A smartphone-based diagnostic analyzer for point-of-care milk somatic cell counting.

BACKGROUND: Mastitis, a pervasive and detrimental disease in dairy farming, poses a significant challenge to the global dairy industry. Monitoring the milk somatic cell count (SCC) is vital for assessing the incidence of mastitis and the quality of raw cow's milk. However, existing SCC detection methods typically require large-scale instruments and specialized operators, limiting their application in resource-constrained settings such as dairy farms and small-scale labs. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel, smartphone-based, on-site SCC testing method that leverages smartphone capabilities for milk somatic cell identification and enumeration, offering a portable and user-friendly testing platform. RESULTS: The central findings of our study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for counting milk somatic cells. Its on-site applicability, facilitated by the microfluidic chip, optical system, and smartphone integration, heralds a paradigm shift in point-of-care testing (POCT) for dairy farms and smaller laboratories. This approach bypasses complex processing and presents a user-friendly solution for real-time SCC monitoring in resource-limited settings. This device boasts several unique features: small size, low cost (<$1,000 total manufacturing cost and <$1 per test), and high accuracy. Remarkably, it delivers test results within just 2 min. Actual-sample testing confirmed its consistency with results from the commercial Bentley FTS/FCM cytometer, affirming the reliability of the proposed method. Overall, these results underscore the potential for transformative change in dairy farm management and laboratory testing practices. SIGNIFICANCE: In summary, this study concludes that the proposed smartphone-based method significantly contributes to the accessibility and ease of SCC testing in resource-limited environments. By fostering the use of POCT technology in food safety control, particularly in the dairy industry, this innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of mastitis, ultimately benefiting the global dairy sector.

An instrument-free, integrated micro-platform for rapid and multiplexed detection of dairy adulteration in resource-limited environments.

In dairy industry, expensive yak's milk, camel's milk, and other specialty dairy products are often adulterated with low-cost cow's milk, goat's milk and so on. Currently, the detection of specialty dairy products typically requires laboratory settings and relies on skilled operators. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-detection technology and on-site rapid detection technique to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the detection of specialty dairy products. In this study, we introduced a fully integrated and portable microfluidic detection platform called Sector Self-Driving Microfluidics (SDM), designed to simultaneously detect eight common species-specific components in milk. SDM integrated nucleic acid extraction, purification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and lateral flow strip (LFS) detection functions into a closed microfluidic system, enabling contamination-free visual detection. The SDM platform used a constant-temperature heating plate, powered by a mobile battery, eliminated the need for additional power support. The SDM platform achieved nucleic acid enrichment and transfer through magnetic force and liquid flow driven by capillary forces, operating without external pumps. The standalone SDM platform could detect dairy components with as low as 1% content within 1 h. Validation with 35 commercially available samples demonstrated 100% specificity and accuracy compared to the gold standard real-time PCR. The SDM platform provided the dairy industry with an efficient, convenient, and accurate detection tool, enabling rapid on-site testing at production facilities or sales points. This facilitated real-time monitoring of quality issues during the production process, quickly identifying potential risks and preventing substandard products from entering the market.

Critical review and recent advances of emerging real-time and non-destructive strategies for meat spoilage monitoring.

Monitoring and evaluating food quality, especially meat quality, has received a growing interest to ensure human health and decrease waste of raw materials. Standard analytical approaches used for meat spoilage assessment suffer from time consumption, being labor-intensive, operation complexity, and destructiveness. To overcome shortfalls of these traditional methods and monitor spoilage microorganisms or related metabolites of meat products across the supply chain, emerging analysis devices/systems with higher sensitivity, better portability, on-line/in-line, non-destructive and cost-effective property are urgently needed. Herein, we first overview the basic concepts, causes, and critical monitoring indicators associated with meat spoilage. Then, the conventional detection methods for meat spoilage are outlined objectively in their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, we place the focus on the recent research advances of emerging non-destructive devices and systems for assessing meat spoilage. These novel strategies demonstrate their powerful potential in the real-time evaluation of meat spoilage.

Amplification-free quantitative detection of genomic DNA using lateral flow strips for milk authentication.

