The effect of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on the early embryonic heart development of Oryzias melastigma.

The flame retardant tri (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is widely present in environmental media and organisms. People have paid much attention to the growth and developmental toxicity of TDCIPP, but there is little information about its cardiotoxicity and potential mechanisms. In this study, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos were exposed to TDCIPP solutions (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/L) for 21 days to investigate the adverse effects of TDCIPP on cardiac development. The results showed that TDCIPP exposure altered the heart rate at different stages of embryonic development. In addition, 50 µg/L TDCIPP resulted in increased sinus venosus (SV)-bulbus arteriosus (BA) distance, pericardial cysts, and cardiac linearization in newly hatched fish. During embryonic development, the expression level of key genes regulating cardiac development is disturbed. The early stage of cardiac development is the sensitive window period for the toxic effects of TDCIPP. Oxidative stress was observed in newly hatched juveniles, but no significant lipid peroxidation damage was observed. In addition, vitellogenin (VTG) levels in juvenile fish were significantly reduced. Our results show that TDCIPP exposure induces cardiotoxicity in marine medaka embryos, which is induced in the early stages and promotes heart defects by amplifying inflammatory responses at a later stage.

Tissue-specific distribution and fatty acid content of PFAS in the northern Bohai Sea fish: Risk-benefit assessment of legacy PFAS and emerging alternatives.

This study aimed to examine the distribution of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in 15 marine fish species from the northern Bohai Sea, investigate their sources of contamination, and evaluate the benefits-risks associated with the concurrent consumption of fish fatty acids and PFAS. The ∑PFAS concentrations in fish ranged from 9.38 to 262.92 ng·g-1 (dry weight). The highest PFAS levels were found in the viscera and gills, while the lowest levels were found in the muscles. Industrial effluents and sewage treatment plant discharges were the primary sources of PFAS contamination. The individual PFAS concentrations in fish were insignificantly correlated with their trophic levels (p > 0.05). However, the concentrations of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) or long-chain PFAS (C > 8) significantly increased with fish size (e.g., total length, weight) and lipid content (p < 0.001). The benefit-risk analysis suggests that HPFO-DA poses a higher health risk than perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in fish (p < 0.05). Long-term consumption of contaminated fish may significantly increase human serum PFOA concentration and kidney cancer risk (p < 0.05). Daily consumption of 5 g (wet weight) muscle from Ditrema temmincki and Konosirus punctatus is recommended to meet the requirements for fatty acid supplementation without posing health risks.

Effects of asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in children with haematological tumours.

Background: Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) is a major challenge for continuing asparaginase therapy. We aimed to investigate the acute and long-term complications and survival rates related to first and second AAP episodes in Chinese children with haematological malignancies. Methods: We retrospectively analysed clinical data of children with pancreatitis who received asparaginase chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute mixed cell leukaemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from November 2013 to November 2023. Results: Of the 76 children included in the study, 12 had local complications (15.79%), with no deaths recorded. Systemic complications manifested in 28 patients (36.84%), resulting in 3 deaths (3.95%). Four patients (5.26%) developed long-term complications (chronic pancreatitis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). No significant differences in local or long-term complications were recorded between children in the asparaginase re-exposed (n=39) and non-re-exposed (n=45) groups. Among the re-exposed patients, eight (25.81%) experienced a second attack without fatalities or complications. Survival analysis of intermediate- to high-risk patients revealed a significantly higher event-free survival (EFS) rate for the re-exposed group than for the non-re-exposed group. The second AAP episode's occurrence and severity had no relation to the first AAP episode's severity, and the second AAP episode was significantly less severe than the first (p<0.001). Conclusions: The second AAP episode's occurrence is unrelated to the first AAP episode's severity, and the second AAP episode's severity is significantly lower than that of the first. Further, asparaginase therapy could improve EFS in children with intermediate and high-risk ALL.

Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacogenetic Studies Related to Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Chinese Pediatric ALL Patients.

