[Chondrosarcomatous metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, a rare tumor]. / Carcinoma metaplásico condrosarcomatoide de mama, una entidad inusual.

Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are uncommon, accounting for less than 0.2% of all breast cancers. Clinically and radiologically, metaplastic carcinomas are indistinguishable from typical ductal carcinomas, and the diagnosis is made histologically by the finding of a mesenchymal component. We present a case of chondrosarcomatous metaplastic breast carcinoma whose definitive diagnosis required immunohistochemical techniques to confirm the malignant epithelial component of the tumor. Accurate diagnosis is important because this tumor behaves differently: it usually spreads through the blood (whereas typical epithelial carcinomas spread through the lymph vessels), metastases present during follow-up rather than before diagnosis, and the five-year survival rate is 35%.

[Juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum. Report of a new case and review of the literature]. / Vasculitis gangrenosa juvenil del escroto. Aportación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura.

Juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum is a peculiar form of scrotal gangrene of undetermined etiology, with clinical and pathological features of its own, described in 1973 by Piñol et al. We report a new case, considering this entity as part of the differential diagnosis of scrotal gangrene, and a review of relative literature.

[Prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma. Report of a new case and review of the literature]. / Adenocarcinoma mucinoso de próstata. Presentación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To present an additional case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. The histochemical and immunohistochemical findings demonstrating its prostatic origin are presented and the literature is reviewed. METHODS/RESULTS: A 53-year-old male with no previous symptoms or signs presented for a prostatic examination. DRE was normal and PSA was 35 ng/ml. A prostate biopsy demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score of 3 + 3. Complementary studies were negative. The patient was submitted to radical prostatectomy. Anatomopathological analysis of the surgical specimen demonstrated a prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma. At one-year follow-up, the patient is alive and disease-free and PSA values have returned to normal. CONCLUSIONS: Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a rare anatomopathological variant whose natural history and prognosis are not well-known. This tumor type generally does not respond to any treatment and is hormone-resistant.

[Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in hairy leukoplakia by in situ hybridization]. / Detección de DNA del virus de Epstein-Barr en la leucoplasia vellosa por hibridación in situ.

BACKGROUND: Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is one of the commonest oral lesions associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This entity is regarded to be related to replicative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. The present study was aimed at demonstrating the presence of EBV in 19 biopsy specimens, with clinical and histologic diagnosis of HL. METHODS: In situ hybridization technique was performed with a biotinylated probe employing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS: All cases exhibited a hybridization signal restricted to nuclei of keratinocytes that displayed a cytopathic effect in the routine microscopic study. The hybridization signal was confined to the nuclei of a large number of intermediate and superficial cell layers, and occasionally of the parakeratin surface. CONCLUSIONS: It appears to exist a close relation between the presence of EBV and the development of HL. In situ hybridization technique with a biotinylated EBV DNA probes is a useful diagnostic tool, that allows a highly accurate diagnosis of HL, specially in those lesions with doubtful clinical and histopathological appearances. The HL represents the first known non-tumoral epithelial lesion associated to EBV infection.

[Intravascular endothelial papillary hyperplasia in the masseter muscle]. / Hyperplasie intravasculaire endothéliale papillaire dans le muscle masséter.

Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (IVPEH) is a benign process, even uncommon. It was first described by Masson in 1923 under the name "Hemangioendotheliom vegetant intravascular". We present a case of IVPEH located in the masseter muscle. The treatment for this lesion was surgical excision. The histological examination is very important in order to separate this lesion from angiosarcoma.

[Renal oncocytoma. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. / Oncocitoma renal. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Renal oncocytoma is an uncommon, generally benign tumor of the renal parenchyma arising from tubular cells with typical gross, microscopic and ultrastructural features. We report another case of renal oncocytoma that had been treated conservatively on the basis of the pre- and intraoperative findings. The present case provides further insight into the biological behaviour of this tumor type. Its origin, pathological features, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, and prognosis are discussed.