With the globalization and complexity of the food supply chain, the market is becoming increasingly competitive and food fraudulent activities are intensifying. The current state of food detection faced two primary challenges. Firstly, existing testing methods were predominantly laboratory-based, requiring complex procedures and precision instruments. Secondly, there was a lack of accurate and efficient quantitative detection methods. Taking cow's milk as an example, this study introduced a novel method for nucleic acid quantification in dairy products, based on lateral flow strips (LFS). The core idea of this method is to design single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes to hybridize with mitochondrial genes, which are abundant, stable, and species-specific in dairy products, as detection targets. Drawing inspiration from the principles of nucleic acid amplification, this research innovatively established a new DNA hybridization method, named LAMP-Like Hybridization (HybLAMP-Like). Leveraging the denaturation and DNA polymerization functions of the bst enzyme, efficient binding of the probe and template strand was achieved. This method eliminated the need for nucleic acid amplification, simplifying the procedure and mitigating aerosol contamination, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection results. The method exhibited exceptional sensitivity, capable of detecting extremely low to 12.5 ng in visual inspection and 3.125 ng when using a reader. In terms of practicality, it could achieve visual detection of cow's milk content as low as 1% in adulterated dairy products. When combined with a portable LFS reader, it also enabled precise quantitative analysis of milk adulteration.

A clean and sustainable method for recycling of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate battery powder by using formic acid and oxygen.

With the widespread adoption of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, the imperative recycling of LiFePO4 batteries waste presents formidable challenges in resource recovery, environmental preservation, and socio-economic advancement. Given the current overall lithium recovery rate in LiFePO4 batteries is below 1 %, there is a compelling demand for an eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and sustainable solution. This study introduces a green and sustainable recycling method that employs environmentally benign formic acid and readily available oxygen as reaction agents for selectively leaching lithium from discarded lithium iron phosphate powder. Formic acid was employed as the leaching agent, and oxygen served as the oxidizing agent. Utilizing a single-factor variable approach, various factors including formic acid concentration, oxygen flow rate, leaching time, liquid-to-solid ratio, and reaction temperature were individually investigated. Moreover, the feasibility of this method was explored mechanistically by analyzing E-pH diagrams of the Li-Fe-P-H2O system. Results demonstrate that under conditions of 2.5 mol/L formic acid concentration, 0.12 L/min oxygen flow rate, 25 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 70 °C reaction temperature, and 3 h reaction time, lithium leaching efficiency exceeds 99.9 %, with iron leaching efficiency only at 1.7 %. Moreover, we also explored using air instead of oxygen as the oxidant and get the excellent lithium leaching rate (97.81 %) and low iron leaching rate (4.81 %), which shows the outstanding selectivity. Furthermore, the environmentally benign composition of the chemical reagents, comprising only C, H, and O elements, establishes it as a genuinely green and sustainable technology for secondary resource recovery. It can be considered as a highly environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient approach. Nevertheless, in the current context of carbon neutrality and sustainable development, this method undoubtedly holds excellent prospects for industrialization.

Molecular simulation-guided aptasensor design of robust and sensitive lateral flow strip for cadmium ion detection.

Lateral flow fluorescence strip (LFFS) aptasensor have been widely used for on-site target detection. However, they are limited by low sensitivity and strong background signals owing to the inappropriate design of molecule probes. Herein, we employed molecular simulations to improve the sensitivity of LFFS by the optimization of the DNA probe length and sequence, which is a critical parameter for the competitive approach of the aptasensor. Simulation results revealed that a probe with 30 nt can maximize the hybridization yield of aptamer to reduce the background signal. More importantly, the simulation results highlighted the Cd2+ concentration-dependent conformational changes in the aptamer. It is essential to block its hybridization with a probe, and consequently, yield sensitive and target concentration-dependent fluorescence signal. Considering these results, we developed a sensitive aptamer-based fluorescent lateral flow strip for rapid Cd2+ detection. The fluorescence intensity of this strip exhibited an excellent linear relationship with the Cd2+ concentration ranging from 63 nM to 1000 nM (R2 = 0.9724). The limit of detection was determined to be 30 nM (S/N = 3). This method was also applied for the detection of Cd2+ in river water samples in the range from 92.9 ± 1.0% to 108.6 ± 1.4%. Moreover, the detected concentration in water samples is below the harmful levels (267 nM) recommended by WHO standards in drinking water. The use of molecular simulations is a significant addition to cost and resource-effective aptasensor development protocol, and it can be readily expanded to design aptasensors for other targets.

