RESUMEN
The green concretes industry benefits from utilizing gel to replace parts of the cement in concretes. However, measuring the compressive strength of geo-polymer concretes (CSGPoC) needs a significant amount of work and expenditure. Therefore, the best idea is predicting CSGPoC with a high level of accuracy. To do this, the base learner and super learner machine learning models were proposed in this study to anticipate CSGPoC. The decision tree (DT) is applied as base learner, and the random forest and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) techniques are used as super learner system. In this regard, a database was provided involving 259 CSGPoC data samples, of which four-fifths of is considered for the training model and one-fifth is selected for the testing models. The values of fly ash, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), Na2SiO3, NaOH, fine aggregate, gravel 4/10 mm, gravel 10/20 mm, water/solids ratio, and NaOH molarity were considered as input of the models to estimate CSGPoC. To evaluate the reliability and performance of the decision tree (DT), XGBoost, and random forest (RF) models, 12 performance evaluation metrics were determined. Based on the obtained results, the highest degree of accuracy is achieved by the XGBoost model with mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.073, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.547, Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) of 0.981, correlation coefficient (R) of 0.991, R2 of 0.982, root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.458, Willmott's index (WI) of 0.795, weighted mean absolute percentage error (WMAPE) of 0.046, Bias of 2.073, square index (SI) of 0.054, p of 0.027, mean relative error (MRE) of -0.014, and a20 of 0.983 for the training model and MAE of 2.06, MAPE of 6.553, NS of 0.985, R of 0.993, R2 of 0.986, RMSE of 2.307, WI of 0.818, WMAPE of 0.05, Bias of 2.06, SI of 0.056, p of 0.028, MRE of -0.015, and a20 of 0.949 for the testing model. By importing the testing set into trained models, values of 0.8969, 0.9857, and 0.9424 for R2 were obtained for DT, XGBoost, and RF, respectively, which show the superiority of the XGBoost model in CSGPoC estimation. In conclusion, the XGBoost model is capable of more accurately predicting CSGPoC than DT and RF models.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We investigated the serological association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Association of Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were searched to identify studies investigating the serological association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with age-related macular degeneration. The quality of original studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression. The odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMD) of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection between AMD patients and controls were pooled. RESULTS: In total, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale scores ranging from 4 to 9. There was heterogeneity among studies due to a difference in the study designs and measurement of exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The overall OR of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with AMD was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.78-1.57, Pâ=â0.56). The overall SMD of antibody titer between AMD and control was 0.43 (95% confidence interval: -0.12 to 0.99, Pâ=â0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from the current published literature suggested no statistically significant association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and AMD.
