design, synthesis, cytotoxicities and DNA cleavage activities of dibenzoxepine and isoquinoline derivatives starting from dehydroabietylamine.

A series of novel hexahydrodibenzoxepine and quinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized starting from dehydroabietylamine. The cytotoxicities of the compounds against L02 and HepG2 cell lines were investigated. Meanwhile, the plasmid DNA (Escherichia coli) cleavage of several heterocyclic derivatives was studied. These compounds exhibit remarkable activities on plasmid DNA pBR322. Our study provides useful information for developing new and more potent antitumor agents.

[Cloning,Bioinformatic Analysis of Chalcone-Flavonone Isomerase Gene( CHI) and Relationship Between Expression of CHI and Accumulation of HSYA in Carthamus tinctorius].

Objective: To clone chalcone-flavonone isomerase( CHI) gene in Carthamus tinctorius,to analyze the bioinformation of CHI,to compare the expression of CHI,and to analyze the percentage composition of hydroxysafflor yellow A( HSYA) during the florescence,in order to provide the foundation for functional verification of CHI and the composition and regulation mechanism of the flavonoid constituents in Carthamus tinctorius. Methods: CHI was cloned,bioinformatics was used to analyze the protein characteristics, real timePCR was used to analyze the expression of CHI,and HPLC was used to analyze the percentage composition of HSYA Results: A 696 bp CHI sequence in Carthamus tinctorius,the expression of CHI and the percentage composition of HSYA during the florescence were obtained. The variation tendency was similar between the expression of CHI and the accumulation of HSYA, which was increased gradually during 1 ~ 4 d and peaked at the fourth day,then decreased sharply during the fifth to the seventh day of florescence. Conclusion: This research provides a foundation for functional verification of CHI and the composition and regulation mechanism of the flavonoid constituents in Carthamus tinctorius.

[Salinomycin Enhances the Apoptosis of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line Jurkat Cells Induced by Vincristine].

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinomycin combined with vincristine on the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat cells and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The proliferation of Jurkat cells was examined by CKK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess cellular apoptosis. Levels of BCL-2, caspase-3, and caspase- 8 were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: The salinomycin or vincristine, either alone or in combination, inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Salinomycin combined with vincristine produced more obveous inhibition of cell proliferation than either compound used alone (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the combined use of Sal and VCR reduced the expression of BCL-2 protein, and increased expression of caspase 3 and caspase 8 protein, more significantly. Furthermore, combination of Sal and VCR synergistally promoted apoptosis of the Jurkat cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of salinomycin and vincristine synergistically inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells.

[Ecological risk assessment of land use based on exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA): a case study of Haitan Island, Fujian Province].

As a novel environment management tool, ecological risk assessment has provided a new perspective for the quantitative evaluation of ecological effects of land-use change. In this study, Haitan Island in Fujian Province was taken as a case. Based on the Landsat TM obtained in 1990, SPOT5 RS images obtained in 2010, general layout planning map of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone in 2030, as well as the field investigation data, we established an ecological risk index to measure ecological endpoints. By using spatial autocorrelation and semivariance analysis of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), the ecological risk of Haitan Island under different land-use situations was assessed, including the past (1990), present (2010) and future (2030), and the potential risk and its changing trend were analyzed. The results revealed that the ecological risk index showed obvious scale effect, with strong positive correlation within 3000 meters. High-high (HH) and low-low (LL) aggregations were predominant types in spatial distribution of ecological risk index. The ecological risk index showed significant isotropic characteristics, and its spatial distribution was consistent with Anselin Local Moran I (LISA) distribution during the same period. Dramatic spatial distribution change of each ecological risk area was found among 1990, 2010 and 2030, and the fluctuation trend and amplitude of different ecological risk areas were diverse. The low ecological risk area showed a rise-to-fall trend while the medium and high ecological risk areas showed a fall-to-rise trend. In the planning period, due to intensive anthropogenic disturbance, the high ecological risk area spread throughout the whole region. To reduce the ecological risk in land-use and maintain the regional ecological security, the following ecological risk control strategies could be adopted, i.e., optimizing the spatial pattern of land resources, protecting the key ecoregions and controlling the scale of construction land use.

Behavior of tetracycline and sulfamethazine with corresponding resistance genes from swine wastewater in pilot-scale constructed wetlands.

Four pilot-scale constructed wetlands (free water surface, SF; horizontal subsurface flow, HSF; vertical subsurface flows with different water level, VSF-L and VSF-H) were operated to assess their ability to remove sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC) from wastewaters, and to investigate the abundance level of corresponding resistance genes (sulI, sulII, tetM, tetW and tetO) in the CWs. The results indicated that CWs could significantly reduce the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater, and the mass removal rate range of SMZ and TC were respectively 11%-95% and 85%-95% in the four systems on the basis of hydraulic equilibrium; further relatively high removal rate was observed in VSF with low water level. Seasonal condition had a significant effect on SMZ removal in the CWs (especially SMZ in SF), but TC removal in VSFs were not considered to have statistically significant differences in winter and summer. At the end period, the relative abundances of target genes in the CWs showed obvious increases compared to initial levels, ranging from 2.98 × 10(-5) to 1.27 × 10(-1) for sul genes and 4.68 × 10(-6) to 1.54 × 10(-1) for tet genes after treatment, and those abundances showed close relation to both characteristic of wastewater and configuration of CWs.

[Removal and accumulation of the tetracycline resistance gene in vertical flow constructed wetland].

This paper investigated the efficiency and accumulation of vertical flow constructed wetland on removing tetracycline resistance (tet) genes (tetM, tetO, and tetW) from swine wastewater. The result indicated that all three tet genes were detected in raw wastewater, average absolute abundances of tetW, tetM, and tetO were 1.07 x 10(10), 4.03 x 10(10) and 4.92 x 10(10) gene copies per litre, respectively. Vertical flow constructed wetland could significantly reduce the content of wastewater antibiotics resistance genes, and average elimination rates were 95.73%, 92.21% and 95.05%, respectively. Compare to the content of antibiotics resistance genes in unpolluted soil, the content of that in soil of the system had an obvious increase at the end stage of this study. Meanwhile, absolute abundances and relative abundances of three tet genes in surface layer of soil were higher than that in basement soil. The control condition and structure of construct wetlands would affect the accumulation of tetracycline resistance genes in the system.

Antitumor and scavenging radicals activities of some polyphenols related to dehydroabietylamine derivatives.

A novel series of polyphenols 4-9 were synthesized by the reaction of catechol with dehydroabietylamine derivatives. The antitumor activities of these compounds against L02 and HepG2 cells were investigated. Among them, compounds 4, 5, and 9 can inhibit HepG2 cells viability, but have lower inhibitory effect on L02 cells in the same concentration, indicating their potential for further development. Meanwhile, the novel series of polyphenols exhibited stronger radical-scavenging activities than the control groups.