Integrating microneedle DNA extraction to hand-held microfluidic colorimetric LAMP chip system for meat adulteration detection.

Most microfluidic-based "sample-in-result-out" systems suffer sophisticated microfluidic production processes, high-cost chips, and expensive instruments. They cannot be used in the meat market as well as farmer's markets in rural areas. Here, we developed a hand-held microfluidic chip system for on-site meat species qualitative authentication detection which integrated a simple microneedle DNA extraction and a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The chip can be used by easily pricking meat samples, simply hand-shaking the chip, and readily available isothermal heating instead of a complicated DNA extraction process and microfluidic control device. The system demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity for selected six species of meat samples and low to 1% simulated adulteration could be detected within 60 min. Besides, the whole cost was less than 1 dollar. The integrated hand-held microfluidic detection system offers a simple, fast, low-cost "sample-in-result-out" point-of-care device which could be extended to medical diagnosis and animal/plant disease identification.

Identification of novel biomarkers in chilled and frozen chicken using metabolomics profiling and its application.

Merchants used frozen chicken to pass it off as chilled chicken, resulting in Economically Motivated Adulteration incidents. Here in this work, firstly, we established OPLS-DA and OPLS-R models based on metabolomics to obtain differential metabolites in chilled and frozen chicken (with different storage times), the PLS-DA model based on above differential compounds could achieve accuracy of 91% (training) and 100% (testing) for the adulteration identification of uncooked chilled and frozen chicken. Secondly, cooking study was carried out to identify the discrepancy of the cooked chilled and frozen chicken. Higher nicotinamide, o-acetyl-l-carnitine, hypoxanthine, and IMP levels indicated better nutrition quality and more desirable flavor in chilled chicken nuggets, while higher bitter and sour peptides in frozen chicken nuggets indicated the loss of freshness.

Recent advances in the rapid detection of microRNA with lateral flow assays.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a kind of endogenous non-coding small molecule RNA, which are widely found in plants, animals, and viruses. miRNA can regulate the post-transcriptional cleavage of target message RNA or inhibit its translation process, and plays an important regulatory role in gene expression. Further studies have shown that miRNAs also play an important role in tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Given the important contribution of miRNAs in gene regulation and biological functions, rapid and accurate detection of miRNAs has become increasingly significant. Lateral flow assay is a detection method derived to achieve rapid detection in the field. It overcomes the problems of cumbersome, time-consuming, and high cost in traditional detection methods, and provides a good platform for accurate, sensitive, and immediate detection of target analytes. With the advantages convenient, cost-saving, and repaid result readout, the lateral flow test strips are now a recognized point-of-care testing (POCT) device and has been widely used in medical diagnosis, agriculture, food, and environmental safety. For the first time, we summarized the research progress of miRNA detection based on lateral flow methods, focusing on the strategies used in the lateral flow assays for miRNA detection and introducing some main experimental operation details, as well as providing an outlook on the future development direction of this field, aiming to provide a general guidance for colleagues preparing to conduct related research.

Effect of Bacterial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Swine in Large-Scale Pig Farms in Beijing.