Vincristine (VCR) can cause vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the mechanisms are complicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) related to VIPN, including clearance routes, drug-drug interactions (DDI), and genetic characteristics. Pediatric patients being treated for ALL were recruited to PK study where VCR and its metabolite (M1) were measured using a novel assay. The incidence of VIPN was also recorded. DNA sequencing of relevant PK and PD genes was performed. PopPK and PK/PD models were developed, pharmacogenetic and DDI analyses were conducted. In total, 79 children were recruited. The results showed that allometric scaling, ABCB1-rs1128503 genotype, and posaconazole (POS) significantly improved the PopPK model fit. VIPN was significantly correlated with the exposure of VCR. Co-administration with POS shifted the effect curve for VIPN to the left, indicating increased VIPN risk at the same exposure levels. No significant effects on VIPN were observed for CYP3A5 (rs776746), CYP3A4 (rs2242480), CEP72 (rs924607), or various ABCB1 variants (rs1128503, rs2032582, rs1045642, rs4728709, rs4148737, and rs10276036), nor with the co-administration of fluconazole or dasatinib. In summary, co-administration of POS increased VCR exposure by 0.4-fold and raised the risk of VIPN, with an occurrence probability generally exceeding 0.7. Therapeutic drug monitoring of VCR in clinical practice may be necessary to enable appropriate dose adjustments and individualized treatment.

Association between plant microbiota and cadmium uptake under the influence of microplastics with different particle sizes.

Plant microbiota are an important factor impacting plant cadmium (Cd) uptake. However, little is known about how plant microbiota affects the Cd uptake by plants under the influence of microplastics (MPs) with different particle sizes. In this study, bacterial structure and assembly in the rhizosphere and endosphere in pakchoi were analyzed by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes under the influence of different particle sizes of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) combined with Cd treatments. Results showed that there were no significant differences observed in the shoot endophytes among different treatments. However, compared to Cd treatment, larger-sized PS-MPs (2 and 20 µm) significantly increased community diversity and altered the structural composition of rhizosphere bacteria and root endophytes, while smaller-sized PS-MPs (0.2 µm) did not. Under the treatment of larger-sized PS-MPs, the niche breadth of rhizosphere bacteria and root endophytes were significantly increased. And larger-sized PS-MPs also maintained stability and complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks, while smaller-sized PS-MPs reduced them. Furthermore, compared to Cd treatment, the addition of larger particle size PS-MPs decreased the proportion of homogeneous section, while increased the proportion of drift in root endophytic bacterial community assembly. The role of larger-sized MPs in the community assembly of rhizosphere bacteria was opposite. Using random forest and structural equation models, the study found that larger-sized PS-MPs can promote the colonization of specific bacterial taxa, such as Brevundimonas, AKAU4049, SWB02, Ellin6055, Porphyrobacter, Sphingorhabdus, Rhodobacter, Erythrobacter, Devosia and some other bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, in the rhizosphere and root endosphere. The colonization of these taxa can may induce the formation of biofilms in the roots, immobilize heavy metals through oxidation processes, and promote plant growth, thereby reducing Cd uptake by pakchoi. The findings of this study provide important insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying the influence of MPs with different particle sizes on plant Cd uptake.

Phthalate monoesters accumulation in residential indoor dust and influence factors.

Phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) possess biological activity that matches or even exceeds that of their parent compounds, phthalate esters (PAEs), negatively impacting humans. Indoor dust is the main carrier of indoor pollutants. In this study, indoor dust samples were collected from 46 households in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in May 2019, and particulate and flocculent fibrous dust was used as the research target to analyze the concentration and compositional characteristics of mPAEs, primary metabolites of five significant PAEs. The influence of factors such as architectural features and living habits in residential areas on exposure to mPAEs was explored. Ten suspected enzyme genes along with two metabolic pathways with the ability to degrade PAEs were screened using PICRUSt2. The results showed that the total concentrations of the five mPAEs in the indoor dust samples were particulate dust (11.49-78.69 µg/g) and flocculent fibrous dust (21.61-72.63 µg/g), respectively. The molar concentration ratio (RC) of mPAEs to corresponding PAEs significantly differed among chemicals, with MMP/DMP and MEP/DEP sporting the highest RC values. Different bacterial types have shown distinct influences against mPAEs and PAEs. Enzyme function and metabolic pathway abundance had a significant effect on the concentration of some mPAEs, mPAEs are most likely derived from microbial degradation of PAEs.

