RESUMEN
A visible-light-driven desaturative ß-alkoxyoxalyation of N-aryl cyclic amines with difluoromethyl bromides and H2O has been reported. This tandem reaction is triggered by homolysis of the C-Br bond to produce the difuoroalkyl radical, which undergoes the subsequent defluorinated ß-alkoxyoxalylation cascades to afford a wide range of ß-ketoester/ketoamides substituted enamines. The prominent feature of this reaction contains photocatalyst-free, transition-metal free, and mild conditions. The 18O labeling experiment disclosed that H2O is the oxygen source of the carbonyl unit.
RESUMEN
Precision medicine is based on accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention through the use of omics and clinical data together with epidemiology and environmental exposures. Precision medicine should be achieved with minimum adverse events and maximum efficacy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, the breakthroughs of omics in CKD and the application of systems biology are reviewed. The potential role of transforming growth factor-ß1 in the targeted intervention of renal fibrosis is discussed as an example of how to make precision medicine work for CKD.
Asunto(s)
Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Epigénesis Genética/fisiología , Fibrosis/genética , Fibrosis/fisiopatología , Genómica/métodos , Genotipo , Humanos , MicroARNs , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Biología de Sistemas/métodosRESUMEN
Hantaviruses infect their reservoir hosts and humans, but the infection only causes disease in humans. In Asia and Europe (the Old World), the hantaviruses usually cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). This article summarizes the current understanding of hantavirus epidemiology, as well as the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, renal pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HFRS. Moreover, the spatiotemporal distribution of HFRS was analysed based on the latest data obtained from the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, for the period January 2004 to April 2015, to provide valuable information for the practical application of more effective HFRS control and prevention strategies in China.