With widespread use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry, bacterial resistance has recently attracted increasing attention. Continuous emergence of multi-resistant bacteria has greatly threatened human and animal health, as well as the quality and safety of livestock products. To control bacterial resistance, the effect of bacterial resistance needs to be well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing Escherichia coli (E. coli) drug resistance in large-scale pig farms. In this study, 296 strains of E. coli isolated and identified from large-scale pig farms in Beijing were used as the research objects. In vitro drug sensitivity tests were used to determine the sensitivity to 10 antibiotics of pig-derived E. coli. SPSS logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of the season, pig type, sampling point (medication type) and sampling location on resistance and multi-drug resistance of E. coli from pigs. The degrees of drug resistance to 10 antibiotics of the 296 strains of pig-derived E. coli were varied, their resistance rates were between 4.05 and 97.64%, and their multi-drug resistance was appalling, with the highest resistance to six antibiotics being 26.35%. The isolated strains were proven more resistant to tetracyclines, penicillin and chloramphenicol, which are commonly used for disease prevention in pig farms, and less resistant to quinolones and aminoglycosides, which are not used in pig farms. The resistance of the isolated strains in spring and summer was generally higher than that in winter. E. coli resistance in piglets, fattening pigs and sows was more serious than that in nursery and sick pigs. The results showed that the season, type of medication and type of pig had an influence on the pig-derived E. coli resistance, among which the type of medication was the most influencing factor.

Rapid identification of Amanita citrinoannulata poisoning using colorimetric and real-time fluorescence and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on the nuclear ITS region.

Health concerns and financial losses caused by mushroom poisoning have been reported worldwide. Amanita citrinoannulata, a poisonous mushroom commonly found in China, results in a toxic reaction in humans after mistaken ingestion. To reduce the mistaken ingestion of poisonous mushrooms and to improve clinical diagnosis of mushroom poisoning, a rapid mushroom species identification method is required. Such identification methods could be advantageous in the identification of other poisonous mushroom species. This study developed two rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of A. citrinoannulata utilizing colorimetric and real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology and specifically designed primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of A. citrinoannulata. The methods demonstrated high sensitivity as 0.2 ng of A. citrinoannulata DNA could be detected, with no cross-reaction with 41 non-target mushroom species. The entire detection process could be completed within 40 min without requiring complex instruments and can be observed by the naked eye. Therefore, these novel methods can be used for the identification of fresh and cooked mushroom samples and vomit samples, which contain only 1% A. citrinoannulata. Furthermore, these methods facilitate the detection of mushroom poisoning, and thus, have potential to reduce the number of mushroom poisoning-related deaths worldwide.

Proposing Two Local Modeling Approaches for Discriminating PGI Sunite Lamb from Other Origins Using Stable Isotopes and Machine Learning.

For the protection of Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Sunite lamb, PGI Sunite lamb samples and lamb samples from two other banners in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region were distinguished by stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O) and two local modeling approaches. In terms of the main characteristics and predictive performance, local modeling was better than global modeling. The accuracies of five local models (LDA, RF, SVM, BPNN, and KNN) obtained by the Adaptive Kennard-Stone algorithm were 91.30%, 95.65%, 91.30%, 100%, and 91.30%, respectively. The accuracies of the five local models obtained by an approach of PCA-Full distance based on DD-SIMCA were 91.30%, 91.30%, 91.30%, 100%, and 95.65%, respectively. The accuracies of the five global models were 91.30%, 91.30%, 91.30%, 100%, and 91.30%, respectively. Stable isotope ratio analysis combined with local modeling can be used as an effective indicator for protecting PGI Sunite lamb.

Rapid identification of Takifugu genus using visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Some Takifugu species are commonly found in the coastal areas of China, Japan, Thailand, and Korea and cause pufferfish poisoning, which is toxic and even lethal to humans. From 2010 to 2015, there were 430 cases of pufferfish poisoning worldwide, resulting in 52 deaths. Identification of Takifugu species is imperative to reduce financial losses and ensure food safety. Here, visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was applied to identify Takifugu species. Conserved regions within the mitochondrial DNA among different Takifugu species were selected to design LAMP primers. In 55 min of amplification, sufficient DNA was obtained to observe the results with the naked eye, without the need for complicated instruments. The method was highly specific, with no cross-detection of 17 other fish species, namely, 7 Tetraodontiformes species and 10 commercially important fish. The method showed a detection limit of 0.1 ng Takifugu DNA and was successfully validated to detect Takifugu in cooked fish and the vomitus of poisoned patients. This rapid and visual LAMP method is a useful tool to prevent false labeling, protect consumer rights, and reduce the risk of pufferfish poisoning. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification method established in this study can identify cooked or digested fish products containing 1% or more of Takifugu. Therefore, it can be used for the visual detection of Takifugu products and the medical diagnosis of Takifugu poisoning.