Optimizing Surface State Electrons of Topological Semi-Metal by Atomic Doping for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Topological materials carrying topological surface states (TSSs) have extraordinary carrier mobility and robustness, which provide a new platform for searching for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. However, the majority of these TSSs originate from the sp band of topological quantum catalysts rather than the d band. Here, based on the density functional theory calculation, it is reported a topological semimetal Pd3Sn carrying TSSs mainly derived from d orbital and proposed that optimizing surface state electrons of Pd3Sn by introduction heteroatoms (Ni) can promote hybridization between hydrogen atoms and electrons, thereby reducing the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) of adsorbed hydrogen and improving its HER performance. Moreover, this is well verified by electrocatalytic experiment results, the Ni-doped Pd3Sn (Ni0.1Pd2.9Sn) show much lower overpotential (-29 mV vs RHE) and Tafel slope (17 mV dec-1) than Pd3Sn (-39 mV vs RHE, 25 mV dec-1) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Significantly, the Ni0.1Pd2.9Sn nanoparticles exhibit excellent stability for HER. The electrocatalytic activity of Ni0.1Pd2.9Sn nanoparticles is superior to that of commercial Pt. This work provides an accurate guide for manipulating surface state electrons to improve the HER performance of catalysts.

Enhanced immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated soil using calcium alginate-modified HAP biochar: Improvements in soil health and microbial diversity.

A novel adsorbent, calcium alginate-modified HAP (Hydroxyapatite)-wood ear mushroom sticks biochar (CA-HAPMB), was synthesized to enhance the immobilization of Cd and Pb in soil. Over 150 days, applying CA-HAPMB at concentrations of 0%-3% in contaminated soils from Chenzhou City in Hunan Province (CZ) and Shenyang City in Liaoning Province (SY) resulted in decreased effective concentrations of Cd and Pb. Specifically, in CZ soil, Cd and Pb decreased by 30.9%-69.3% and 31.9%-78.6%, respectively, while in SY soil, they decreased by 27.5%-53.7% and 26.4%-62.3%, respectively. Characterization results, obtained after separating CA-HAPMB from the soil, indicate that complexation, co-precipitation, and ion exchange play crucial roles in the efficient immobilization of Cd and Pb by CA-HAPMB. Additionally, adjusting the amount of CA-HAPMB added allows modulation of soil pH, leading to increased soil organic matter and nutrient content. Following treatment with CA-HAPMB for immobilizing Cd and Pb, soil bacteria abundance and diversity increased, further promoting heavy-metal immobilization.

Exploration the interaction of cadmium and copper toxic effects in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L) roots through combinatorial transcriptomic and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

The interaction between cadmium(Cd) and copper(Cu) during combined pollution can lead to more complex toxic effects on humans and plants.However, there is still a lack of sufficient understanding regarding the types of interactions at the plant molecular level and the response strategies of plants to combined pollution. To assess this, we investigated the phenotypic and transcriptomic patterns of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L) roots in response to individual and combined pollution of Cd and Cu. The results showed that compared to single addition, the translocation factor of heavy metals in roots significantly decreased (p < 0.05) under the combined addition, resulting in higher accumulation of Cd and Cu in the roots. Transcriptomic analysis of pakchoi roots revealed that compared to single pollution, there were 312 and 1926 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically regulated in the Cd2Cu20 and Cd2Cu100 combined treatments, respectively. By comparing the expression of these DEGs among different treatments, we found that the combined pollution of Cd and Cu mainly affected the transcriptome of the roots in an antagonistic manner. Enrichment analysis indicated that pakchoi roots upregulated the expression of genes involved in glucosetransferase activity, phospholipid homeostasis, proton transport, and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids to resist Cd and Cu combined pollution. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified hub genes related to the accumulation of Cd and Cu in the roots, which mainly belonged to the LBD, thaumatin-like protein, ERF, MYB, WRKY, and TCP transcription factor families. This may reflect a transcription factor-driven trade-off strategy between heavy metal accumulation and growth in pakchoi roots. Additionally, compared to single metal pollution, the expression of genes related to Nramp, cation/H+ antiporters, and some belonging to the ABC transporter family in the pakchoi roots was significantly upregulated under combined pollution. This could lead to increased accumulation of Cd and Cu in the roots. These findings provide new insights into the interactions and toxic mechanisms of multiple metal combined pollution at the molecular level in plants.

Immunophenotypic clustering in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, exhibiting diverse subtypes according to the characteristics of tumour cells. The immunophenotype is one of the aspects acquired routinely through flow cytometry in the diagnosis of AML. Here, we characterized the antigen expression in paediatric AML cases across both morphological and molecular genetic subgroups. We discovered a subgroup of patients with unfavourable prognosis that can be immunologically characterized, irrespective of morphological FAB results or genetic aberrations. Cox regression analysis unveiled key antigens influencing the prognosis of AML patients. In terms of underlying genotypes, we observed that the antigenic profiles and outcomes of one specific group, primarily composed of CBFA2T3::GLIS2 and FUS::ERG, were analogous to the reported RAM phenotype. Overall, our data highlight the significance of immunophenotype to tailor treatment for paediatric AML.

Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with failure of physical therapy in chronic low back pain: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The effect of physical therapy on pain and disability alleviation in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) has been demonstrated, but the risk factors for treatment failure remain unknown. AIM: To explore the associations of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics with treatment failure after physical therapy intervention for cLBP. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of a single-blind randomized clinical trial. SETTING: A rehabilitation hospital. POPULATION: A total of 98 patients with cLBP completed the 12-month measurement. METHODS: Patients were randomly grouped into 3-month therapeutic aquatic exercise or physical therapy modalities. The primary outcome was treatment failure, which was defined as a decrease in the numeric rating scale to less than 2.0 points at 12-month follow-up. Associations between baseline demographic and clinical characteristics with risk of treatment failure were assessed by logistic regressions. RESULTS: The pain intensity in the failure cases was alleviated after 3-month intervention but continuously increased at 6- and 12-month follow-up (P<0.05). Old age was significantly associated with an increased risk of treatment failure (adjusted OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.11-9.60). Compared with those receiving physical therapy modalities, the patients receiving therapeutic aquatic exercise had less risk of treatment failure (adjusted OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.47), and age (P=0.022) was a modifier for this association. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with younger ones, older patients with cLBP had a higher risk of treatment failure after physical therapy and gained a stronger benefit of long-term pain alleviation from therapeutic aquatic exercise. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Therapeutic aquatic exercise is an effective therapy for cLBP and more helpful for preventing treatment failure than physical therapy modalities, especially for older patients.

High-dose methotrexate pharmacokinetics and its impact on prognosis of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients: A population pharmacokinetic study.

This study delivers a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in a large cohort of Chinese paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients. A total of 533 patients were included in the prognostic analysis. An association was observed between lower steady-state MTX concentrations (<56 µmol/L) and poorer outcomes in intermediate-/high-risk (IR/HR) patients. Subgroup analysis further revealed that this relationship between concentrations and prognosis was even more pronounced in patients with MLL rearrangements. In contrast, such an association did not emerge within the low-risk patient group. Additionally, utilizing population pharmacokinetic modelling (6051 concentrations from 815 patients), we identified the significant impact of physiological maturation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, sex and concurrent dasatinib administration on MTX pharmacokinetics. Simulation-based recommendations include a reduced dosage regimen for those with renal insufficiency and a specific 200 mg/kg dosage for infants under 1 year. The findings underscore the critical role of HDMTX in treating IR/HR populations and call for a reassessment of its application in lower-risk groups. An individualized pharmacokinetic dosage regimen could achieve the most optimal results, ensuring the largest proportion of steady-state concentrations within the optimal range.

Porous Titanium Scaffolds with Mechanoelectrical Conversion and Photothermal Function: A Win-Win Strategy for Bone Reconstruction of Tumor-Resected Defects.

Bone metastases severely threaten the lives of patients. Although surgical treatment combined with adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves the survival rate of patients, tumor recurrence, or metastasis after surgical resection and bone defects caused by surgical treatment remain major challenges for clinicians. Given the abovementioned clinical requirements, barium titanate-containing iron-coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds have been proposed to promote bone defect repair and inhibit tumor recurrence. Fortunately, in vitro and in vivo experimental research confirms that barium titanate containing iron-coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds promote osteogenesis and bone reconstruction in defect repair via mechanoelectric conversion and inhibit tumor recurrence via photothermal effects. Furthermore, the underlying and intricate mechanisms of bone defect repair and tumor recurrence prevention of barium titanate-containing iron-coated porous titanium alloy scaffolds are explored. A win-win strategy for mechanoelectrical conversion and photothermal functionalization provides promising insights into bone reconstruction of tumor-resected defects.

Comprehensive assessment of phthalates in indoor dust across China between 2007 and 2019: Benefits from regulatory restrictions.