Rapid Russula senecis identification assays using loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on real-time fluorescence and visualization.

Russula senecis, a common poisonous mushroom, is widely distributed in China. Mushroom poisoning is becoming a major threat to human health and its rate is increasing worldwide. For the first time, we developed a set of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays based on a real-time fluorescence and a visualization method to detect R. senecis, and the visual LAMP reaction system was optimized to further shorten the reaction time. Both real-time LAMP and visual LAMP could detect as low as 3.2 pg of genomic DNA. In addition, fried and digested mushrooms were used to validate the proposed LAMP method, and mushroom mixtures with as low as 1% of the target species could be successfully detected, indicating that the LAMP assays established in this study had good applicability and could be used for clinical sample detection and forensic identification. Furthermore, the LAMP assays were proven to be comparable to the real-time PCR method. KEY POINTS: • A set of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays based on real-time fluorescence and visualization to detect Russula senecis was developed. • Both real-time LAMP and visual LAMP can be used to detect genomic DNA at concentrations as low as 3.2 pg. • By simulating mushroom processing and digestion in gastric juice, LAMP assays were proved to have good applicability and could be used for clinical diagnosis and forensic analysis.

Research progress on mutton origin tracing and authenticity.

With the globalization of the food market and the convenience of food transportation between countries, consumers are increasingly worried about the source and safety of the food they eat. Traceability has been identified as an important tool for ensuring food safety and quality. This review mainly introduces the principles of five food traceability technologies, summarizes the progress in mutton application, comprehensively compares and analyzes the five traceability technologies, and discusses their application prospects, advantages and disadvantages. It is aimed at promoting research and application of traceability technology in mutton safety, promoting establishment and improvement of food traceability system.

Chemical Analysis Combined with Multivariate Statistical Methods to Determine the Geographical Origin of Milk from Four Regions in China.

Traceability of milk origin in China is conducive to the implementation of the protection of regional products. In order to distinguish milk from different geographical distances in China, we traced the milk of eight farms in four neighboring provinces of China (Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Hebei, Ningxia Hui autonomous and Shaanxi), and multivariate data analysis was applied to the data including elemental analysis, stable isotope analysis and fatty acid analysis. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is used to determine the optimal classification model, and it is explored whether the combination of different technologies is better than a single technical analysis. It was confirmed that in the inter-provincial samples, the combination of the two techniques was better than the analysis using a single technique (fatty acids: R2 = 0.716, Q2 = 0.614; fatty acid-binding isotopes: R2 = 0.760, Q2 = 0.635). At the same time, milk produced by farms with different distances of less than 11 km in each province was discriminated, and the discriminant distance was successfully reduced to 0.7 km (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region: the distance between the two farms was 0.7 km, R2 = 0.771, Q2 = 0.631). For short-distance samples, the combination multiple technologies are not completely superior to a single technique, and sometimes, it is easy to cause model over-fitting.

A strip of lateral flow gene assay using gold nanoparticles for point-of-care diagnosis of African swine fever virus in limited environment.

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was combined with lateral flow to develop a gold nanoparticles test strip for point-of-care diagnosis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is called lateral flow gene assay (LFGA). Common diagnostic techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatography, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and generally require costly instruments. For improvement, this assay used tailed primers to produce DNA duplexes with a single-stranded tail at one end which can hybridize with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-labeled oligonucleotide detection probe. And then, biotin attached to the other end of the product bound to streptavidin, which previously fixed to the test line. Therefore, there would form a sandwich structure, and gold nanoparticles labeled on the detection probe would show a red band on the test line of strip. With the low reaction temperature (37~42 °C) and short reaction time (30 min), LFGA can specifically identify ASFV in blood samples infected with ASFV and classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and the LOD was 102 copies/µL, which was comparable to that of agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, blood samples infected with ASFV and CSFV were tested, and it was found that the LFGA can specifically identify ASFV DNA. In conclusion, LFGA achieves visual observation of the product after rapid RPA amplification and does not require any expensive instruments during the entire process, which is very helpful for early diagnosis of ASFV. Combined recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with lateral flow, we developed a gold nanoparticles test strip for point-of-care diagnosis of African swine fever virus. The upstream primers of RPA were modified with biotin, and the downstream primers were modified with a C3 spacer and an oligonucleotide tail that can be hybridized to a gold nanoparticle-labeled oligonucleotide detection probe. On the strip, the test line and control line were sprayed with streptavidin and an oligonucleotide control probe. In the presence of positive products, RPA products can form a sandwich structure on the test line. Therefore, two red lines will be displayed both on the test line and control line. When there is no positive product, only the control line is shown in red. Its low reaction temperature (37~42 °C) and short time of amplification and detection (30 min) make ASFV realizing point-of-care diagnosis in limited environment.

Rapid and Visual Identification of Chlorophyllum molybdites With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method.

Chlorophyllum molybdites is a kind of common poisonous mushroom in China that is widely distributed in different areas. Food poisoning caused by accidentally eating C. molybdites has become more frequent in recent years. In 2019, there were 55 food poisoning incidents caused by eating this mushroom in China. Mushroom poisoning continues to be a common health issue of global concern. When mushroom poisoning occurs, an effective, simple, and rapid detection method is required for accurate clinical treatment or forensic analysis. For the first time, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the visual detection of C. molybdites. A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and the specificity was confirmed against 43 different mushroom species. The LAMP method could detect as low as 1 pg of genomic DNA. Boiled mushrooms and artificial gastric-digested mushroom samples were prepared to test the applicability of the method, and the results showed that as low as 1% C. molybdites in boiled and digested samples could be successfully detected. The LAMP method can also be completed within 45 min, and the reaction results could be directly observed based on a color change under daylight by the naked eye. Therefore, the LAMP assay established in this study provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost method for the detection of C. molybdites.

Multiple authentications of high-value milk by centrifugal microfluidic chip-based real-time fluorescent LAMP.

Adulteration of food ingredients, particularly replacement of high-value milk with low-cost milk, affects food safety. For rapid and accurate identification of the possible adulterating milk species in an unknown sample, a centrifugal microfluidic chip-based real-time fluorescent multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to simultaneously detect milk from cow, camel, horse, goat, and yak. Using precoated primers in different reaction wells, the centrifugal microfluidic chip markedly simplified the detection process and reduced false-positive results. The entire amplification was completed within 90 min with a genomic detection limit of 0.05 ng/µL in cow, camel, horse, and goat milk and 0.005 ng/µL in yak milk. Using simulated adulterated samples for validation, the detection limit for adulterated milk samples was 2.5%, satisfying authentication requirements, as the proportion of adulterated milk higher than 10% affects economic interests. Therefore, this simple, centrifugal, microfluidic chip-based multiplex real-time fluorescent LAMP assay can simultaneously detect common milk species in commercial products to enable accurate labeling.

Determination and risk assessment of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) in pork liver from mainland, China.

Animal-origin food has been suggested as the main dietary source of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) for humans, and pork liver is a major contributor. The nationwide survey data of PFASs from pork liver in China was limited. This study determined 17 PFASs in pork liver samples from 30 regions including different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, using traditional high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The average detection rate of PFASs (≥the limit of detection, LOD) in pork liver samples throughout China reached 97.4%, with ΣPFASs of 1.80 µg/kg. Both in areas with well-developed manufacturing industries and in non-production areas of perfluorinated compounds, PFASs were widely detectable in pork liver samples, especially for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS). The detection rates of PFOA and PFOS (≥LOD) were 77.0% and 86.1%, with contents of 0.160 µg/kg and 0.397 µg/kg. The risk assessments of PFOA and PFOS from pork liver for different populations demonstrated the necessity for continuous exposure monitoring and risk investigation of PFASs. This work accomplished systematic and nationwide determination data of PFASs in pork liver, and provides a valuable reference for contamination monitoring and risk assessment of PFASs from animal origin food.