China is the largest producer and consumer of phthalates in the world. However, it remains unclear whether China's phthalate restrictions have alleviated indoor phthalate pollution. We extracted the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in indoor dust at 2762 sites throughout China between 2007 and 2019 from the published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the effects of phthalate restrictions and environmental factors on the temporal-spatial distribution and sources of phthalates and estimated human exposure and risk of phthalates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of phthalates in indoor dust throughout China decreased in the following order: DEHP > DBP > DIBP > DMP > DEP > BBP. The concentrations of six phthalates were generally higher in northern and central-western China than in southern regions. BBP and DEHP concentrations decreased by 73.5% and 17.9%, respectively, from 2007 to 2019. Sunshine was a critical environmental factor in reducing phthalate levels in indoor dust. Polyvinyl chloride materials, personal care products, building materials, and furniture were the primary sources of phthalates in indoor dust. The phthalates in indoor dust posed the most significant threat to children and older adults. This study provides a picture of phthalate pollution, thus supporting timely and effective policies and legislation.

Multi-source exposure and health risks of phthalates among university students in Northeastern China.

The endocrine disruptor phthalates (PAEs) are widely used as important chemical additives in a variety of areas around the globe. PAEs are toxic to reproduction and development and may adversely affect the health of adolescents. Risk assessments of exposure to PAEs from different sources are more reflective of actual exposure than single-source assessments. We used personal exposure parameters to estimate the dose of PAEs to 107 university students from six media (including dormitory dust, dormitory air, clothing, food, disposable food containers, and personal care products (PCPs)) and three exposure routes (including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption). Individual factors and lifestyles may affect PAE exposure to varying degrees. Based on a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the results indicated that the main sources of PAEs in dust were indoor building materials and plastics, while PCPs and adhesives were the major sources of airborne PAEs. The relative contribution of each source to PAE exposure showed that food and air were the primary sources of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Air source contributed the most to diethyl phthalate (DEP) exposure, followed by PCPs. Food was the most significant source of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure. Additionally, the exposure of DEHP to dust was not negligible. The ingestion pathway was the most dominant among the three exposure pathways, followed by dermal absorption. The non-carcinogenic risk of PAEs from the six sources was within acceptable limits. DEHP exhibits a low carcinogenic risk. We suggest university students maintain good hygienic and living habits to minimize exposure to PAEs.

Distribution and major driving elements of antibiotic resistance genes in the soil-vegetable system under microplastic stress.

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are both enriched in soil-vegetable systems as a consequence of the prolonged use of agricultural mulches. MPs can form unique bacterial communities and provide potential hosts for ARGs. Therefore, MPs stress may promote the spread of ARGs from soil to crops. Increasing ARGs pollution in soil-vegetable system. In our research, we investigated the distribution and major driving elements of antibiotic resistance genes in the soil-vegetable system under microplastic stress. The results showed that MPs treatment decreased the relative abundance of ARGs in non-rhizosphere soil. High concentrations of MPs promoted the enrichment of tetracycline antibiotic resistance genes in rhizosphere soil. MPs treatment promoted the enrichment of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in lettuce tissues, and the overall abundance of ARGs in root after 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % (w/w, dry weight) polyethylene (PE) administration was considerably higher compared to that in the untreated group (p < 0.05). At the same time, high PE concentrations promoted the spread of sulfa ARGs from root to leaf. MPs also impacted the bacterial communities in the soil-plant system, and the changes in ARGs as well as MGEs in each part of the soil-vegetable system were significantly correlated with the bacterial diversity index (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis and network analysis showed that bacterial communities and MGEs were the main drivers of ARGs variation in soil-lettuce systems.

Investigation of Vacancy-Ordered Double Perovskite Halides A2Sn1-xTixY6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; Y = Cl, Br, I): Promising Materials for Photovoltaic Applications.

In the present study, the structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of all-inorganic vacancy-ordered double perovskites A2Sn1-xTixY6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; Y = Cl, Br, I) are explored by density functional theory. The structural and thermodynamic stabilities are confirmed by the tolerance factor and negative formation energy. Moreover, by doping Ti ions into vacancy-ordered double perovskite A2SnY6, the effect of Ti doping on the electronic and optical properties was investigated in detail. Then, according to the requirement of practical applications in photovoltaics, the optimal concentration of Ti ions and the most suitable halide element are determined to screen the right compositions. In addition, the mechanical, electronic and optical properties of the selected compositions are discussed, exhibiting the maximum optical absorption both in the visible and ultraviolet energy ranges; thus, the selected compositions can be considered as promising materials for application in solar photovoltaics. The results suggest a great potential of A2Sn1-xTixY6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; Y = Cl, Br, I) for further theoretical research as well as experimental research on the photovoltaic performance of stable and toxic-free perovskite solar cells.

Exploring the effect of C6H5-x/FxBr (x = 0-3) passivating agent on surface properties at different termination ends: first principles.

To prevent further decomposition of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite by defects, in this work density functional theory was applied to explore the electronic properties, carrier surface mobility and theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of passivating molecules with different fluorine atom content at the symmetric site of the benzene ring at different termination ends of MAPbI3, which shed light on the control of perovskite surface passivation by different element atoms in the same molecule. We found that the same molecule acts as a different passivation agent at different termination faces. Passivating molecules on the surface termination end by MAI play a Lewis acid role, with molecules with stronger dipole moments narrowing the band gap from the original 1.77 to 1.73 eV. The exciton binding energy of molecules with stronger dipole moments (0.187-0.292 meV) is significantly lower than that of MAPbI3 (0.332 meV), so the effective separation of interface electrons and holes can be realized. Bromopenta-fluorobenzene has a lower adsorption energy of -0.17 eV, which can stably adsorb on the surface of perovskite and increase visible light absorption. Ultimately, the theoretical PCE increased from 15.8% to 16.16%. In addition, on the surface terminated by PbI2, BrB with a strong dipole moment can provide electrons for Pb2+ and act as a Lewis base. At the surface end, it can form an ionic bond with Pb2+, while the antibonding molecular orbital characteristic is dominant, which increases the band gap from 1.76 to 1.87 eV. After increasing to 4-F-BrB, the fluorine atom has strong electronegativity and can easily bond with Pb2+. The conjugate π cycle intensifies the promotion of electron transfer, reducing the work function from 5.262 to 4.703 eV, reducing the effective electron and hole mass (0.514, 0.204 m0), and improving the photovoltaic performance. Finally, increasing the number of passivation molecules resulted in a decrease in the PCE from 15.93% to 14.75%.

Efficient removal of Cr from aqueous solution by catechol/m-phenylenediamine nanospheres combined with Fe(II).

The discharge of chromium-containing wastewater in industrial production causes resource loss and damage to the ecological environment. Currently, various phenolamine materials have been used to remove chromium, but their harsh adsorption conditions bring many difficulties. For example, ideal chromium removal is only achieved at low pH. In this study, we synthesized catechol/m-phenylenediamine nanospheres (CMN) and combined CMN with Fe(II) for Cr removal from aqueous solutions, and Fe(II) comes from FeSO4·7H2O. CMN was characterized and analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS). The adsorption performance was studied through a series of adsorption experiments. When C0 = 900 mg/L and pH = 6, the maximum adsorption capacity obtained in the experiment was 977.1 mg/g. It maintains excellent adsorption properties in acidic, neutral and alkaline environments. The results of the adsorption mechanism showed that the ultra-high adsorption capacity of CMN and Fe(II) for Cr was the result of the synergistic effect of adsorption and reduction, including electrostatic attraction, reduction and coprecipitation. CMN is expected to be an ideal adsorbent for Cr removal in aqueous solution due to its low cost, high biocompatibility and high efficiency in Cr removal.

Simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetics of vincristine and its major metabolite M1 in Chinese pediatric ALL patients by LC-MS/MS.

Vincristine (VCR) is a vital component in numerous treatment regimens for pediatric blood cancer. VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) represents a type of VCR toxicity influenced by multiple factors, including age, race, genetic traits, dosage, interactions, and administration regimen. However, the dose-response relationship of VIPN remains elusive. VCR is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3 A to generate the major metabolite M1. To date, there is a lack of literature documenting the pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics of VCR and M1 in Chinese children within a 96 h timeframe. To address the gap, a developed LC-MS/MS method was successfully employed in the PK study of VCR and M1 in Chinese pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. M1 was obtained through in vitro metabolism experiments, and mixed plasma samples of M1 and VCR were prepared. Plasma samples were pre-processed using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique. Samples were loaded into ProElut C18 Cartridges, washed with 5% methanol aqueous solution, and eluted with methanol. The eluent was concentrated and reconstituted for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The standard calibration curves for VCR and M1 were 0.1-50 ng/mL and 0.05-5 ng/mL, respectively, with linear coefficients exceeding 0.99. Accuracy and precision of quality control (QC) samples fell within 115%. The analytical approach satisfied the quantitative demands for VCR and M1 in plasma samples within 96 h. VCR was metabolized to M1 at a relatively constant proportion (5.37%-18.06%) of VCR in vivo. No significant differences were observed in PK parameters of VCR in Chinese children compared to other countries and races. Further investigation is required to identify the key factors influencing VIPN in Chinese children.